Intshayelelo kwizityalo zasemanzini
Izityalo zasemanzini Badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindalo kunye noyilo lweegadi kunye namachibi. Ezi ntlobo, zikwabizwa ngokuba i-macrophytes, i-hydrophytes okanye i-hygrophytesZiye zavela ukuze ziphile kwindawo ezifumileyo kakhulu okanye ngokuthe ngqo emanzini, nokuba ngamanzi acocekileyo okanye anetyuwa. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuqhelanisa namachibi, imilambo, imigxobhozo, imigxobhozo, imigxobhozo, imigxobhozo, iideltas, kunye namachibi eephemeral, nto leyo ezenza zibe zezona ntlobo ziguquguqukayo zobomi bezityalo.
Ezi zityalo azigcini nje ukongeza ubuhle kwiindawo zasemanzini, kodwa zenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yezinto eziphilayo ezifana Ukuhluzwa kwezondlo, ioksijini yamanzi, indawo yokuhlala kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana zasendle kunye nolawulo lwebhayoloji yolungelelwaniso lwendalo yasemanzini. Ngaphaya koko, iintlobo ezininzi zendalo bezixhatshazwa ngabantu ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwezolimo ukuya ekwenziweni kwezinto ezisebenzayo kunye nezezandla.
Yintoni ephawula izityalo zasemanzini?
Izityalo zasemanzini zibonisa ulungelelwaniso lwesakhiwo kunye nephysiological ezivumela ukuba zikhule kwiindawo ezikhukula okanye ezifumileyo kakhulu. Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka:
- Amalaphu asemoyeni nadadayo: Ezinye iintlobo zivelisa i-spongy, izicubu ezizaliswe ngumoya okanye izakhiwo ezikhethekileyo ukuze zidada phezu komhlaba kwaye ziququzelele utshintshiselwano lwegesi.
- Iinkqubo zeengcambu ezilungelelanisiweyo: Ezinye iintlobo ziye zacutha okanye ziguquliwe iingcambu, ngelixa ezinye zivelisa uthungelwano olubanzi ukuze zibambelele kumazantsi athambileyo anodaka.
- Ukunyamezela kwe-Hypoxia: Baye baphuhlisa iindlela zokuphila kumanzi aneoksijini ephantsi, kubandakanywa neengcambu ezinamajelo omoya.
- Iindlela zokuvelisa kwakhona: Uninzi lunokwandiswa ngokulula ngokuqhekeka, iirhizomes okanye imbewu yasemanzini, evumela ukuba zenze iikoloni kwiindawo ezinkulu ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaphaya koko, nangona uninzi lufumaneka kwiindawo ze amanzi amatsha, kukwakho neentlobo ezikhethekileyo ezimelana ne ubutyuwa, njengemithi ye<em>mangrove okanye izityalo zomgxobhozo.
Ukuhlelwa kwezityalo zasemanzini
La ukuhlelwa kwezityalo zasemanzini Inokwahluka ngokweenqobo zebhotani, kodwa ngokubanzi isekelwe kwiqondo lokuntywiliselwa kunye nendawo yayo kwi-ecosystem. Sinokwahlula ubukhulu becala la maqela alandelayo:
- Izityalo ezidadayo: Ziphila ngokukhululekileyo phezu komhlaba, zifunxa izondlo ngokuthe ngqo emanzini, ngaphandle kokufuna ukumilisela ezantsi elwandle. Imizekelo: Salvinia natans, Pistia stratiotes, Lemna minor. Jonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwazo.
- Izityalo eziphantsi kwamanzi: Zivelisa amagqabi, izikhondo, kunye neengcambu ngaphantsi kwamanzi, nangona ngamanye amaxesha zinokuvelisa iintyatyambo okanye izakhiwo zokuzala ezidadayo. Imizekelo: Elodea canadensis, Vallisneria spiralis, Egeria dense. Funda malunga nezityalo ezifaka ioksijini.
