El Umthi wexilongo o IBrugmansia Sihlahla okanye umthi omncinci obukekayo, odume ngawo iintyatyambo ezijingayo Ubume bexilongo kunye nevumba lalo langokuhlwa. Eyosapho Solanaceae kwaye inxulumene nodidi lweDatura, idibanisa iintlobo ezisuka kuyo Mesoamerica kunye nommandla we-AndeanEkulimeni, inokufikelela phakathi 3 kunye ne-7 yeemitha emhlabeni (ngaphantsi kweembiza), nge amagqabi amakhulu kwaye ithambile ukubamba kunye neentyatyambo ze I-15 ukuya kwi-30 cm kwimithunzi emhlophe, ekhrimu, emthubi, e-orenji, epinki, okanye ebomvu. Sisityalo esinempembelelo enkulu yokuhlobisa, kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula oko Onke amalungu ayo anetyhefu xa etyiwe.
Ukuchongwa kunye neempawu zebhotani
IiBrugmansias zenza iqela le izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza okanye ezihlala ziluhlaza kuxhomekeke kwimozulu. Bayabonisa amagqabi atshintshanayo, rhoqo oval kunye nemithambo-luvo ephawulweyo, kunye neentyatyambo eziqala entlakohlaza ziye ekwindla ngamaza alandelelanayo. Ngokungafaniyo noDatura, kabani iintyatyambo zime nkqo kunye neziqhamo ezinameva, e Brugmansia i iintyatyambo zilengalenga kwaye iziqhamo zidla ngokuba mpuluswa. Phakathi kweentlobo ezilinywayo, ezi zilandelayo zibalaseleyo: IBrugmansia arborea, Brugmansia aurea, IBrugmansia suaveolens, Brugmansia sanguinea y Brugmansia ngokuchaseneyo, kunye nemixube emininzi.
Indawo, ukukhanya kunye nobushushu
Indawo efanelekileyo inikezela ukukhanya okuninzi kunye nelanga elithambileyoKwimozulu epholileyo, iyachuma ilanga elipheleleyo; kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu kuyacetyiswa isiqingatha somthunzi ngeeyure ezisembindini ukuphepha uxinzelelo lwamanzi y Ukutsha. Luhlobo lwemozulu epholileyo: ngezantsi 5 ºC uyabandezeleka, kwaye iqabaka yonakalisa kakhulu. Kwiindawo ezibandayo, ikhuliswa imbiza yeentyatyambo ubusika ngaphakathi endlini. Uluhlu lweqondo lokushisa olukhululekile, njengesikhokelo, phakathi 18 kunye nama-28 ºC, ngobusuku obupholileyo obuthanda i ukufakwa kweentyatyambo.
Ifuna umgangatho isityebi kwizinto eziphilayo, nzulu kwaye ikhutshiwe kakuhle egcina ubutsha obuthile ngaphandle kokugcwala kwamanzi. Umxube wembiza osebenzayo: 50% umhlaba wegadi okanye i-universal substrate, 30% umgquba okanye i-peat kunye ne-20% isanti erhabaxa okanye iperlite. Uyayixabisa i-pH iasidi kancinane ukuya kokungathathi hlangothi. Kwisikhongozeli, tshintshela ngamnye I-1-2 iminyaka kwimbiza inani elikhulu, ngokukhethekileyo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo; kwimizekelo emikhulu, hlaziya i I-30% ye-substrate phezulu ukuba utshintsho lwezikhongozeli alunakwenzeka.
