Ubukho be Izityalo zasemanzini iguqula naliphi na idama libe yindawo yemvisiswano, ubuhle, kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Azisebenzeli nje umsebenzi wokuhombisa, kodwa zibalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yendalo kunye nempilo yedama lakhoEzi ntlobo zibonelela ngeoksijini, zihlambulule amanzi, zilwa nokukhula kwe-algae ngokugqithiseleyo, kwaye ziququzelele indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuveliswa kweentlanzi, i-amphibians, kunye nabanye abantu abahlala emanzini. Ukuba ujonge ukwenza isitiya samanzi esibukekayo nesizinzileyo, khetha i izityalo ezingcono zasemanzini kumachibi Linyathelo lokuqala lokonwabela i-oasis yendalo ehlala ihleli.
Kutheni izityalo zasemanzini zibalulekile kumachibi?
Izityalo zasemanzini zintliziyo yalo naliphi na ichibi. Ngaphaya kobuhle ababubonelela ngoburhabaxa kunye nemibala yabo, zisebenza njengezihluzi zendalo zebhayoloji, ziphucula umgangatho wamanzi, kwaye zibonelela ngesakhiwo esibalulekileyo se-ecosystem. Imisebenzi yabo ephambili ibandakanya:
- Ukukhutshwa kweoksijini emanzini: Kubalulekile ukugcina amanqanaba aphezulu e-oksijini enyibilikileyo, ukuququzelela ubomi beentlanzi kunye ne-microorganisms eziluncedo.
- Umthunzi kunye nolawulo lwe-thermal: Amagqabi awo akhusela amanzi kwilanga eligqats’ ubhobhoyi, athomalalise amaqondo obushushu kwaye ancede ekuthinteleni ukutshisa.
- Ukulawulwa kwe-algaeNgokufunxa izondlo nokuthintela ukukhanya kwelanga, zinciphisa ukukhula kobulembu obungafunwayo.
- Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokutya: Zibonelela ngeendawo ezikhuselekileyo zokuzalela kunye nekhusi leentlanzi, kwakunye nokutya okuthe ngqo nokungangqalanga kubemi abaninzi bamachibi.
- Ukuthintela ukhukulisekoIingcambu zonxweme kunye nezityalo zomgxobhozo zizinzisa imida yamachibi kwaye zinciphisa umngcipheko wokhukuliseko.
Idama elityalwe kakuhle limele a i-ecosystem elungeleleneyo apho ubuhle kunye nokusebenza kuhamba kunye.
Iindidi zezityalo zasemanzini zamachibi
Ukwahlukana kwezityalo zasemanzini kukhulu kakhulu, ngasinye silungelelaniswe kwindawo eyahlukileyo, umsebenzi, kunye nobunzulu ngaphakathi kwedama elinye. Ukwenza imeko-bume eyomelelayo nenomtsalane, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibanise uninzi lwezi ndidi zilandelayo:
1. Izityalo ezidadayo
Las izityalo ezidadayo Zikhula ngokukhululekileyo phezu kwamanzi ngaphandle kokufuna ukumila, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuzilawula. Zikulungele ukubonelela ngomthunzi, ukulawula ukushisa, kunye nokufunxa ngokukhawuleza izondlo ezinyibilikayo, ezinceda ukulwa nokukhula kwe-algae. Iingcambu zazo ezijingayo zibonelela ngekhusi kunye neendawo zokuzalela iintlanzi kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini.
- Azolla caroliniana: Bagubungela ngokukhawuleza umphezulu, umthunzi wabo ukhawulela i-algae eluhlaza kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi.
- I-Eichhornia crassipes (ihyacinth yamanzi): Ineziqu ezimfumamfuma kunye neentyatyambo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngelavenda, iyahombisa kwaye iyasebenza njengesihluzo sendalo kunye ne-oxygen.
- IHydrocharis morsus-ranae (water buttercup): Amagqabi awo afana nenyibiba yamanzi amancinci kwaye avelisa iintyatyambo ezithambileyo ezimhlophe.
