Uyithena njani iBonsai: ISikhokelo esipheleleyo seNyathelo ngeNyathelo esineNgcebiso yeNgcali kunye neKhalenda yoNyaka

Ubugcisa be-bonsai abukho nje uqeqesho lobuhle, kodwa kunye nesayensi ekunyamekeleni, ekubunjweni, nasekugcinweni kwemithi emincinci emincinci enokuthi iphile amashumi eminyaka okanye iinkulungwane. Omnye wemiba esisiseko yokugcina umyinge wabo, impilo, kunye nobuhle kuku ukuthenaUkuba unebhonsai ekhaya okanye ucinga ngokuyifumana, eli nqaku liya kukunceda ufunde Indlela yokuthena ibhonsai ngokuchanekileyo, nini ukwenza oko, ubuchule obuthile bohlobo ngalunye lokuthena, kunye nendlela yokuqinisekisa uphuhliso olunamandla kunye nokulinganisela komthi wakho. Uya kufumana iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokuphepha iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ibhonsai yakho ihlala ikhangeleka intle.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukuthena ibhonsai?

La ukuthena I-Bonsai ingaphezulu kakhulu kunomsebenzi olula wokulima; yeyona ndlela iphambili yokugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwendawo engaphezulu komhlaba (amasebe kunye namagqabi) kunye nenxalenye engaphantsi komhlaba (iingcambu) zomthi. Ivumela ukubunjwa, ikhuthaza ukukhula okuhlangeneyo kunye nokulinganisela, kwaye ivuselela ukuveliswa kwamasebe amatsha kunye namahlumela., kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, gcina uyilo olufunwayo kunye nobukhulu.

Ibhonsai engaphenwanga idla ngokukhula ngokungalinganiyo, iphuhlisa amasebe amade, abuthathaka atya izibonelelo ngokungalinganiyo. Ekugqibeleni oku kunokuwenza ube buthathaka umthi, wonakalise inkangeleko yawo, kwaye uchaphazeleke ngakumbi kwizinambuzane okanye izifo. Ukuthena, xa kuqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo, kukhuthaza ukujikeleza komoya kunye nokukhanya phakathi kwamasebe., ukuphepha iindawo ezinomthunzi apho ukufuma kunye neefungi ezinobungozi zinokukhula.

Ukuthena:

• Lawula ubungakanani: imida yokukhula kwaye igcina i-bonsai icwengile.
• Iphucula impilo: Susa amasebe omileyo, agulayo okanye abekwe kakubi.
• Ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla: Ngokuthena amasebe alawulayo, ukuphuhliswa kobuthathaka, amahlumela angaphakathi avuselelwe.
• Yandisa isibheno sobuhle: ibalaselisa ubume kunye nesimbo, ivumela ukuyilwa kweefom zobugcisa ezifana nezimbo ezithe nkqo, zomtshayelo, okanye ze-cascade.
• Ithanda ukungena kokukhanya: Ukususa amahlamvu angaphezulu kuvumela ukukhanya ukufikelela ngaphakathi kunye neendawo ezisezantsi.

Liliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokuthena ibhonsai?

Ishedyuli yokuthena iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwebhonsai kunye nobuchule obusetyenzisiweyo. Ukuthetha jikelele, Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuthena ibhonsai lihambelana namaxesha okukhula okusebenzayo kunye nokuphumla.Qwalasela le miba iphambili:

• Primavera: Elona xesha lilungileyo lokuthenwa okubalulekileyo, ngakumbi ukuthena izixhobo. Ibhonsai inoovimba abaneleyo bokubuyisela kwaye ihlume ngamandla emva kokusika. Ikwalixesha lokuba ukuthenwa kokugcinwa okanye ukupinkisha, njengoko kuvela amahlamvu amatsha.
• Ekwindla ngasekupheleni: Ifanelekile ukuthena okulula kunye nokukhangela isakhiwo phambi kobusika. Inceda ukulungiselela ibhonsai ngexesha lokungalali, kodwa ukuthenwa okuqatha kufuneka kuphetshwe phambi kweqabaka.
• Ihlobo: Ezinye iintlobo zivumela ukupinkishwa okuncinci okanye ukuchithwa kwamagqabi ukuvuselela i-branching kunye nokunciphisa ubukhulu beqabunga (ungaze ube kwimithi ebuthathaka).
• UbusikaUkuthena ngokuqhelekileyo kuyaphetshwa, kuba umthi ungena kwindawo yokulala kwaye amanxeba akayi kuphola kakuhle.

