I-rhododendron isihlahla sokuhlobisa Ixabiseke kakhulu ngenxa yobuhle bayo kunye neentyatyambo ezibukekayo. Iphuma kwintsapho ye-Ericaceae, iquka iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-800 ezivela ikakhulu kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, nangona ezinye zivela eYurophu naseMelika. Zinokwahluka ngobukhulu, kunye nemizekelo ukusuka kwiisentimitha ezingama-50 ukuya ngaphezulu kweemitha ezi-3 ubude ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi. Esi sityalo esihlala sihlala sigqama ngenxa yamagqabi aso aluhlaza, acwebezelayo kunye ne ubukhulu, umbala kunye nokuqina kweentyatyambo zayo, nto leyo eyenza ibe yinkwenkwezi yemiyezo namathafa xa idubula. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi Iqhakaza nini i-rhododendron kwaye yintoni efunekayo ukuqhakaza ngonyaka?Esi sikhokelo sichaza yonke imiyalelo ephambili yokhathalelo kwaye siphendula imibuzo eqhelekileyo.
Ixesha leentyantyambo zeRhododendron: nini kwaye njani?
Ukudubula kwe-rhododendron kwenzeka, kwiintlobo ezininzi, phakathi kobusika ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.Olona hlobo lwakuqala lunokuqala ukudumba kwangoko kwisiqingatha sesibini sikaMatshi, nangona incopho yeentyatyambo iqhelekile phakathi kuka-Epreli noMeyi. Kwimozulu epholileyo enobusika obupholileyo kwaye akukho qabaka, i-rhododendrons inokuqhakaza kwangaphambili, ngelixa iintlobo eziqhakaza kamva zinokwandisa iintyatyambo zazo ekuqaleni kukaJuni okanye ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
Ubushushu obufanelekileyo ukuba baqhakaze ngokufanelekileyo buphakathi 10 kunye nama-20 ºC Ngexesha lokukhula kweentyatyambo kunye neentyatyambo. Iqabaka emva kwexesha, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, okanye iindawo ezomileyo zinokuwunciphisa umjikelo weentyatyambo okanye zithintele ukumila kweentyatyambo ngaloo nyaka.
Ngaphakathi okanye kwii-greenhouses, kunokwenzeka ukunyanzela iintlobo ezithile ukuba zityatyambe phakathi ebusika, nangona ngaphandle, indlela eqhelekileyo yokuzonwabela kukuzonwabisa umjikelezo wabo weentyantyambo zendalo, ngokwemozulu yendawo.
Kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba ubuninzi nobude beentyatyambo Baxhomekeke kakhulu kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nokhathalelo lwenkcubeko olufunyanwa yi-shrub unyaka wonke.
Iimpawu kunye neentlobo zeentyatyambo zerhododendron
Enye yezinto ezikhangayo kwi-rhododendron ziintlobo zeentyantyambo zayo. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwa zibe ngamaqela amakhulu kwiincam zamasebe., ukwenza izithungu zombala zokwenene eziguqula isihlahla ngexesha leentyantyambo. Ubungakanani bentyatyambo nganye bunokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3 cm, kodwa kukho imihlanganisela eneentyantyambo ezimile okwexilongo ukuya kwi-10 okanye i-20 cm ububanzi.
Los iithowuni zeentyatyambo Zisusela kumhlophe osulungekileyo ukuya kumthubi, opinki, ifuchsia, obomvu onzulu, obomvana okanye ozuba. Kukho i-hybrids kunye ne-bicolor okanye iintlobo ezinomthunzi, okuvumela ukudityaniswa kwemizekelo emininzi yemibala eyahlukeneyo kwindawo enye.
Ezinye iindidi zikwagqamile ngenxa yevumba lazo elimnandi, elithambileyo elizalisa igadi entwasahlobo, linyusa ixabiso lazo lokuhombisa.
I-rhododendron ingatyalwa ngobunzima okanye ngamaqela, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokudala i-flowerbeds, izithinteli zomoya okanye imida ebethayo.
