Imi-oki kunye holm oki, iintlobo eziphambili zoluhlu UQuercus, babalasele ngexabiso labo kwindalo, uhombiso noqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, le mithi ngokukhethekileyo Usengozini kwisibetho seTortrix viridana, isinambuzane, xa sikwinqanaba laso lombungu, sinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu ngokugubungula iintloko zemithi, ukunciphisa izityalo zom-acorn, nokwenza buthathaka ukukhula kwazo. Apha ngezantsi, sikubonisa indlela yokuchonga ngokufanelekileyo, ukuthintela, kunye nokunyanga esi sitshabalalisi, ukudibanisa izisombululo zendalo kunye nezemveli ezixhaswa yinkqubela yamva nje.
Yintoni iTortrix viridana kwaye kutheni ichaphazela imithi yeQuercus?
I-Tortrix viridana, yaziwa njenge oki spire o holm oki spiral, yeyosapho lakwaTortricidae. Ixhaphakile kumahlathi amagqabi abanzi IYurophu, uMntla Afrika kunye neAsia MinorAbantu abadala banamaphambili aluhlaza ngokuluthuthu kunye neemvaba ezimnyama namachokoza amachokoza akhanyayo, anobude obuyi-18 ukuya kwi-23 mm.
Umjikelo wobomi uqala ngokubeka amaqanda kumasebe ekwindla, udlula kwizigaba ezihlanu zombungu, isigaba se-chrysalis kwaye ekugqibeleni umntu omdala, ovelayo aze agqibe umjikelo wonyaka. Inyaniso yokuba kukho kuphela isizukulwana esinye ngonyaka kwaye i Iinqwelomoya zabantu abadala zenzeka phakathi kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo Iphawula elona xesha lomngcipheko omkhulu wemithi, njengoko imibungu iqwenga kakhulu amagqabi amatsha kunye namagqabi, ingakumbi echaphazela isivuno se-acorn kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-canopy.
Umjikelo webhayoloji kunye nokuziphatha kwesitshabalalisi
- Ukubeka: Imazi ibeka malunga nama-60 amaqanda aqatywe ngento encangathi (malunga ne-1,3 x 0,95 mm).
- Umbungu okanye umbungu:
- Inqanaba lokuqala: Ukukhanya okungwevu, intloko emnyama, 1,8 mm.
- Inqanaba lesibini: Ihazelnut ukuya kugreyish, 4 mm.
- Inqanaba lesithathu: Iyafana kodwa inkulu, 7 mm.
- Inqanaba lesine: Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 mm.
- Inqanaba lesihlanu: Umbala okhokelayo, imilenze emnyama ephaphathekileyo, 15 ukuya kwi-19 mm.
- I-Chrysalis: Umdaka omnyama, omde, uphakathi kwe-9 kunye ne-11 mm ubude.
- Umntu omdala: Luhlaza ngombala, zombini izini ezifanayo; esebenzayo ikakhulu phakathi kuka-Epreli noJulayi ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu.
Ixesha lombungu libalulekile: iimopane ziqwenga amagqabi kunye namahlumelo asentwasahlobo, enokubangela a defoliation kakhulu kunye nokukhula okucothayo kwemithi. Ngaphaya koko, uhlaselo oluqatha lunokuthintela zombini imveliso yombona kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemfuyo kumadlelo angaphantsi kwemithi.
Iimpawu kunye nomonakalo obangelwa yiTortrix viridana
- Ukulunywa kunye nokugqabhuka kumagqabi kunye namahlumelo athambileyo (amagqabi abonakala etyiwe okanye ephantse atshiswe ngokupheleleyo).
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamagqabi kwangaphambi kwexesha, ngakumbi kwi-canopy ephezulu kunye namasebe amancinci.
- Ukukhula kancinci womthi uphela ngexesha lonyaka elichaphazelekayo.
- Ukuncipha kwimveliso ye-acorn, echaphazela ukutya kwemfuyo kunye nokuvuselelwa kwendalo kwamahlathi.
- Inkangeleko ngokubanzi "elusizi", ubuthathaka kunye nokunciphisa amandla kwimithi yokuhlobisa okanye yokuvelisa.
Iindlela zokuthintela kunye nonyango: ulawulo lwendalo, lwekhemikhali kunye ne-biotechnological
Iindlela zendalo kunye nebhayoloji
- Intshayelelo izifunxi-gazi zendalo njengaye IPimpla maculator y Isikhuthazi sePhaeogenes, ekwazi ukunyathela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% yombungu.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe Bacillus thuringiensis, i-bioinsecticide echaphazela ngokukhethekileyo i-lepidopteran caterpillars.
Iindlela zeBiotechnological: iipheromones zokudideka ngokwesondo
- Ukubekwa kwe iipheromone diffusers zesini kwimigibe engunxantathu: ezi mveliso zilinganisa i-pheromone yabasetyhini kwaye zibhidekisa amadoda, zithintela ukuzala. Ngamadosi afanelekileyo (2 mg nge-diffuser nganye) kunye nobude bexesha ukuya kuthi ga Iintsuku ze40 Ngokusetyenziswa, ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo nokuzinzileyo kuqinisekiswa.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweepheromones kunciphisa inani lezinambuzane ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ezinye izinambuzane eziluncedo., okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokulima organic kunye nolawulo lwamahlathi endalo, iipaki kunye nezitiya zasezidolophini.
- Le migibe isasazwa ngobuchule kuyo yonke indawo echaphazelekayo kwaye itshintshwa umjikelo ngamnye ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwayo.
Iindlela zamachiza
- Izicelo ze yiyengqengu ngothuli kwiimeko zokuhlaselwa kakhulu okanye xa ezi ndlela zingentla zinganelanga. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa iimveliso ezigunyazisiweyo ze-phytosanitary kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yomenzi. ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
Izinto ezilungileyo zokusebenzisa iindlela zendalo kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo
- Ulawulo oluzinzileyo nolunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo: Ukusetyenziswa kweepheromones kunye nokulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuvumela ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali, ukugcina izilwanyana ezincedisayo kunye ne-pollinators.
- Isicelo esilula: Beka ngokulula imigibe yepheromone emazantsi emithi okanye kwindawo eyingqongileyo njengoko kufunwa ngobungakanani bohlaselo.
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwiindawo ezinemithi, iindawo zemveliso okanye izitiya zasezidolophini, ukukhusela zombini iindawo zehlathi ezinkulu kunye nesampulu ezimeleyo okanye iindlela ezinemithi.
Ukucupha kwangethuba kunye ukuhlanganiswa kwebhayoloji, iindlela zebhayoloji kunye neekhemikhali zingundoqo ukugcina I-Tortrix viridana infestation. Ukubona iimpawu zokuqala okanye ukubona iinqwelomoya zabantu abadala, ukuhambisa imigibe yepheromone, ukuqinisa i-ecosystem kunye neentshaba zendalo, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukubhenela kwi-pesticides kuqinisekisa impilo kunye nobomi obude be-oki kunye ne-holm oak. Ukutyala imali kwiimodeli zolawulo lwendalo kusivumela ukuba sigcine hayi imithi kuphela, kodwa kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zasekhaya ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo.
