Indlela yokunyamekela umthi womlotha: isikhokelo esisebenzayo nesipheleleyo sokukhula nokugcina

Umlotha: umthi omkhulu noguquguqukayo

Umthi wothuthu, ngokwenzululwazi eyaziwa njenge Fraxinus, yenye yemithi exatyisiweyo exatyisiweyo kwigadi, amahlathi asezidolophini kunye nokulungiswa komhlaba ngenxa yokukhula kwayo ngokukhawuleza, i-canopy yayo enamagqabi enika umthunzi onesisa kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo okuphawulekayo. Ngaphakathi kwi-genus Fraxinus Kukho ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kweentlobo, nganye ineempawu zayo, kodwa ukwabelana ngeempawu eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokwakheka kwamagqabi abo, ukuchasana kwemithi yabo kunye nexabiso labo lokuhlobisa kunye nendalo.

Ngokwendalo isasazwe kwimimandla enemozulu epholileyo yoMntla weIkhweyitha, equka iindawo zaseYurophu, eAsia, naseMelika. Ukuziqhelanisa ngokulula kunye nokuqina kwayo kuye kwenza ukuba ibe yintlobo eqhelekileyo kwiipaki, iigadi, kwaye njengeendlela zomgca wemithi kunye neendlela zasemaphandleni.

Iimpawu zeBotanical zomthi womlotha

Igama lezesayensi: Fraxinus spp. (Kukho iintlobo ezininzi, kuquka umlotha oqhelekileyo, umlotha waseMelika, umlotha waseMexico, umlotha omnyama, uthuthu oluluhlaza, kunye nothuthu lwasezantsi, phakathi kwabanye.)

Usapho: I-Oleaceae, equka iindidi ezaziwayo ezifana nomnquma kunye nejasmine.

Inkcazo ngokubanzi: Imithi yothuthu idla ngokufikelela kumphakamo ophakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-30 yeemitha ekuvuthweni. Isiqu sithe tye, sinexolo elishinyeneyo, eligobileyo elijika libe ngwevu ukuya kumdaka omnyama ngokwabudala. Amagqabi Zihlangene kwaye zinde ngokubanzi (20-30 cm), zichasene, kunye namaphecana aphakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-11 emile njenge-lance, enika inkangeleko entle kwaye elula.

Iintyatyambo zothuthu zincinci kwaye zidibene, kunye nomahluko phakathi kweentyatyambo zenkunzi nemazi, njengoko imithi emininzi yothuthu iyi-dioecious (abantu abanesini esahlukileyo). Ukudluliselwa kwembewu ngokunqamlezayo kubalulekile ukuze ufumane imbewu echumileyo.

Emva kokuchumisa, imbewu ikhula ibe ngama-samaras: izakhiwo ezinamaphiko kunye nokukhanya, ezisasazwa ngokufanelekileyo ngumoya, ukuvumela uthuthu ukuba lube koloni kwiindawo ezintsha ngokwemvelo.

Iintlobo eziphambili zothuthu

• Fresno uluntu (Fraxinus ukugqwesa)
• Uthuthu olumhlophe lwaseMelika (Fraxinus Americana)
• Uthuthu olumnyama (UFraxinus nigra)
• Umlotha waseMelika oluhlaza okanye obomvu (IFraxinus pennsylvanica)
• Uthuthu oluluhlaza (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
• Uthuthu lwaseMzantsi (Fraxinus angustifolia)
• Uthuthu lwaseMexico (UFraxinus uhdei)

Uhlobo ngalunye lubonisa ama-nuances ngobude, ukunyamezela kwemozulu, ukucwangciswa kweqabunga kunye namagxolo, kodwa ngokubanzi, yonke imithi yomlotha yabelana ngeempawu ezibalulekileyo zokuqina, ixesha elide kunye nokulungelelanisa.

Imozulu efanelekileyo kunye nendawo yomthi wothuthu

Indawo yemozulu: Umthi womlotha uqhelana nemozulu epholileyo kwaye uyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphantsi naphezulu, ukunyamezela iiqabaka eziqatha xa sele zisekiwe. Ikhetha iindawo ezinamaxesha ahlukileyo onyaka, njengoko ukuwa kwamagqabi ekwindla/ebusika kuyinxalenye yomjikelo wendalo. Inqaku lethu malunga nendlela yokunyamekela umthi womlotha Ikwajongana neemfuno zayo zemozulu.

Ilanga kunye nokuvezwa: Ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwayo, kubalulekile ukuba ifumane ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-6-8 ngosukuNangona ikwazi ukumelana nomthunzi, indawo evulekileyo, enelanga iyakuqinisekisa ukuba amagqabi anamandla kunye nophuhliso lwecanopy olugqibeleleyo.

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kutyalwe imithi yothuthu kwiindawo ezikhulu, kude nezakhiwo, imibhobho, kunye neepavumente, njengoko iingcambu zayo ezinamandla zinokuncothula izakhiwo okanye zonakalise iziseko ezingundoqo eziphantsi komhlaba ukuba zilinywe kufutshane kakhulu.