Ubude bentyatyambo ye-rhododendron
Ngokubanzi i Ubude beentyatyambo zerhododendron buphakathi kweentsuku eziyi-15 kunye ne-25, ngowona mndilili uqhelekileyo ujikeleze iintsuku ezingama-20 kwiimeko ezilungileyo. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba imozulu ibalulekile: amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kwama-30°C) anokubangela ukuba iintyatyambo zibune kwaye ziwe ngokukhawuleza, lo gama iqabaka okanye ukuhla ngesiquphe kobushushu kunokubangela ukubuna kweentyatyambo nangaphambi kokuba zivuleke.
Kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko weqabaka kade, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhusele i-rhododendrons ngokuyigquma okwethutyana ngenethi okanye ilaphu elimelana neqabaka, okanye ngokuhambisa iimbiza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ngeli xesha linzima.
La imvula enzima okanye umoya onamandla ungonakalisa iintyatyambo, ngoko kusoloko kucetyiswa ukubeka isityalo kwindawo ekhuselweyo kwimozulu embi ukuze ujabulele ixesha elide kunye neentyantyambo ezininzi.
Iimfuno ezisisiseko nezikhethekileyo zokudubula kweentyatyambo
Ukufezekisa rhoqo kwaye ziqhakaza rhoqo ngonyaka, i-rhododendron idinga iimeko ezithile zokukhula. Ungafumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe apha ukunyamekelwa kwerhododendron.
- Ukufuma ngaphezulu kwama-50%. Ixhamla kwiindawo ezipholileyo ezikufutshane nemithombo yamanzi okanye iimvula rhoqo. Kwimozulu eyomileyo, ukufuma kufuneka kwandiswe ngokubeka izikhongozeli zamanzi kufutshane okanye kusetyenziswa izixhobo zenkungu.
- Ubushushu bulawulwaLudidi oluqinileyo noluxhathisayo kwiindidi ezininzi, lumelana namaqondo obushushu ukuya kutsho ku 0°C (kunye neeqabaka ezikhanyayo) nokuya kutsho kuma 40°C kwezinye iicultivars. Nangona kunjalo, ikhetha ukungavezwa kumaqondo obushushu athatha ixesha elide. Ilanga elithe ngqo lasehlotyeni linokutshisa amagqabi kunye neentyantyambo, ngoko ke kungcono ukuyibeka kwi-semi-shade.
- Akukho qabaka egqithileyo: Nangona ikwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ezona ntlobo zibuthathaka kakhulu ziyakuxabisa ukukhuselwa ngamaxesha athile kwingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo.
Umhlaba ofanelekileyo kunye nohlobo lwe-substrate
I-rhododendron ifuna i-acidic substrate kunye ne-pH ephakathi kwe-4,5 kunye ne-6,5 (ngokufanelekileyo malunga ne-5), ungaze ube ne-calcareous. Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nendlela yokufezekisa iimeko ezilungileyo, bona Yintoni i-iron chelate?Kwimihlaba ye-alkaline okanye i-lime-laden, iingcambu zabo azikwazi ukufunxa isinyithi, ezibangela i-iron chlorosis (amagqabi aphuzi kunye nezityalo ezibuthathaka). Ukuze ugweme iingxaki, khangela i-pH ngemitha elula kwaye usebenzise i-substrates ngokukodwa kwizityalo ezithanda i-asidi, ezifana ne-blond peat, i-pine bark, i-compost evuthiweyo kunye ne-perlite.
Kubalulekile ukuba i-substrate ibe ilula, iguquguquka kwaye ikhutshwe kakuhle kakhuluAmanzi amaninzi anokubangela ukubola kweengcambu. Ukuba umhlaba wakho uludongwe okanye unzima, yongeza into eninzi yezinto eziphilayo kwaye uphucule amanzi ngaphambi kokutyala.
Ubukho be-humus buluncedo kakhulu ekugcineni ukufuma kunye nokondla isityalo ngexesha leentyantyambo.