KubalulekileKwibhonsai esanda kufunyanwa okanye encinci, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulinde umjikelo omnye wokuziqhelanisa phambi kokuba uzibeke ekuthenweni okuqatha. Hlala ujonga iimfuno ezithile zohlobo lwakho.

Iindidi zokuthenwa kwebhonsai: yeyiphi enokusetyenziswa kwaye nini?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ezisisiseko zokuthena kwibhonsai, ngalinye linenjongo ethile kunye nobuchule obuthile:

1. Uqeqesho okanye ukuthenwa kwesakhiwo
2. Ukuthenwa kwesondlo (ukupfaniswa)
3. Ukuprintwa kwengcambu

1. Uqeqesho lokuthena

La ukuthena izixhobo Yinkqubo esisiseko yokunika ibhonsai isitayile sayo esisisiseko kunye ne-silhouette, ukususa amasebe ashinyeneyo, abekwe kakubi, okanye athob' isidima soyilo. Ukusikeka okuqatha ngakumbi kuyenziwa ukucacisa ubume obupheleleyo: isiqu, amasebe aphambili, kunye namasebe esibini.

Iingcebiso ezisisiseko zoqeqesho lokuthena:

• Khetha ixesha elifanelekileyo: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ekwindla ekupheleni, xa incindi ilala.
• Jonga i-bonsai kuzo zonke ii-engile ngaphambi kokusika ukwenza isigqibo malunga nesimbo kunye namasebe okususa.
• Susa amasebe afileyo kunye nabo bazalwa kubude obufanayo, bekhetha enye yokukhuthaza imvisiswano.
• Susa amasebe athe nkqo, amasebe ajike ngokungaqhelekanga, okanye amasebe afihle umphambili wesiqu.
• Kuphephe ukuba namasebe aphezulu atyebileyo kunalawo asezantsi.

Xa kuthenwa kakhulu, kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa amagqabi kunye nobunzima beengcambu. Ukuba uthena amasebe amaninzi, kufuneka uwathene iingcambu ngokucokisekileyo ukugcina ibhalansi yomthi. Fumana ubuchule obuphambili kwisikhokelo esipheleleyo sokuthena ibhonsai..

2. Ukugcinwa kokuthenwa okanye ukucutha

La ukuthenwa kokugcinwa, kwaziwa njenge incanyathisiwe, yenziwa rhoqo kulo lonke ixesha lokukhula. Injongo yalo kukugcina imilo ephunyeziweyo, ukujiya amagqabi, kunye nokuthintela amasebe ekubeni made kakhulu.

Amanqaku aphambili:

• Iqhutyelwa ikakhulu entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokukhula komthi.
• Iquka ukusika okanye "ukutshiza" amahlumela amatsha ngaphambi kokuba abe made kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo xa sele ephuhlise i-3-4 nodes (amacandelo phakathi kwamagqabi).
• Ivumela amandla omthi ukuba asasazwe kwakhona, ukuvuselela ukukhula kwezona ndawo zibuthathaka kunye nokufumana i-denser kunye ne-compact canopy.
• Kwiiconifers kunye neepines, ukukrazula iminwe kudla ngokucetyiswayo kunokusebenzisa isikere ukukhusela amagqabi asikiweyo ukuba angajiki.
• Musa ukuthena kakhulu: kungcono ukwenza ukukhanya, ukucutha okulandelelanayo kunokuthena okuqatha konke ngexesha elinye.