- Lemna encinci (idada): Inwenwela njengekhaphethi eluhlaza phezu kwamanzi, ayinyangeki kwaye ivalela ukukhanya, ikhusela ubulembu.
- Iipistia stratiotes (i-lettuce yamanzi): Amagqabi erozi aluhlaza aluhlaza, ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye nangona ingenazo iintyatyambo eziqaqambileyo, inika umthunzi nekhusi.
- ISalvinia natans kunye neSalvinia auriculata: Iifern zamanzi ezinoboya, zilula ukulawula, kunye ne-shades ukusuka eluhlaza ukuya kwimfusa.
- Ii-aloides zeStratiotes (iphayinapile lamanzi): Amagqabi atsolo nanameva, adubula ehlotyeni ngeentsimbi ezimhlophe.
Ezi ntlobo ziluncedo kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukubeka iliso ekukhuleni kwazo, njengoko zinokuthi zihlasele. Akufunekanga ubavumele bagubungele ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha somphezulu wechibi ukuvumela ukutshintshiselana ngegesi kunye nokukhanya kwezinye izityalo.
2. Izityalo ezikhupha ioksijini okanye ngaphantsi kwamanzi
Las izityalo zokungenisa umoya Zihlala ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Ngamahlakani abalulekileyo okugcina amanzi ecwengile kwaye eneoksijini, njengoko efunxa izondlo ezinyityilisiweyo kwaye akhuphisane ne-algae. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zixatyiswe kakhulu zezi:
- ICeratophyllum demersum (i-foxtail): Ayinangcambu, idada ngokukhululekileyo, kwaye imelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Amagqabi awo ashinyeneyo abonelela ngeoksijini kunye nekhusi kwifry kunye neentlanzi ezincinci.
- elodea canadensis: Ikhula ngokukhawuleza, yindawo entle yokuhlala nokutya, kunye nokubonelela ngeoksijini eninzi.
- IVallisneria gigantea kunye neVallisneria tortifolia: Ngamagqabi afana neribhoni, afanelekile kumachibi amakhulu. Zikhetha ubushushu obuphakathi kwaye zomelele.
- I-Myriophyllum yasemanzini (isundu samanzi): Isiqu eside nesithambileyo, simelana nomthunzi, kodwa kufuneka silawulwe ngenxa yobume baso obuhlaselayo.
- Ranunculus aquatilis (water buttercup): Iintyatyambo ezimhlophe kumagqabi antywiliselweyo, alungele amanzi amileyo.
- Hornwort: Isebenza kakhulu njengesihluzo sendalo kunye ne-oxygenator egqwesileyo.
Ngokufanelekileyo, beka izityalo ezi-oxygen ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu ngemitha yesikwere yomhlaba, ukhumbule ukuba ukukhula kwazo kunokukhawuleza kakhulu, okudinga ukuthenwa ngamaxesha.
3. Amanzi anzulu kunye nezityalo ezivelelayo
Ezi zityalo zineengcambu ezibambelele ezantsi, kodwa amagqabi kunye neentyatyambo zazo ziphuma phezu kwamanzi okanye zidada ngaphezulu. Imisebenzi yazo ephambili kukubonelela ngomthunzi nombala, nokusebenza njengendawo yokuzimela izilwanyana zasendle; ziphawuleka ngokukodwa ngexabiso lazo lokuhombisa.
- nymphaea (Inyibiba yamanzi): Ezona ntyatyambo zibalaseleyo, ezidadayo, ezinemibala emininzi. Amagqabi ayo ajikelezayo enza umthunzi kwaye agcine amanzi epholile.
- UNelumbo nucifera (lotus): Iintyatyambo ezimangalisayo, zifanekisela ubunyulu nobumoya. Zikhetha amachibi anelanga kwaye zidinga indawo ukuze zikhule.
- I-Nuphar lutea (yellow water lily): Intyatyambo etyheli, iyaxhathisa kwaye ikhula ngamandla.
- Inyibiba yamanzi (Iris pseudacorus): Iintyatyambo eziqaqambileyo ezityheli kunye namagqabi amade. Ilungele inguqu phakathi kwamanzi nomhlaba.