Ukubonakaliswa kunye nokukhanya
Indawo ekhethiweyo yerhododendron yi-semi-shade., apho ifumana ukukhanya okuthambileyo, ngakumbi ekuseni okanye emva kwemini. Ilanga lasemini, ngakumbi ehlotyeni, linokuba yingozi. Ngaphantsi kwemithi emide okanye kwiindawo ezinomthunzi, i-rhododendron ikhula ibe nempilo kwaye ikhuselwe ngakumbi.
Kwiindawo ezibandayo okanye iindawo ezisezintabeni, inokunyamezela ukukhanya okuthe ngqo, kodwa isoloko ikuphepha ukuvezwa ngokugqithisileyo.
Ukunkcenkceshela: ukuphindaphindwa kunye nodidi lwamanzi
I-rhododendron idinga ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kunye namanzi angenayo ikalikaSoloko ugcine i-substrate ifumile kancinci, ngaphandle kokuyikhukula. Sebenzisa amanzi emvula, amanzi adityanisiweyo, okanye amanzi acinyiweyo ngaphambili. Amanzi aqinileyo okanye ane-calcareous anyusa i-pH kwaye abangela ukuvaleka kwezondlo. Ngexesha elishushu, yongeza amaxesha okunkcenkceshela kwaye uphephe ukumanzisa amahlamvu, ngakumbi ngelixa amagqabi akhula.
Ngexesha lemvula, nciphisa ukunkcenkceshela kwaye ujonge ukuhlanganisa amanzi kwisiseko anokonakalisa iingcambu.
Isichumisi kunye nezondlo zokudubula kweentyatyambo
Ukususela ekupheleni kobusika ukuya ekupheleni kwehlobo, sebenzisa izichumisi ezithile zezityalo ze-acidophilic, ezityebileyo initrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassiumUnokubonelela nge-guano, i-compost ephilayo, izichumisi ezingamanzi, okanye iigranules ezithile. Ukufumana izikhokelo ezingaphezulu malunga nezondlo eziyimfuneko, bona Ziziphi izityalo ezithanda iasidi?Ukuba ubona i-iron chlorosis (amagqabi aphuzi aneemitha eziluhlaza), sebenzisa i-iron chelates kwi-substrate okanye amanzi okunkcenkceshela.
Gcoba zonke iintsuku ezili-15 ngexesha lesigaba esisebenzayo kunye neentyantyambo, ngokulandela imiyalelo yomenzi wokuphepha ukugqithisa.
Ukhathalelo oluphezulu: ukuthenwa, ukutshintshwa kunye nokusasazwa
I-rhododendron ayifuni kuthenwa ngokungqongqo, kodwa iyakuxabisa ukucocwa rhoqo emva kokudubula kweentyatyambo. Susa iintyatyambo eziphelileyo kunye namasebe omileyo okanye anesifo ukukhuthaza ukukhula okutsha kunyaka olandelayo. Ukuba amanye amasebe awela okanye akhulela ngaphakathi, anciphise ukuphucula umoya kunye nokukhanya. Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga neendlela zokuthena, bona Ukuthenwa njani irhododendron?.
Soloko uthena emva kweentyantyambo kwaye ungaze ekwindla okanye ebusika, ukunqanda ukususa amahlumela aza kuvelisa iintyatyambo kwixesha elilandelayo lonyaka. Ukuthenwa okunzima kuyacetyiswa kuphela ukuba isityalo sikhulile kakhulu okanye sifuna ukuvuselelwa ngokupheleleyo.
Ngokuphathelele ukufakelwaYenza oku rhoqo ekupheleni kweentyatyambo okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Tyala i-rhododendron kwindawo efanelekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo (i-60-80 cm kwi-rhododendrons encinci, ngaphezu kwe-1,5 m kwi-rhododendrons enkulu) ukuvumela ukukhula okunempilo. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi, bona indlela yokukhetha imithi yegadi.