3. Ukuthenwa kweengcambu

La ukuthenwa kweengcambu Kubalulekile ukuba ibhonsai ichume kwiimbiza ezincinci. Yenziwa ngexesha lokubuyiswa kwakhona, okuqhelekileyo kwenzeka entwasahlobo. Injongo kukunciphisa ukukhula kweengcambu, zigcine zihlangene kwaye ziphilile, kwaye zivumele uphuhliso ngaphakathi komthamo omncinci we-substrate.

Akufunekanga iqhutywe ngonyaka omnye njengoqeqesho oluqatha lokuthena. ukuphepha ukuwenza buthathaka umthi. Kucetyiswa ukuba ususe malunga nesithathu seengcambu, ugcine i-fine, iingcambu ezincinci, kwaye ukhumbule ukutshabalalisa izixhobo zakho. Ngeenkcukacha ezithile, jongana Indlela yokuyila kunye nokuthena ibhonsai inyathelo ngenyathelo.

Izixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokuthena ibhonsai

Impumelelo yokuthena ixhomekeke ikakhulu ekusebenziseni izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ezicocekileyo nezibukhaliIsixhobo esibi okanye isikere esiluthuntu singonakalisa ixolo okanye sibangele amanxeba ekunzima ukuwapholisa.

Izixhobo ezisisiseko:

• Izikere zokuthena: Kukho izikere ezithile zebhonsai, zichaneke ngakumbi kwaye zincinci ukufikelela ngaphakathi kwecanopy.
• Iconcave pruner: kubalulekile kumanxeba kumasebe ashinyeneyo, njengoko kunciphisa ubukhulu benxeba kwaye kuququzelele ukuphiliswa okufanayo.
• Abasiki bengcingo: iluncedo ukuba usebenzisa iingcingo ukukhokela amasebe emva kokuthena.
• intlama yokutywina: kubalulekile kumanxeba amakhulu ukuthintela ukulahleka kwencindi kunye nokuthintela usulelo lomngundo okanye lwebhaktiriya.
• Isibulala zintsholongwane: Soloko ubulala iintsholongwane izixhobo phambi nasemva kokusetyenziswa ngakunye ukuthintela usulelo lwezifo.

Indlela yokuthena ibhonsai inyathelo ngenyathelo

1. Lungisa indawo kunye nezixhoboKhetha indawo ekhanyiswe kakuhle, ekhululekile, nengaxutywanga. Coca kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane zonke izixhobo zakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise.
2. Hlola ibhonsai ngokweenkcukacha-Jonga ubume bayo kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo ukuchaza uyilo ofuna ukulufikelela. Chonga amasebe awomileyo, anqamlezileyo, ami kakuhle, okanye amade kakhulu.
3. Sika amasebe afileyo okanye anesifo: Qala ngokususa nantoni na eyomileyo, eyonakeleyo okanye eyosulelekileyo.
4. Khetha imilo yokugqibela: Gqiba ukuba ukhangele i-formal, i-formal, i-cascade, i-broom, njl njl. (isitayela siya kuxhomekeka kwinxalenye kwiintlobo).
5. Yenza amanxeba aphambili: isebenzisa ukuthena okuqulunqayo ngokususa amasebe abekwe kakuhle, aphindwe kabini, aqinileyo okanye lawo akhuphisana kwinqanaba elinye namanye.
6. Nciphisa amahlumela amade: Kwi-canopy, nquma amahlumela xa banama-3-4 ama-nodes ukuze badibanise kwaye bagcine iphrofayili.
7. Faka intlama yokutywina kumanxeba kumasebe ashinyeneyo ukukhusela umthi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphiliswa.
8. Susa ngokucophelela amahlumela kwisiseko ezigquma iingcambu zokuhombisa okanye aziyonxalenye yoyilo.
9. Jonga isiphumo: Qwalasela i-bonsai kwakhona, lungisa iinkcukacha kwaye wenze ukusikeka okuncinci ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Isikhokelo esineenkcukacha kunye nobuchwephesha bokuthena ibhonsai: ubuchule, ixesha, kunye neengcebiso zengcali.