- Izityalo ezikhulayo: Iingcambu phantsi, kodwa zibonisa inxalenye ye-morphology yazo (iziqu, amagqabi, kunye neentyatyambo) ngaphezu komgangatho wamanzi. Imizekelo: Cyperus papyrus, Typha latifolia, Iris pseudacorus.
- Umgxobhozo okanye izityalo ezisecaleni komlambo: Bahlala kwiindawo ezinemigxobhozo okanye elunxwemeni lwamanzi, banyamezele izikhukula zethutyana okanye ezisisigxina. Imizekelo: Juncus, Acorus calamus, Phragmites australis.
- Izityalo ezikhupha ioksijini: Umsebenzi wabo oyintloko kukukhulula ioksijini emanzini, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwendalo ephilileyo. Zidla ngokuntywiliselwa emanzini. Imizekelo: Elodea, Ceratophyllum demersum. .
Iqela ngalinye lenza imisebenzi ethile ye-ikholoji kwaye ibalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yendalo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibanise iindidi ezininzi xa usenza amachibi, i-aquariums, okanye amachibi endalo.
Imisebenzi yendalo kunye neenzuzo zezityalo zasemanzini
Izityalo zasemanzini zingamahlakani angenakuphikiswa ekuphuculeni umgangatho wamanzi kunye nokulondoloza iindawo zokuhlala. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yabo ephawulekayo yile:
- Uhluzo lwendalo: Zifunxa izondlo kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo, zinceda ekunciphiseni amanqanaba e-phosphorus kunye ne-nitrogen, izinto ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwe-algae.
- Ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini emanzini: Ngephotosynthesis, zibonelela ngeoksijini ebalulekileyo kwiintlanzi nezinye izinto eziphila emanzini.
- Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokutya: Zibonelela ngendawo yokuhlala kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana ezingenamqolo, iintlanzi, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye neentaka zasemanzini.
- Ukunciphisa ukhukuliseko: Izityalo eziselunxwemeni zinzinzisa umhlaba kunye neebhanki, zithintela ukuguga okubangelwa ngumoya namanzi.
- Ukukhuthazwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo: Ubukho bazo bonyusa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo zezidalwa kuyo nayiphi na i-ecosystem yasemanzini.
Iintlobo eziphambili zezityalo zasemanzini kunye nemizekelo
Izityalo ezidadayo
Zikulungele ukugquma umphezulu wamachibi kunye ne-aquariums, ukudala umthunzi kunye nokuthintela ukukhula okugqithisileyo kwe-algae. Aziyifuni i-substrate okanye iimbiza, njengoko zidada ngokukhululekileyo.
- Salvinia natans: I-fern yasemanzini ekhula ngokukhawuleza, iluncedo kakhulu kulawulo lokukhanya.
- Lemna minor (idada): Amagqabi amancinci adadayo anomthamo omkhulu wokuphindaphinda.
- I-Pistia stratiotes (i lettuce yamanzi): Isityalo sokuhombisa sineengcambu ezinde, ezibhityileyo ezijinga emanzini.
- Phyllanthus fluitans: Ibalasele kumagqabi ayo abomvu kunye nobuhle bayo obungaqhelekanga.
Izityalo ezifakwe emanzini
Ziyi-oksijeni ezigqwesileyo kwaye zinceda ukugcina amanzi ecacileyo. Inkqubo yazo yonke yezityalo iphantsi kwamanzi.
- Cabomba australis: Amagqabi ashinyeneyo, anontsiba, axatyiswa kakhulu ngenxa yempembelelo yawo yokuhombisa kunye ne-oxygen.
- I-Vallisneria spiralis: Amagqabi aqinileyo, akhula ngokukhawuleza, afana neribhoni asetyenziswa kuzo zombini ii-aquariums kunye namachibi.
- Elodea canadensis: Ixhaphake kakhulu kwii-aquariums, ibalasele ngokuqina kwayo kunye namandla okuzala.
- I-Ceratophyllum demersum (umsila wempungutye): Isityalo esingenazingcambu, i-oxygen egqwesileyo kunye noloyiso lwamanzi eutrophic.