4. Unxweme kunye nezityalo zomgxobhozo
Las izityalo eziselunxwemeni kunye iipalustres Zikhula kwiindawo ezingenzulwanga apho amanzi agqume ngokuyinxenye iingcambu zazo, edala inguqu egudileyo, yendalo phakathi kwengca kunye nedama. Ziyimfuneko ekuzinziseni imiphetho kunye nokufihla izinto ezenziweyo.
- UTypha latifolia (i-bulrush okanye i-bulrush): Izikhondo ezinde kunye nezikhonkwane ezimdaka ezihombisa kakhulu.
- Carex muskingumensis kunye Carex pendula: Ingca ekhula ngokuthe nkqo kunye namagqabi amahle.
- ICyperus papyrus (papyrus): Izikhondo ezinde namagqabi amile okwenkwenkwezi. Iqinile kakhulu kwaye inexabiso elikhulu lokuhombisa.
- Minti yasemanzini: Amagqabi anevumba elimnandi, alungele imida kunye neendawo ezifumileyo.
- I-arvense ye-Equisetum (umsila wehashe): Iziqu ezidibeneyo kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokukhula.
- Iprimula rosea: Iintyatyambo ezipinki kwindawo ezifumileyo.
- I-Acorus calamus (aromatic calamus): Amagqabi amade, anevumba elimnandi, anika ukubanjwa okungaqhelekanga.
- UIris sibirica, uIris laevigata: Iintyatyambo ezinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nemfusa, zilungele unxweme lomlambo.
Ezi ntlobo ziyakwazi ukuhlala ngaphantsi kwamanzi ixesha elithile lonyaka, kodwa ziphinda zivele xa umgangatho wamanzi uhla. Zikhulise kumhlaba ofumileyo kwaye ulawule ukusasazeka kwezona ndidi zihlaselayo.
Indlela yokukhetha ezona zityalo zasemanzini ezifanelekileyo kwidama lakho
Ukukhetha indibaniselwano egqibeleleyo kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ubukhulu kunye nobunzulu bedama, la ukubonakaliswa kwelanga, i mozulu yendawo kunye ne ukuhambelana neentlobo zezilwanyana ezikhoyo. Amanye amacebiso asebenzayo:
- Dibanisa iintlobo zezityalo: Kubandakanya ukudada, i-oxygen, yavela kunye ne-riparian ukufikelela kwi-biological balance.
- Musa ukulayisha kakhulu ngezityalo ezidadayo: Hlala kwisiqingatha somphezulu kunye nabo, ukuvumela ukukhanya ukufikelela kwiindawo ezinzulu.
- Lawula iintlobo ezihlaselayo: Yazisa imimiselo yendawo ngeentlobo ezithile ezinokuthi zithintelwe.
- Thatha ingqalelo amazinga okukhula: Izityalo ezivelisa ioksijini kunye nezityalo ezidadayo zikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa iinyibiba zamanzi kunye nelotus zifuna umonde kodwa zinika ubuhle obukhulu.
- Khetha iintlobo ezixhathisayo Kwabaqalayo: Ihyacinth yamanzi, iVallisneria, umsila wempungutye, okanye iinyibiba zamanzi ziindlela zolondolozo oluphantsi.
Iindawo zokutyala ngaphakathi kwedama
Idama eliyilwe kakuhle kufuneka usasaze izityalo ngokobunzulu ukufikelela inguqu phakathi kwengca kunye namanzi, lo gama egquma iindawo ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zamachibi: iindawo zokutyala:
- Umda okanye indawo eselunxwemeniJikela idama ngezityalo ezinyamezela umhlaba ofumileyo kodwa kunganyanzelekanga ukuba ube namanzi, njenge-Iris, iAcorus, kunye ne-Water Mint.
- eMarshland: Ifumaneka kwiisentimitha zokuqala zamanzi, kunye nemigxobhozo efana neTypha, Carex okanye i-Equisetum.
- Indawo enamanzi angekho nzulu: Izityalo ukuya kwi-15 cm ubunzulu, njengePrimula rosea okanye ingca encinci.