Iimfuno zomhlaba kunye nokulungiswa

Umthi womlotha uyawunyamezela umhlaba, kodwa ukonwabela umthi osempilweni, onamagqabi, nokhula ngokukhawuleza, kubalulekile ukuwubonelela ngomhlaba olandelayo:

• Ikhutshiwe kakuhle: Kulumkele ukugcwala kwamanzi okubangela ukubola kweengcambu.
• Zityebile kwizinto eziphilayo: Iqinisekisa izondlo zophuhliso olunamandla.
• Ipholile kwaye ifumile kancinci: Umthi wothuthu ukhetha ukuba umhlaba ugcine ukufuma ngaphandle kokuhluthwa ngamanzi.
• pH: Eyona ilungileyo phakathi kwe-acidic kancinane kunye nokungathathi hlangothi (6.0 ukuya ku-7.5).

Ukulungisa umhlaba, xuba:

• I-50% yomhlaba wembiza okanye wegadi
• I-30% ye-compost evuthiweyo
• I-20% yesanti erhabaxa ukuphucula amanzi

Ukongeza umaleko owongezelelweyo we-surface organic matter (i-mulch) emva kokutyala inceda ukugcina ukufuma kwaye ibonelela ngezondlo njengoko ibola.

Inkqubo yokutyala

1. Ixesha lokutyala: Awona maxesha alungileyo okulima imithi yothuthu ngala ukuwa okanye primavera, xa amaqondo obushushu epholile kwaye umthi unokumila ngaphambi kokuba ujongane neemeko ezinzima. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba la maxesha athathelwe ingqalelo kwimpumelelo enkulu.
2. Ukhetho lwendawo: Khangela indawo ephangaleleyo, enelanga, ubuncinane yeemitha ezili-10 ukusuka kuzo naziphi na izakhiwo eziphantsi komhlaba okanye ufakelo.
3. Ukulungiselela umngxuma: Yomba umngxuma ubuncinci kabini ububanzi njengengcambu kwaye ubunzulu njengebhola. Khulula umhlaba kakuhle emazantsi nasemacaleni.
4. Dibanisa i-substrate: Gcwalisa i-bottom ngenxalenye yomxube olungiselelwe, faka umthi, kwaye ugcwalise kunye nabanye, ucinezele ngokukhawuleza ukuphepha iipokethi zomoya.
5. Ukunkcenkceshela kokuqala: Nkcenkceshela ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ngokunzulu, ukuvumela amanzi angaphezulu ukuba akhuphe kwaye avumele iingcambu ukuba zidibanise kakuhle ne-substrate.

Ukunkcenkceshela: rhoqo kunye neengcebiso

Kwiminyaka yokuqalaImithi ye-Ash ifuna ukunikezelwa rhoqo kokufuma, ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhula okusebenzayo. Umthi omncinci unokufuna ukunkcenkceshela kathathu ukuya kane ngeveki ehlotyeni (malunga ne-3 ukuya kwi-4 ilitha ngeseshoni, ngaphandle kokukhukula isiseko). Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, bona Ungawugcina njani umthi wakho ukumelana nembalela.

Xa umthi uzinzile, ukuxhathisa kwawo kwimbalela kuyanda. Nangona kunjalo, ngamaxesha obushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ukunqongophala kwemvula ixesha elide, luluvo olulungileyo ukugcina umhlaba upholile ngokunkcenkceshela ngokunzulu kodwa ngokulinganayo kwaye usoloko uqinisekisa amanzi afanelekileyo.

• Gwema ama-puddles kufuphi ne-trunk.
• Ebusika, nciphisa ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo ngeeveki ezimbini ukuba akukho mvula.

Ukuthenwa kunye nokugcinwa komthi womthuthu

Ukuthenwa komthuthu akudli ngokuba yimfuneko ngokungqongqo ngaphandle kokususa amasebe afileyo, anqamlezileyo, okanye awonakeleyo okanye ukubumba i-canopy kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala. Ukuthena kwakhona kuchazwa ngokufanelekileyo ebusika, xa umthi ungena kwindawo yokulala kwaye ukuhamba kwencindi kuncinci, kunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.

Iwawisa amagqabi ayo ngokwemvelo ekupheleni kokwindla. Ukuba uyaqaphela amasebe awonakeleyo okanye zinqunqule, zisuse emva kobusika. Khumbula ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezicocekileyo, ezibukhali ukuphepha ukungalingani kunye nosulelo lomngundo olunokwenzeka.

Kwimizekelo yabantu abadala, kuphela ukugcinwa okuncinci okufunekayo rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa, kugxininise ekuqinisekiseni ukucoceka kunye nesakhiwo esinempilo.

Ukuchumisa: izondlo zomthi osempilweni wothuthu

Umthi wothuthu uyakuxabisa a ukuchumisa ngonyaka, ngokukhethekileyo entwasahlobo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okunamandla, amagqabi. Sebenzisa isichumisi esilungeleleneyo (i-NPK 10-10-10 okanye efanayo) ecebileyo kwi-macronutrients, kwaye ngezinye izihlandlo yongeza i-micronutrients ukuba ukusilela kufunyenwe. Ukomeleza ubomi bentsholongwane yomhlaba kunye nophuhliso lweengcambu, faka umgquba okanye ukugalelwa kweentshulube rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu.