I-Brugmansias idla amanzi amaninzi ngexesha lexesha elisebenzayo. Emhlabeni, sebenzisa ukunkcenkceshela nzulu ezifunxa iprofayile yengcambu kunye nendawo ngokwemozulu kunye nobume (njengesikhokelo, 1 ukunkcenkceshela ngeveki entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni kwimozulu epholileyo, ukwanda ngamaza obushushu). Kwiimbiza, umthamo we-substrate uphelelwe ngokukhawuleza: amanzi xa iisentimitha ezimbalwa zokuqala ziziva zomile, enokubakho yonke imihla okanye zonke iintsuku ezi-2 phakathi kwehlobo. Ziphephe ukugcwala kwamanzi ixesha elide Ukunqanda ukubola kweengcambu.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, oku kulandelayo kusebenza kakuhle kakhulu: iingxowa zokunkcenkceshela okanye iinkqubo zokuthontsiza kancinane ezikhupha amanzi kwiiyure ezininzi, zinciphisa ilahleko ngenxa yokubaleka nokuphuma komphunga nokugcina ibhalbhu imanzi rhoqo. Kwiindawo zangaphakathi ezishushu kakhulu okanye iipati, oku kunokuba luncedo. fafaza amagqabi ngamanzi angenayo ikalika ngamaxesha obushushu obukhulu, ukuphepha ukumanzisa iintyatyambo ukuthintela ibhotile.
Ukuchumisa kunye nokuvuselela iintyatyambo
Sisityalo se Ukutya okuphezulu yezondlo. Ngexesha lasentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, ibonelela nganye Iintsuku ezingama-15-20 isichumiso ulungelelene (umzekelo, 15-15-15 okanye 20-20-20) kwidosi ephakathi, etshintshanayo izilungiso eziphilayo (umgquba okanye i-humus) ukuxhasa i-substrate. Ukugqithisa kweetyuwa okanye umdlalo ayiphuculi iintyatyambo kwaye inokungalingani kwisondlo; beka phambili rhoqo yesichumiso kunye nokunkcenkceshela okulungileyo. Ukuphucula iintyatyambo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane njani ukukhathalela iintyatyambo ezidubula ebusuku.
I-Brugmansias iyaqhakaza kwi ukukhula okuvelayo ngaphezulu kwe Y amasebe. Ukuba isityalo siselula okanye sithenwe ngaphantsi kwezi folokhwe, kungathatha ixesha ukuqalisa ukudubula. Gcina i ukukhanya okuzinzileyo kunye nomjikelo wobushushu, ngobusuku obupholileyo kancinane, ithanda amaza eentyatyambo ukususela ekupheleni kwentlakohlaza ukusa ekwindla.
Kwizityalo eziselula, khokela i-trunk ekuphakameni okufunayo kwaye ukhuthaze ezimbini okanye ezintathu amasebe aphambili iqhelaniswe kakuhle. Ukusikwa kufuneka kwenziwe kwi 0,5-1 cm ngaphezu kwehlumela okanye isebe elisecaleni elijonge ngaphandle, liphakamisa i-canopy elungeleleneyo. Sebenzisa izixhobo bulala iintsholongwane ukuphepha izifo.
Ukukhula kwiimbiza kunye nezinto zangaphakathi ezikhanyayo
Kwiindawo ezibandayo okanye iipatio zasezidolophini, ukulima kwi isitya esikhulu lolona khetho lungcono. Khetha iimbiza ze 25-40cm ububanzi (kwaye inkulu njengoko ikhula), inemingxuma emininzi ngaphakathi inkqubo yogutyulo. Yibeke apho ifumana khona iiyure ezininzi zokukhanya kwelanga ukukhanya okuthe ngqo kunye nokuqina imini yonke. Lawula ngokungqongqo i ukunkcenkceshela (rhoqo kakhulu ehlotyeni) kunye ne Umbhalisi Rhoqo. Ngexesha lasebusika, nciphisa kakhulu ukunkcenkceshela, gcina ukukhanya okulungileyo, kwaye ukhusele kubanda.
Ukuphindaphinda
Yandisa ngo iinqumle zesemi-wood ehlotyeni okanye ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, usebenzisa iihomoni ze-rooting kunye ne-aerated substrate. Kuyenzeka ukuba ungene amanzi ezinye iinqumlo, ukutshintshwa xa iingcambu ezihambelanayo zivela. Nangona kungekho nzima kwizandla ezinamava, kunokuba nzima ethambileyo kubantu abangafundanga gcina ukufuma ngaphandle kokubola. Ukulinywa nge imbewu Iyakwazi ukusebenza, kodwa izithole zithatha ixesha elide ukudubula, kuba kufuneka zibe ngowokuqala Y.