- Ummandla ophakathi kwamanzi: Ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-40 cm ubunzulu, ilungele iinyibiba zamanzi kunye nezinye ii-oxygen.
- indawo enzulu: Ngaphezulu kwe-40 cm ubunzulu, apho iinyibiba zamanzi, i-lotus kunye ne-oksijeni enkulu efana ne-Vallisneria ikhula kakuhle.
- Indawo engaphezulu: Izityalo ezidadayo simahla ezifana nepistia, ihyacinth yamanzi kunye nesalvinia zidada apha.
Ngokubeka isityalo ngasinye ngokoluhlu olufanelekileyo, impilo kunye nokukhula kwayo kwanda, kunye ne ibhalansi yebhayiloji yechibi igcinwa ngokwemvelo.
Ukhathalelo ngokubanzi lwezityalo zasemanzini echibini
Ukukhula kwezityalo zasemanzini echibini akukho nzima kakhulu, kodwa kufuna izilumkiso ezimbalwa. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokukhula kwezityalo zasemanzini, nceda undwendwele iphepha lethu Iingcebiso zokugcina izityalo zasemanzini.
- Isiseko: Sebenzisa imixube enzima, enodongwe evumela ingcambu elungileyo kwaye ithintele ukusasazeka emanzini. Ziphephe izichumiso ezingezizo ezodwa.
- Ukukhanya: Uninzi lwezityalo zasemanzini zifuna ilanga elininzi. Khetha iintlobo ezikwazi ukunyamezela umthunzi ukuba idama lakho lifumana ukukhanya okuncinci kwelanga.
- Ukuchumisa: Faka izichumisi ezilulwelo ezithile entlakohlaza okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Kuphephe ukufaka isichumiso ngokugqithisileyo ukunqanda izikhonkwane zezondlo ezithanda i-algae.
- Ulawulo lokuthena nokukhula: Susa amagqabi abunile kunye neentyatyambo ngamaxesha kwaye ulawule ukusasazeka kweentlobo ezihlaselayo ukugcina ukuhambelana kwechibi.
- Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kunye nezifo: Nangona kunqabile, ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zinokuchatshazelwa ziinkumba, iintwala okanye umngundo. Susa iindawo ezonakeleyo ngesandla kwaye usebenzise iimveliso zebhayoloji kuphela xa kuyimfuneko.
- Ukuhlaziya kunye nokucoca: Ngamaxesha athile, hlaziya amanye amanzi kwaye ucoce umzantsi wedama lezityalo ezifileyo.
- Imilinganiselo yamanzi: Gcina i-pH, ubulukhuni, kunye namanqanaba ezondlo phakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo lwezityalo kunye nefauna. Ukusetyenziswa kwezihluzi kunye ne-aerators kuyacetyiswa kumachibi amakhulu.
Izityalo zasemanzini ezikhuselekileyo nezilungele izilwanyana echibini
Ukuba ichibi lakho lihlala iintlanzi, iifudu okanye ezinye izilwanyana zasekhaya, kubalulekile ukukhetha izityalo non-ityhefu kwaye iyahambelanaEzinye iintlobo ezicetyiswa ngokubanzi zezi:
- Inyibiba yamanzi kunye nelotus: Zinika umthunzi nekhusi, kwaye azidli ngokuba yityhefu kwiintlanzi okanye kumasele.
- I-Duckweed, i-foxtail, i-salvinia, kunye ne-hyacinth yamanziAzibeki ngozi; ezininzi zezi zityalo zisebenza njengokutya okanye ikhusi.
- Inyibiba yamanzi, i-Acorus calamus, e-Equisetum: : Ukuxhathisa kwaye ngaphandle kweengxaki zokuhambelana neentlanzi eziqhelekileyo.
Ziphephe iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezinokuba netyhefu ukuba unezilwanyana ezifuywayo ezinomdla, kwaye soloko ujonga ukuba ikhuselekile na kubemi bakho bechibi elithile.