Ukusasazwa komthi womlotha

Imithi yothuthu inokuzala imbewu kwaye ukusika komthi oqinileyo:

• Ngembewu:
  • Vuna iisamara ezivuthiweyo ekwindla.
  • Susa i-wrapper xa kukho imfuneko kwaye uhlwayele imbewu kubunzulu be-1-2 cm kwi-substrate efumileyo, ene-aerated kakuhle.
  • Gcina ibhedi yembewu kwindawo epholileyo, enomthunzi de intshule, enokuthatha iiveki eziliqela ukuya kwiinyanga.
• Ukwenzela ukusikwa:
  • Ebusika, thabatha amagatsha aqolileyo, anempilo.
  • Tyala kwi-substrate emanzi kwaye ugqume ngeplastiki eguquguqukayo ukugcina ukufuma.
  • Xa iingcambu, tshintshela kumhlaba osisigxina.

Zombini iindlela zifuna umonde kunye nokuphaphama ngokuchasene nefungus kunye ne-desiccation.

Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifo

Umthi wothuthu ngumthi okwaziyo ukumelana nengcinezelo, kodwa unokuchatshazelwa zizinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ezifana namangolwane, iintwala, kunye nooqongqothwane (ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisezidolophini okanye ezonakeleyo). Ezona zifo zixhaphakileyo ziquka:

• Ubumuncu bolusu: Umngundo owenza umaleko omhlophe emagqabini nakwihlumelo.
• Ukubola kweengcambu: Idityaniswe ngokusondeleyo nokufuma okugqithisileyo kunye nokugcwala kwamanzi.
• Izifo zokungunda: Amabala amnyama, ukuchithwa kwamagqabi okanye ukufa kwamasebe.

Ku ulawulo yezinambuzane kunye nezifo, kuyacetyiswa:

• Jonga umthi rhoqo.
• Faka izitshabalalisi eziphilayo okanye zendalo ezifana ne-neem oil xa kukho izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo.
• Sebenzisa imichiza yendalo yokungunda kwi powdery mildew kunye nezinye izifo ze-cryptogamic.
• Phucula umoya kwaye uphephe ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo ukuthintela ukungunda.

Inyathelo kwangethuba kunye nokuthintela ngundoqo. Ukugcina umthi wakho usempilweni kwaye womelele kakhulu kunciphisa umngcipheko wohlaselo olukhulu.

Ukusetyenziswa kothuthu kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo

• Isihombiso: Inkangeleko yayo emangalisayo kunye namahlamvu anomtsalane ayenza ibe yenye yemithi ethandwayo yomthunzi kwiipaki zasezidolophini nakwigadi.
• Indalo: I-Samara ityisa iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci. Umlotha, otyalwe njengohlobo lokutshalwa kwakhona kwamahlathi, ukhuthaza ukwahlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo kwaye uzinzisa imihlaba.
• Iinkuni: Ixabiseke kakhulu ekwenzeni ikhabhathi kunye nokuchwela ngenxa yokomelela kunye nokuguquguquka (kwifenitshala, izixhobo zomculo, izibambo zezixhobo, kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo). Funda ngakumbi kwinqaku lethu kwi.
• Amayeza: Kumayeza esintu, iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomthi wothuthu ziye zasetyenziswa njenge-anti-inflammatory, diuretic, kunye nokunyanga umkhuhlane, iimeko zokuphefumla kancinci, i-hemorrhoids, kunye neengxaki zokugaya. Soloko ubonisana nochwepheshe ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise naluphi na unyango oluphuma kwisityalo.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelekileyo zokhathalelo lomthi wothuthu

Ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okunempilo kunye nexesha elide lomthi wakho womlotha, gcina la manqaku alandelayo engqondweni:

• Kulumkele uqhaqho-fakelo olungeyomfuneko kwimizekelo yabantu abadala.
• Beka iliso ekukhuleni kweengcambu kwaye ufumane umthi kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo.
• Khusela amahlumelo amatsha kwiqabaka ekuqaleni kobusika.
• Gcina isiseko sesiqu singenakhula kunye nenkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo ezinokubolisa ikhola yeengcambu.
• Hlola ulwakhiwo ngamaxesha athile ukulungisa iziphene zokukhula ngokuthenwa kancinci.

Umthi womlotha, ngenxa yokomelela, ubuhle, kunye nokusebenza kwawo, uba yeyona nto iphambili kwiigadi, iipaki kunye neendlela. Ngokunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo, ingaba lifa eliluhlaza elibonelela ngomthunzi, ioksijini, kunye nokulinganisela kwezinto eziphilayo kwizizukulwana, ukunyamezela amaxesha onyaka kunye nokuhlobisa nayiphi na indawo kunye nobukho bayo obungathandabuzekiyo.