- Utricularia vulgaris (lentbular): Sisityalo esityayo esintywiliselwa emanzini okanye esidadayo, esinezabatha ezincinci zokubamba izilwanyana ezincinci zasemanzini ezingenamqolo.
Izityalo ezikhulayo
Ezi ntlobo zineengcambu emazantsi amachibi namachibi, kodwa iindawo zazo zezityalo zinyuka ngaphezu kwamanzi. Uninzi luneentyatyambo ezintle kwaye ziluncedo ekukhuseleni iibhanki.
- Cyperus papyrus (papyrus): Isetyenziswa kakhulu egadini kwaye isaziwa ngokwembali ngokwenza iphepha kumaxesha amandulo.
- UJuncus (ukukhawuleza): Izityalo ezine-cylindrical stems, ezilungele iindawo zomlambo kunye nezinzisi ezilungileyo zomhlaba.
- Typha latifolia (bulrush): Iphawuleka ngezikhonkwane zayo ezimdaka, ezixhathisayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesintu.
- Iris pseudacorus (inyibiba etyheli): Ineentyantyambo ezinkulu ezityheli; igqwesileyo kwiindawo ezinzulu kunye nonxweme lwamachibi nemilambo.
- Ranunculus aquatilis (ibhotolo yamanzi): Idubula ngeentyatyambo ezincinci ezimhlophe kwaye ixhaphake kumanzi angekho nzulu.
Izityalo zomgxobhozo
Ilungelelaniswe ukuhlala kumhlaba onamanzi amaninzi okanye kwinguqu phakathi kokusingqongileyo okusemhlabeni kunye nasemanzini. Bakholisa ukuba neengcambu ezinkulu kwaye banyamezele amaxesha okukhukula kakuhle.
- I-Phragmites australis (ingcongolo): Ngobude obukhulu, yenza iibhedi ezixineneyo zeengcongolo kwiindonga.
- I-Acorus calamus (ivumba elimnandi): Ivumba elimnandi, elisetyenziswa egadini kunye nokusetyenziswa kumayeza esintu.
- I-Equisetum palustre (umsila wehashe): Isityalo esibukeka kwangaphambili esineziqu ezingenanto, ezidibeneyo.
Izityalo ezikhethekileyo ze-oxygenation
- I-Myriophyllum spicatum (amagqabi angamawaka): Intle kwaye ine-branched kakhulu, ivelisa i-oxygenation enzulu kwaye isebenza njengendawo yokusabela kwifry.
- I-Ceratophyllum demersum: Ukongeza kwi-oksijeni, ikhuphisana ne-algae kwaye inqande ukwanda kwabo.
Eminye imizekelo ephawulekayo yezityalo zasemanzini kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kokuhombisa kunye nendalo
- Nelumbo nucifera (lotus): Iintyatyambo zayo ezinkulu kunye namagqabi adadayo adadayo enza ilotus ibe lilitye elihonjisiweyo. Ikwamelana neqabaka epholileyo kwaye iluphawu lobunyulu kwiinkcubeko ezininzi.
- Nymphaea (inyibiba yamanzi): Igqalwa njengokumkanikazi wamachibi ngenxa yeentyatyambo zayo ezinkulu nezinemibalabala, inyibiba yamanzi ihombisa ize ifake ioksijini emanzini, nto leyo ewenza ayimfuneko kwizitiya zamanzi.
- I-Aldrovanda vesiculosa: Isityalo se-carnivorous esidadayo, sihlambulula amanzi ezinambuzane ezincinci kunye nemibungu, inika ibhalansi yezinto eziphilayo.
