IiChrysanthemums Zezinye zezona zityalo zixatyiswayo kakhulu kuzo iintyatyambo ezintle, imibala yayo emininzi kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo, zombini kwi iimbiza njengasegadiniUbukho babo buzalisa nayiphi na indawo ngovuyo kunye nobuhle, ngaphandle kokufuna ukhathalelo olunzima kakhulu. Ngaba uyafuna ukufunda indlela yokugcina iichrysanthemums zibukeka zisempilweni kwaye ziqhakaza ixesha elide? Fumanisa yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokulinywa kwabo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokhathalelo lwabo apha, kubandakanya amacebiso angcono kunye nezenzo ezivunywe ziingcali kunye namava abalimi abasafunda kunye nabaziigadi abaziingcali.
Ziziphi iichrysanthemums kwaye kutheni zithandwa kakhulu?
Ichrysanthemum, igama lesayensi Chrysanthemum spp., yeyosapho lwe-Asteraceae kunye namaqela ngaphezu Iintlobo ezingama-30 ezingapheliyo ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zeemilo, imibala kunye nobukhulu. Inzalelwane yaseAsia, ihlonelwa ngakumbi kumazwe anjengeTshayina neJapan, apho ifanekisela ulonwabo, ubomi obude kunye nokuchuma. Nangona kwiindawo ezininzi inxulunyaniswa nemibhiyozo enikezelwe kwabafileyo, i-chrysanthemum idlula olu setyenziso ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kokuhombisa kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo. iipropathi zamayeza yaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.
Iintyatyambo ze-chrysanthemums Ziyahluka kwi-morphology yazo: zinokuba zilula, zifana ne-daisy, ezifana ne-anemone, i-tubular, i-pompom, i-curved, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi. Imibala iqala kumhlophe, tyheli, ipinki, mfusa, orenji, obomvu, kunye neetoni ezimbini okanye ezimnyama zemahogany. Ubungakanani bazo bunokusuka kwi-30 cm embizeni ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-1,5 yeemitha kumhlaba ochumileyo wegadi.
Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zechrysanthemum
- AmaSpredishithi: I-Lobed, inamazinyo okanye irhabaxa, ngamanye amaxesha igqunywe ngumgubo omhlophe.
- Iintyatyambo: Kade, ikakhulu ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwiindidi kunye nendawo.
- YamaRoma: Ezinye iintlobo zikhupha i-perfume epholileyo.
- Ubungakanani: Ukusuka kwi-30-60 cm kwiimbiza, ukuya kwi-1,5 yeemitha kumhlaba wegadi.
- Ubutyebi beChromatic: Izithunzi ezisuka kumhlophe qwa ukuya kobomvu kakhulu, zidlula kumthubi, iililacs kunye nepinki.
- Usebenzisa: Ukuhlobisa, amayeza kunye njengoko egxotha yendalo ngokuchasene nezinambuzane ezinjengeempukane neembovane.
Iintlobo kunye neentlobo ze-chrysanthemums
Kukho amakhulu eentlobo ze-chrysanthemums, kodwa ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo kwaye zidumileyo onokuzifumana kwii-nursery zezi:
- Lula: Amagqabi acwangciswe ngokwemigangatho enye okanye emibini ejikeleze iziko elibambeneyo. Ifana kakhulu nedaisy.
- Ianemone: I-corollas ehonjisiweyo enemibala emininzi, ngokuqhelekileyo i-10 cm ububanzi.
- Iphindiwe: Amagqabi ajikelwe embindini, enza uhlobo lwecephe.
- Abaphakathi: Amagqabi abonisa i-stamens esembindini, umxube omnye kunye nophindwe kabini.
- Igophe: Imilo yeglobhosi; iipetali ezigobileyo ukuya embindini.
- Ipompom: Iintyatyambo ezixinene kakhulu kwaye ezijikelezileyo, ezidumileyo kwiintyatyambo.
- Ligules: I-tubular petals kuwo onke amacala, afana nemilenze yesigcawu.
Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhanya, ubushushu kunye nendawo
El chrysanthemum Ikhula kakuhle kwiindawo eziqaqambileyo, kodwa Ukukhanya okuthe ngqo kwelanga kufuneka kuphetshwe, ngakumbi ngexesha lexesha eliphakathi kwemini okanye ngexesha lamaza okushisa. Kucetyiswa ukuba uzibeke kwiindawo ze semi-isithunzi, ngakumbi ukuba uhlala kwimimandla enehlobo elishushu, okanye ufumana ilanga lasekuseni kunye nokukhanya okungathanga ngqo imini yonke. Bafuna ubuncinci beeyure ezi-6-8 zokukhanya kwemihla ngemihla ukuze ziqhakaze kakhulu.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiqondo lokushisa, iindawo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu phakathi 13°C kunye ne-18°C Kwiintlobo ezininzi, i-chrysanthemums inyamezela amaqondo okushisa apholileyo, kodwa ayinyamezeli iqabaka eqinile okanye ibanda kakhulu. Ukuba zingaphandle kwaye imozulu ibanda kakhulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuthenwe. Khusela ingcambu ngokugquma ngeendiza, amagqabi omileyo okanye amasebeIimbiza zinokufuduselwa ngaphakathi okanye zisiwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo buvelisa iintyatyambo ezibuthathaka kunye namagqabi aluhlaza, logama ingqele egqithisileyo inokubangela amachokoza abomvu okanye apinki emagqabini nakwiziqu.
I-substrate efanelekileyo kunye nomhlaba we-chrysanthemums
El isiseko kuba chrysanthemums kufuneka ukuba isityebi kwizinto eziphilayo, ikhululekile kwaye inemijelo egqwesileyo. Umhlaba oxineneyo okanye ongakhutshwanga kakuhle ubeka phambili ekuboleni kweengcambu kunye nezinye iingxaki zokungunda. Kucetyiswa ukuxuba i-substrate yesityalo kunye ne-peat, i-compost evuthiweyo okanye esinye isichumisi sendalo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba I-pH ineasidi kancinane (phakathi kwe-5,5 kunye ne-6,5).
Ebhodweni, sebenzisa isikhongozeli esingama-20-25 cm ububanzi, sinemingxuma yokuhambisa amanzi kunye nomaleko wegrabile okanye i-perlite emazantsi ukuze kube lula ukukhupha amanzi amaninzi. Ukutshintsha imbiza okanye umhlaba rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu kukhuthaza amandla ezityalo kwaye kuthintele izinambuzane nezifo eziqhubekayo.
Ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokufuma: izitshixo zechrysanthemum enempilo
Ukunkcenkceshela yeyona nto ibalulekileyo Ukulima ngempumelelo i-chrysanthemum, kufuneka ugcine umhlaba. ihlala ifumile kodwa ayinamanziUmgaqo oluncedo kukumanzi xa i-surface layer ye-substrate yomile kwi-touch. Ehlotyeni okanye ngexesha leentyantyambo, ukunkcenkceshela kudla ngokuphindaphindiweyo (izihlandlo ezi-2-3 ngeveki), ngelixa ebusika kufuneka zihlulwe. ukufuma okufanelekileyo kwendawo iphakathi kwama-60% nama-70%.
Ngalo lonke ixesha kuphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi kunye neentyatyambo ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela okanye ukutshiza ukuthintela ukukhula komngundo. Amanzi amileyo kwisiseko sembiza okanye ukufuma okugqithisileyo kwiingcambu kunokubangela ukubola kunye nezifo zokungundaUkuchasana noku, qinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okugqwesileyo kwaye uhlale ususa amanzi amaninzi kwiisosari phantsi kweembiza.
Ukuchumisa kunye nokuchumisa i-chrysanthemums
Ichrysanthemum sisityalo se imfuno ephezulu yesondlo, ngakumbi ngexesha leentyantyambo. Faka isichumiso esikhethekileyo kwizityalo ezidubulayo okanye izichumisi eziphilayo ezifana nokugalelwa kweentshulube okanye umgquba osele ukhulile. Gcoba kabini ukuya kathathu ngonyaka, unqande izichumisi ezigqithisileyo ezibangela ukukhula okugqithisileyo okanye iziqu ezibuthathaka. Ngexesha leentyatyambo, yongeza nge isichumisi esingamanzi rhoqo ngeentsuku ezili-15 ukwandisa umbala kunye nobude beentyatyambo.
Ukutyala kunye nokusabalalisa i-chrysanthemums
Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyala i-chrysanthemums entwasahlobo, xa amaqondo obushushu epholile kwaye kukho ingozi encinci yeqabaka. Ukuba imbewu ityalwe ngqo emhlabeni, iya kuntshula kwiinyanga ezintathu. Kuyenzeka kwakhona ukutyala i-terminal cuttings ethathwe emva kokuthenwa. Ukuba ufuna ukusasaza i-chrysanthemums yakho, khetha ukusika okunempilo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ezi kufuneka zityalwe kumhlaba ofumileyo, okhuselweyo de zibe neengcambu.
Khumbula ukushiya ubuncinane i-40 cm yendawo phakathi kwezityalo xa uzikhulisa kwiintyatyambo okanye kwimida ukuze ugweme ukhuphiswano lwezondlo kunye nendawo. Rhoqo kwiminyaka emithathu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphinde ugalele izityalo kwimbiza enkulu okanye kwindawo entsha egadini.