Ukuphindaphinda: Ingenziwa ngembewu, ukuleya, ukusikwa, okanye ukuxhunyelelwa. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kwaye ikhawulezayo kukusebenzisa ukusika, okuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwisityalo esingumzali.
Iingxaki eziphambili, izifo kunye nothintelo
Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifoNangona i-rhododendron sisityalo esomeleleyo, iingxaki zinokuvela ukuba iimeko azilunganga:
- izifo zokungunda: Botrytis, Rust, Phytophthora, Leprosy, Cercospora, Armillaria, Coryneum, Septoria, Colletotrichum, Gloeosporium, Pestalozzia. Zibonakala njengongundo, amachokoza amnyama, inyongo, okanye amadyungudyungu kumagqabi kunye namahlumelo. Zinokuthintelwa ngokunqanda ukufuma okugqithisileyo, ukuphucula umoya, kunye nokusebenzisa imichiza yokungunda ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- IzinambuzaneIintakumba, i-mealybugs (Pseudoccocus), i-leaf miner moths (Gracilaria azaleelli), iinkumbi (Phyllocoptes, Brevipalpus, red spider mites), kunye ne-Otiorrhynchus sulcatus. Zibangela ukujika kombala, ukubola, okanye ukuguquka kwamagqabi. Unyango lukhusela, kwaye ukuba uhlaselo luphakathi, amayeza okubulala izinambuzane okanye i-acaricides angasetyenziswanga.
- I-PhysiopathiesIron chlorosis kwimihlaba yealkaline, ukutshiswa lilanga, umonakalo weqabaka. Ukulungisa i-pH kunye nokukhusela isityalo kwiimeko ezinobungozi kubalulekile.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye neengcebiso ezongezelelweyo ze-rhododendron ekhangayo
- Hlala unxibe iiglavu xa uphatha i-rhododendron, njengoko zonke iindawo zayo zinokuba yingozi kwaye zicasule ukuba kukho ukudibanisa nesikhumba okanye ukungeniswa ngengozi.
- Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela ngamanzi ane-calcareousUkuba amanzi kwindawo yakho aqinile, sebenzisa amanzi emvula okanye athambekele. Ukuba oko akunakwenzeka, yongeza inani elincinci leviniga emhlophe emanzini ukunciphisa i-pH ngendlela elawulwayo.
- Musa ukumanzisa amagqabi ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela, ngakumbi ngexesha lokubunjwa kwamathupha ukukhusela izifo zefungal.
- Susa iintyatyambo ezibunile emva kweentyatyambo ukukhuthaza ukukhula okutsha okunempilo kunye nokuthintela izifo.
- Jonga umhlaba pH rhoqo kwaye ulungise nge-substrate ekhethekileyo ukuba amagqabi ajika abe tyheli okanye isityalo asikhuli kakuhle.
- Kuphephe ukuthenwa ngaphandle kwexesha elicetyiswayo: Yenza oku kuphela emva kweentyatyambo kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungalokothi ekwindla okanye ebusika.
- Ikhusela kwiqabaka namaza obushushuNgokukodwa kwizityalo ezincinci kunye neentlobo ezibuthathaka. Hambisa iimbiza kwaye usebenzise ukhuseleko lwexeshana ukuba kukho imfuneko.
Ukuzinika ixesha lokukhathalela i-rhododendron kuqinisekisa isihlahla esinamandla esinamagqabi aluhlaza kunye neentyatyambo ezintle ezihlaziya ubuhle begadi yakho rhoqo ngexesha lonyaka. Nika ingqalelo kubumuncu bomhlaba, ukufuma, ukutyhileka, kunye nesichumiso, jonga naluphi na utshintsho kumagqabi, kwaye usebenzise inkathalo echazwe unyaka wonke. Ngale ndlela, uya kuqinisekisa impilo kunye nokuqaqamba kwesinye sezona zityalo zintle, ezomeleleyo, nezihlala ixesha elide kwindawo yakho yangaphandle.