Iingcebiso zokukhetha kunye nokugcina izityalo zasemanzini
Ukudibanisa izityalo zasemanzini kumadama, i-aquariums, okanye amadama endalo kufuna ukuba kuqwalaselwe izinto ezifana nemozulu, uhlobo lwamanzi (amatsha/ityuwa), i-pH, ubutyuwa, amanqanaba esondlo akhoyo, kunye nokukhanya kwelanga. Ukufezekisa i-ecosystem etyebileyo nesempilweni, gcina ezi ngcebiso engqondweni:
- Khetha iintlobo zendalo nanini na kunokwenzeka, njengoko ziya kuziqhelanisa nemozulu kunye neemeko zasekuhlaleni, ziququzelela uphuhliso lwazo kunye nokukhuthaza ukwahlukana kwezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo.
- Linganisa inani lezityalo, ekubeni ukugqithisa kunokuthintela ukutshintshiselwa kwezondlo kunye nokuvelisa ukuqokelela kwezinto eziphilayo, ngelixa ukunqongophala kuya kunceda ukukhula kwe-algae.
- Gcina i ukuthena rhoqo kunye nokususa inkunkuma yezityalo ukukhusela ukwakhiwa kwenitrogen kunye nokukhula kweebhaktheriya ezinobungozi kunye ne-algae.
- Ilawula i-pH kunye neephosphates amanzi, kuba isityalo ngasinye sineemfuno ezahlukeneyo kwaye, ukuze kuphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo, amaxabiso okusingqongileyo kufuneka alungelelaniswe neemfuno zawo.
- Qwalasela le iimpawu zeentyatyambo kunye nokuzingisa kwamagqabi kuxhomekeke ekubeni ufuna ukonwabela izityalo eziluhlaza unyaka wonke okanye iintyatyambo zonyaka.
Izityalo zasemanzini kumadama endalo kunye negadi
Ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo zasemanzini ekudalweni kwe amachibi endalo iyakhula ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo isihluzo ukungcola kwaye ugcine amanzi ecocekile ngaphandle kwesidingo samachiza. Ukufezekisa oku, kubalulekile ukukhetha ezona ntlobo zifanelekileyo, njengalezo unokuzifumana kuthi isikhokelo kwizityalo zasemanzini zamachibi.
Xa ukhetha iintlobo, zibeke phambili ezo zilungelelaniswe nemozulu kunye ne-pH yamanzi kwindawo yakho. Izityalo ze indawo yokuhlaziya zikholisa ukuba zezona zifanelekileyo, kwaye ukuzidibanisa nezityalo ezidadayo nezingaphantsi kwamanzi kuqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso lwebhayoloji kunye nesibheno sobuhle. Ezinye iintlobo ezicetyiswayo ukuhluzwa kunye nokucoca emanzini zezi: ITypha, Iris pseudacorus, Juncus, Phragmites, Callitriche palustris kunye neCeratophyllum.
Ungalibali ukuba ulondolozo oluchanekileyo Isisiseko: ukuthena nzulu ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka kwaye ulawule ukukhula okugqithisileyo ukunqanda ukuxinana okucutha ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokucoca okanye ukuvelisa ukungalingani kwendalo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neZityalo zasemanzini
- Ngaba zonke zifanelekile kwii-aquariums? Ayizizo zonke izityalo zasemanzini ezifanelekileyo kwi-aquariums; Kubalulekile ukukhetha iintlobo ezinyamezela ukukhanya, indawo, kunye neemeko zobushushu be-aquarium.
- Zisasazeka njani? Ukusasaza kunokuba yimifuno (ngokuqhekeza, i-rhizomes, i-stolons) okanye isondo (imbewu ehluma ngaphantsi kwamanzi).
- Ngaba ziyakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi? Ezinye izityalo zasemanzini zinokumelana namaxesha amafutshane ngaphandle kwamanzi, kodwa uninzi lufuna ukufuma rhoqo okanye iimeko zokutshona ngaphantsi kwamanzi.
- Zeziphi iingenelo abanazo ngaphezu kwezityalo ezisemhlabeni kwindawo ehlala emanzini? Bafaka ioksijini emanzini, izihluzi ezingcolisayo, zibonelela ngekhusi kwizilwanyana zasendle, kwaye zinciphisa umngcipheko wokukhula okungalawulekiyo kwe-algae, zigcina i-ecosystem yasemanzini ilungelelene.