Ukudibanisa izityalo zokulinganisela kunye nedama elihle
Isihluthulelo sechibi elihlala ixesha elide nelinomtsalane kukulungelelanisa umsebenzi kunye nobuhleUmzekelo wendibaniselwano ehambelanayo kulo naliphi na isiziba iya kuba:
- Inyibiba emhlophe kunye nepinki yamanzi kwiziko kunye nommandla onzulu.
- Ilotus kunye neenyibiba zamanzi kwiindawo ezinelanga kakhulu.
- I-Foxtail kunye neVallisneria njenge-oksijini kwiindawo ezinzulu ezahlukeneyo.
- I-Azolla, i-salvinia kunye ne-duckweed ezidada kwindawo ezisezantsi.
- I-Cyperus papyrus, iTypha kunye neCarex kwiperimeter ukunika ukuphakama kunye nokuzinzisa imiphetho.
- Ezinye isityalo esinevumba elimnandi njengeminti yamanzi ukongeza iindidi kunye nokugxotha izinambuzane ezithile.
Le ndibaniselwano inikezela umthunzi, i-oxygen, umbala kunye nekhusi, ukugubungela onke amanqanaba echibi kunye nokunceda ukuba uhlale ucocekile kwaye usempilweni ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neZityalo zasemanzini zamachibi
Luluphi ukhathalelo olufunwa zizityalo zasemanzini unyaka wonke?
Uninzi lweentlobo zifuna ukugcinwa okusebenzayo entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, xa zikhula ngamandla. Ekwindla, kufuneka ususe amaqabunga afileyo kwaye ulungiselele izityalo ezithintekayo kubanda. Ebusika, kungcono ukunciphisa ukuthenwa, ukususa izityalo ezidadayo ezingaphezulu, kwaye ujonge imeko yeengcambu.
Zingaphi izityalo ekufuneka ndizifake echibini lam?
Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani, kodwa njengesikhokelo:
- 3-5 oxygenators nganye square metre.
- Ukuba ezo zidadayo zingawugqumi ngaphezu kwe-50% yomphezulu.
- Isityalo esinye samanzi anzulu (inyibiba yamanzi/ilotus) kwisikwere semitha kwindawo esembindini.
- Umda onama-trowels kunye nonxweme ukufezekisa inguqu yendalo.
Zeziphi ezona zityalo zasemanzini kulula ukuzikhathalela?
- I-duckweed kunye ne-hyacinth yamanzi: Zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zifuna ingqalelo encinci.
- I-Foxtail kunye neVallisneria: Ilungele abaqalayo ngenxa yobunzima babo.
- Iinyibiba zamanzi eziqinileyo: Nangona zikhula kancinane, ziphila iminyaka emininzi.
- Inyibiba yamanzi: Inyamezela kakhulu iimeko eziguquguqukayo.
Uzithintela njani izityalo ezidadayo ekubeni zingenelele?
Susa ukugqithisa ngokwakho rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbalwa kwaye ujonge ukuhamba kwezondlo emanzini. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, nciphisa indawo engaphezulu kunye nezithintelo ezidadayo okanye iibhasikithi ezikhethekileyo. Khumbula ukujonga imimiselo yendawo malunga neentlobo ezithintelweyo.
Yintoni endiyidingayo ukuze ndityale izityalo zasemanzini kwiingobozi?
Sebenzisa iingobozi ezithile zamachibi, i-substrate yodongwe, kwaye ugubungele umphezulu ngegrabile ukukhusela i-substrate ekunyibilikeni. Tyala i-rhizomes okanye iingcambu kwaye uzifake kwindawo efanelekileyo. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukulawula nokusasaza ngokutsha izityalo.
Ngaba izityalo zasemanzini zinokuphila kumachibi amancinci okanye ezimbizeni?
Ewe, ezininzi iintlobo ziqhelanisa neendawo ezincinci, ezifana nezitya okanye amachibi amancinci, nje ukuba zifumana ukukhanya, amanzi acocekileyo kunye ne-substrate efanelekileyo. Khetha iintlobo ezixineneyo ukulawula ukukhula ngakumbi.