Ukuthena kunye nokugcina i-chrysanthemums
La ukuthena iichrysanthemums Kubalulekile ukukhuthaza iintyatyambo ezininzi, ukugcina inkangeleko ehlangeneyo, kunye nokuthintela i-stem clutter. Ngexesha lokukhula, cinezela okanye ususe amahlumela asemacaleni ukuze ukhulise ihlumela eliphakathi kwaye uzuze iintyatyambo ezinkulu, eziqinileyo. Susa iintyatyambo ezibunile kunye namagqabi omisiweyo ukuvuselela amathupha amatsha kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo.
Emva kokutyatyamba, thena kakhulu, ushiye iziqu zibe 4-10 cm ukusuka emhlabeni. Oku kucoca kuvumela isityalo ukuba sigxininise amandla aso kwiingcambu kwaye silungiselele ixesha elizayo. Ukuba ufuna iintyatyambo ezinkulu, ezinqabileyo, susa iintyatyambo ezisecaleni kwaye ushiye intyatyambo enye ngesiqu.
Izifo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinambuzane kwi-chrysanthemums
Nangona sisityalo esomeleleyo, i-chrysanthemum inokuchatshazelwa zizinambuzane ezininzi kunye nezifo:
- Isigcawu esibomvu: Izibonakalisa ngamachokoza atyheli kunye neentambo zentambo ngaphantsi kwamagqabi.
- Izinambuzane ezimhlophe kunye nezinambuzane: Zifunxa incindi, zikhubaze amagqabi kwaye zisasaze izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane.
- I-Mealybugs kunye neemopane: Ziyonakalisa amagqabi, iziqu kunye neentyatyambo.
- Amakhowa: I-Powdery mildew (umgubo omhlophe emagqabini), umhlwa (amabala abomvu kwicala elingaphantsi), kunye UBotrytis (amabala amdaka ngebala kwiintyatyambo kunye namathupha).
Ukulawula ezi ngxaki, sebenzisa amayeza okubulala izinambuzane okanye acaricides avunyiweyo, ezinye iimveliso zendalo ezifana nesepha yepotassium okanye i-oyile yomnatha, kwaye ugalele imichiza yokuthintela ukungunda xa ukufuma kuphezulu. Kwakhona, hlala ubulala iintsholongwane izixhobo uze ususe ukhula olunokusasaza izinambuzane nezifo.
I-Chrysanthemums: Ukusetyenziswa kokuhlobisa kunye neengcebiso zeVase
I-chrysanthemum iyabonakala ikhaya kunye nomsitho wokuhombisa Ngenxa yokuqina kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Kumalungiselelo eentyatyambo okanye iivazi, iintyatyambo zinokugcinwa phakathi kweveki enye ukuya kwezintathu ukuba ulandela la macebiso:
- Guqula amanzi rhoqo ngeentsuku ezingama-2-3 kwaye ucoce ivazi ukunqanda ukwakheka kweebhaktheriya.
- Susa amagqabi aseleyo ngaphantsi kwamanzi ukunciphisa ukubola kunye nevumba elibi.
- Yenza ifayile ye- i-diagonal cut kwisiqu phantsi kwamanzi ukuphucula ukufunxa.
- Chitha kancinci amagqabi, kodwa ungaze ube neentyatyambo, ukugcina ubutsha.
Nokuba kusembizeni okanye emhlabeni, khumbula ukubekela indawo izityalo kwaye uphephe imisinga enamandla enokuphelisa amanzi okanye yonakalise iintyatyambo.
Intsingiselo kunye ne curiosities of chrysanthemums
El I-Chrysanthemum luphawu lokuphila ixesha elide, ubulumko kunye novuyoE-Asia, idibaniswa nolonwabo kunye nokuchuma, kwaye kuMbindi Melika, ukunika i-chrysanthemums ibonisa isibhengezo sokwenene sothando. ENtshona, kwaye ngakumbi eSpain, isiko linxulumanisa neentyantyambo ezifileyo kunye nekwindla, nangona ixabisa ngakumbi ngaphakathi nangaphandle ukuhombisa ubutyebi beethoni zayo kunye nobude beentyatyambo zayo.
Ukongeza, kukho i-chrysanthemums Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyangoKumayeza emveli aseTshayina, asetyenziswa kwi-infusions ukukhulula umkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nezigulo zokuphefumla, ngenxa yeempawu zabo ze-antioxidant kunye ne-anti-inflammatory.
Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kulawulo lwezinambuzane zendalo kuyabonakala: izinto eziphuma kwezinye iichrysanthemums zineepyrethrins, iikhompawundi ezisebenza njenge. izinambuzane zendalo, ukoyikisa iimpukane neembovane.