Izinambuzane, izifo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo
Kwiimeko ezishushu nezomileyo, zingabonakala Isigcawu esibomvu y Impukane emhlophe; nazo eziqhelekileyo zi ntwala kumahlumelo amathenda. Jonga i ngaphantsi kwamagqabi kwaye baqeshe amanyathelo adibeneyo: iishawa, imigibe yechromatic, isepha yepotassium okanye ioyile yeparafini ngamaxesha avumelekileyo. I ukunqongophala kwamanzi kubangela ukuhla, iintyatyambo ezincinci okanye i-bud drop; ukugqithisa kukhokelela kwi-chlorosis kunye nomngcipheko woku ukubola. Kwiindawo zangaphakathi ezomileyo kakhulu, iphucula i ukufuma kunye nokungenisa umoya ukunciphisa izinambuzane.
Ubuthi kunye nokhuseleko
Onke amalungu aqulathe tropane alkaloids (ezifana ne-scopolamine kunye ne-atropine) zinokuba yingozi. Ayisiso isityalo esifanelekileyo igadi nabantwana okanye izilwanyana ezithanda ukuluma. Hlala usebenza kunye iiglovesKuphephe ukubamba amehlo okanye umlomo xa usebenza, kwaye uhlambe izandla zakho emva kokubamba. Musa ukuginya nayiphi na inxalenye yemveliso okanye usebenzise amalungiselelo enziwe ekhaya ngeenjongo zonyango.
Sebenzisa kwigadi kunye noyilo
Njengomzekelo bebodwa engceni, phezu amaqela okanye ecaleni kwe-a udonga olukhuselweyo, I-Brugmansia izisa ubukho bethiyetha. Ilungele ithala kunye neepatios embizeni enkulu, apho unokuyonwabela khona isiqholo ekutshoneni kwelanga. Yibeke kwiindawo zokuhamba ukuze ubone ivumba layo, kodwa kude neendawo zokudlala. Idibanisa kakuhle kunye amahlahla amagqabi xinene kwaye zikhupha ekwazi ukumelana nomthunzi kunye nomhlaba otyebileyo.
Umahluko kunye neDatura kunye nento ebizwa ngokuba ngumthi wexilongo iCatalpa
Nangona zihlobene, Datura y IBrugmansia Azifani. I-Datura iqhelekile imifuno, ngeentyatyambo nkqo kunye neziqhamo inameva; IBrugmansia yiyo ityholwana okanye i-arborescent, eneentyantyambo ipendants kwaye ngokubanzi iziqhamo ezigudileyo. Ukongeza, kukho enye ukudideka kunye ne ICatalpa, umthi wentsapho yeBignoniaceae abanye abathi ngumthi wexilongo: unawo amagqabi amile okwentliziyo, i-inflorescences yembonakalo ehluke kakhulu kwaye iyanyamezela ingqele ephakathi. Ukunyamekela kweCatalpa kuyahluka (umthi womthunzi omkhulu), ngelixa iBrugmansia ifuna ngaphezulu ukhuseleko lwasebusika kunye nolawulo lweembiza kwiindawo ezibandayo.
Imvelaphi kunye nembali yenkcubeko
I-Brugmansia ivela kuyo Iindawo zaseAndean kunye nemimandla eyingqongileyo, apho isetyenziswe khona amasiko kunye neearhente zemithi zemveli. Ubuthi bayo obunamandla buchaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwembali kumayeza kunye nobungozi bokusetyenziswa kakubi. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo eMelika, kuye kwachazwa iimpawu ezingcwele, kwaye ingxelo yakhe ye-ethnobotanical inika umdla njengoko ifundisa: akufunekanga ityiwe phantsi kweemeko ngaphandle kwendawo yeklinikhi kunye nokulawulwayo.
Nabani na owukhulisayo ufumanisa isityalo esikwaziyo ukuguqula ipatio okanye igadi ibe yindawo imbonakalo emnandi nenomtsalane. Kunye ukukhanya okuhle, ukunkcenkceshelwa nzulu ngaphandle kokukhukula; ababhalisile rhoqo, ukuthenwa ngentlonipho kunye noY kwaye kufanelekile ukukhuselwa kwingqele, uMthi weXilongo uvuza ngeentyatyambo ezinde kunye nobukho obunzima ukuhambelana.