Ubuchwephesha obuphezulu kunye neengcamango: ukuchithwa kwe-defoliation, i-pinching kunye ne-wiring

• IkhutshweUkuthenwa: kubandakanya ukususa onke okanye phantse onke amagqabi (ingakumbi kwiintlobo ezivuthulukileyo), ngesiqhelo ehlotyeni. Oku kunyanzelisa umthi ukuba uvelise amahlamvu amatsha, ukukhuthaza ukuhluma kunye nokunciphisa ubukhulu bamagqabi. Ayikhuthazwa kwimithi ebuthathaka okanye egulayo.
• Ukucofa iminwe: Ngokukodwa kucetyiswa ukuba i-conifers kunye neepineyini, apho ukusetyenziswa kwe-scissors kunokubangela ukuba iinaliti ziguquke.
• IingcingoEmva kokuthena, ucingo lwe-bonsai lusetyenziselwa ukukhokela amasebe amancinci kwindawo efunwayo. Ukufakwa kweentambo kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo ukuphepha ukonakalisa ixolo okanye ukukrwitsha amasebe.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa usika ibhonsai kunye nendlela yokuphepha

• Ukuthenwa ngaphezuluUkususa amasebe amaninzi kunokunciphisa ibhonsai. Beka phambili ukusika okuqhubekayo kwaye uhlole umthi phakathi kweeseshoni.
• Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezingafanelekanga: Isikere esibuthuntu, esinomhlwa, okanye esingangeneli kakuhle sinokubangela amanxeba angalinganiyo okanye usulelo.
• Ukuthena ngexesha elingalunganga: gwema ukuthenwa okukhulu ebusika okanye ehlotyeni kakhulu, njengoko umthi uya kuba sesichengeni.
• Ukuthenwa okukhawulezileyo kwiintlobo ezingaziwayo: Hlala uzazisa malunga neenkcukacha zohlobo lwakho phambi kokusikwa.
• Musa ukusebenzisa i-sealant kwiinqumlo ezinkulu.: Amanxeba avulekileyo anokuba lisango lokungunda kunye neebhaktheriya.

Ukhathalelo olubalulekileyo emva kokuthenwa

• intlama yokutywina: Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, faka amanxeba ashinyeneyo ukukhawulezisa ukuphiliswa kunye nokukhusela kusulelo.
• Ukunkcenkceshela okwaneleyoEmva kokuthena, nkcenkceshela kakuhle. Kwiveki elandelayo, gcina i-substrate ifumile kancinane, kodwa ingagaleli kakhulu.
• Isichumisi esilulaEmva kweveki, ukuba umthi uphilile, unokongeza isichumisi ukuvuselela ukuhluma. Sebenzisa izichumisi ezithile ze-bonsai, ngokukhethekileyo kwiidosi ezincinci.
• Ukukhuselwa kwelangaKuphephe ukubeka ibhonsai echetyiweyo elangeni elipheleleyo kangangeentsuku ezininzi emva koko. Yibeke kwindawo eqaqambileyo, kodwa ikhuselwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga kunye nemimoya enamandla.
• Ukujonga: Jonga iimpawu ezinokubakho zoxinzelelo, amagqabi atyheli, okanye izinambuzane. Ngenelela ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga.

Ukuthena ngokohlobo lwebhonsai: i-deciduous, evergreen kunye ne-coniferous

• Iibhonsai ezinqabileyo: Ngokuqhelekileyo zithenwa entwasahlobo kwaye ziyakwazi ukunyamezela ukuchithwa kwamagqabi kunye nokugcinwa kwemithi ngexesha lokukhula.
• Evergreen bonsai: Bakhetha ukukhanya, ukuthenwa okufanayo. Lumka ngakumbi ngeentlobo ezibuthathaka.
• IiConifers kunye neepayiniUkucofa kubalulekile kwaye kwenziwa kakhulu ngeminwe. Abafane banyamezele ukuchithwa ngokupheleleyo kwamagqabi. Ukuthenwa okugqithisileyo kuyimfuneko kuphela kwaye ngexesha lokulala.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Isikhokelo esiphucukileyo sokuthena umthi womnquma we-bonsai ngenyathelo kwaye ngaphandle kweempazamo