Ukhathalelo lwePopulari kunye neempawu: Konke malunga nalo Mthi mkhulu kwaye uguquguqukayo

Poplar Overview

El ipopu, ngokwenzululwazi eyaziwa njenge I-Populus, ngumthi ovuthulukayo obalasele ngobuhle nokuguquguquka. Yeyakhe Usapho lweSalicaceae, ukwabelana ngokuzalana nemingcunube, kwaye ungowokuzalwa kuyo IYurophu, iAsia, uMntla Afrika kunye nemimandla emikhulu yaseMelikaIipopulari ngokwesithethe ziye zaxatyiswa ngenxa yokukhula kwazo ngokukhawuleza, ubuhle bamagqabi awo, nokubaluleka kwazo kwindalo, ngokwenkcubeko nangembonakalo yomhlaba.

Lo mthi unokufunyanwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo, afana nala ipoplar emhlophe, i-cottonwood emhlophe o poplar yesilivere, kwaye iyaziqhelanisa ngokulula neemeko ezahlukeneyo zeklimati nomhlaba. Zihlala zibonwa ecaleni kwemilambo, amachibi, iindlela zasemaphandleni, kwaye zenze imiqolo kwiipaki kunye nezitiya zikawonke-wonke ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezenza imithunzi kunye nenkangeleko eqaqambileyo.

Iimpawu zeBotanical zepoplar

Ipoplar yi umthi onamagqabi enokufikelela kumphakamo we I-25 ukuya kwi-30 yeemitha, kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye neemeko apho ikhula khona. Yalo isiqu esithe nkqo kunye necylindrical, enexolo elimhlophe, liqhekeka ngokuguga kwaye libonisa izithunzi ezimnyama kwimizekelo emidala. Inkqubo yeengcambu zayo yomelele kwaye ibanzi kakhulu, evumela ukuba ifunxe amanzi amaninzi kwaye izinze kwindawo efumileyo okanye kufuphi nemijelo yamanzi.

• Amagqabi: Zi-oval okanye zimilise intliziyo, zineencam ezine-lobed. Umphezulu uluhlaza nzulu, ngelixa i-underside, egqunywe nge-fuzz ecolekileyo, i isilivere emhlophe, enika igama kwiintlobo alba (emhlophe ngesiLatini).
• Flores: Zivela entwasahlobo ezijingayo catkins, kunye neentyatyambo zenkunzi nemazi kwimithi eyahlukeneyo. Iintyatyambo zamadoda zidla ngokuba bomvu, ngelixa iintyatyambo zasemazi ziluhlaza-tyheli.
• Iziqhamo: Zii-bivalve capsules ezithi, xa zikhulile, zikhuphe imbewu ebotshwe ngoboya obucolekileyo obunomqhaphu, ilungele ukusasazwa kwazo ngumoya.

Iintlobo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zepoplar

• Ipoplar emhlophepopulus alba): Ixhaphake kakhulu eYurophu, eyaziwa ngokuba yisiliva emhlophe ngasemva kwamagqabi ayo.
• Ipoplar emnyamaUPopulus nigra): Uphawu lwesiqu sayo esimnyama kunye namasebe athe nkqo, imbonakalo yembonakalo yomlambo.
• Veza (Populus inyikima): Iqondwa ngokuhamba rhoqo kwamagqabi ayo ngama-petioles amade kunye namancinci.
• Ipoplar yaseMelika (Iipopulus deltoides): Ifakwe kuMntla Melika, ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye inkulu ngobukhulu.

Indawo yokuhlala yendalo kunye nokusabalalisa

Ipoplar iyachuma ngokwemvelo kuyo iindawo ezinomswakama, ngakumbi i-riparian. Ikhetha umhlaba onzulu, omtsha otyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo, nangona iintlobo ezininzi zibonisa a Ulungelelwaniso olukhulu kumhlaba onesanti, onodongwe, ohlwempuzekileyo, nkqu nakwimihlaba ene<em>calcareous. Ukunyamezela kwawo ukufuma nokukwazi ukumelana nokukhukuliswa kwamanzi kancinane kuwenza abe yimithi efanelekileyo kufutshane nemilambo, amachibi, amadike neendawo ezingaselunxwemeni.

Su ukuhanjiswa kubanzi kakhulu, egubungela imimandla emikhulu yaseYurophu, kuMbindi Asia, kuMntla Afrika nakuMerika. Ziye zenziwa zendalo kwezinye iindawo ezinobushushu behlabathi, kwaye ngenxa yokomelela kwazo kunye nokukhula okukhawulezayo, ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yohlaziyo lwamahlathi kunye neeprojekthi zokubuyiselwa kwenkqubo yendalo.

Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula kwepoplar

• Ubicación: Iipopulari zifuna banzi apho banokuthi baphuhlise i-canopy kunye neengcambu zabo ngaphandle kwezithintelo, kude nezakhiwo ngenxa yomonakalo onokwenzeka kwinkqubo yabo yeengcambu.
• Ukuboniswa kwelanga: Bakhetha i ilanga elipheleleyo, nangona benyamezela umthunzi othile, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu.
• Uhlobo lomhlaba: Nangona abafuni kakhulu, uphuhliso lwabo olugqibeleleyo lwenzeka kuyo imihlaba efumileyo, enzulu, negalelwe amanziZiyawunyamezela umhlaba onesanti, ohlwempuzekileyo, onetyuwa, kwanalawo anomlinganiselo othile wokuzaliswa kwamanzi.
• umhlaba pH: Ayithathi cala kwialkaline kancinane.
• Ukumelana nemozuluIipopulari ezininzi ziyamelana namaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, kunye neqabaka, nto leyo ezenza zilungele imozulu yelizwekazi elipholileyo.

Ukhathalelo olubalulekileyo lwepoplar

Ipoplar iyaxatyiswa ngenxa yayo lula ukulima kunye neemfuno ezimbalwa, nangona inkathalo encinci iqinisekisa ukukhula kwayo ngamandla.

• Unkcenkceshelo: Ibalulekile kwimizekelo emincinci okanye ngexesha lembalela ende. Ipoplar iyayixabisa ukufuma rhoqo emhlabeni, kodwa ngaphandle kokuwukhukula. Kwiindawo ezinemvula rhoqo, ukunkcenkceshela kunokuba ncinane xa sele kuqalisiwe.
• Ukuchumisa: Igalelo organic Njengomgquba okanye i-mulch ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nganye, ikhuthaza amandla omthi kunye nempilo. Izicelo ezibini okanye ezithathu ngonyaka zanele ukuphuhliswa kwayo.
• Ukuthena: Akusoloko kuyimfuneko ngaphandle kokususa amasebe awomileyo, awonakeleyo, okanye anesifo. Ukuba yenziwe, kufuneka yenziwe ngasekupheleni kwebusika, ngaphambi kokuphuka kwe-bud. Kuphephe ukuthenwa kakhulu okuwenza ube buthathaka umthi.
• Isithuba: Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kunye nenkqubo yeengcambu, ibalulekile yityale kude nezakhiwo, iindlela, imibhobho okanye iindawo ezigangathiweyo.

Ukunkcenkceshela okusebenzayo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu

El I-Popular ivakalelwa kakhulu kukungabikho kwamanzi ngamaxesha ashushu okanye omileyo. Amagqabi angajika abe tyheli aze awe ukuba umhlaba uhlala womile ixesha elide. Kule meko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unkcenkceshele ngokucokisekileyo, ngakumbi izityalo ezincinci.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kukhokelela kumaxesha aqatha embalela, ngoko kunokuba yimfuneko ukonyusa amaxesha okunkcenkceshela ngexesha lobushushu bamaza. Kwiigadi zanamhlanje, ukusetyenziswa kwe ukunkcenkceshela okanye iingxowa zokunkcenkceshela ezikhulula amanzi kancinci ecaleni kwesiqu, ziphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwaye zithintele ilahleko ngenxa yokumka komphunga okanye ukubaleka.

Kwimithi evuthiweyo, ukunkcenkceshela okunzulu ngamaxesha kwanele kwiindawo ezininzi zezulu, ngelixa imithi emincinci ixabisa ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ngakumbi kunyaka wabo wokuqala.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Iindidi zemithi ye-poplar efanelekileyo kwiigadi: isikhokelo esipheleleyo kunye nokunyamekela

Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifo kwi-poplar

Nangona ungumthi owomeleleyo, zikho izibetho nezifo oko kunokuchaphazela ipoplar:

• Ibhorerha yepoplar: Isinambuzane esinemibungu etya inyama yangaphakathi, amasebe abuthathaka kunye neziqu.
• Umhlwa wamagqabi: Umngundo obangela amachokoza aorenji kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi ngaphambi kwexesha.
• Umngundo womphunga: Umngundo oshiya umaleko omhlophe emagqabini.
• Ibhaktheriya okanye i-fungal canker: Inokubangela amanxeba kunye necrosis esiqwini, ibe buthathaka kakhulu umthi.

Ukuphepha ezi ngxaki, kubalulekile gcina umthi womelele ngokunkcenkceshela ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuchumisa, kunye nokususwa kwamasebe anesifo. Ukwengeza, beka iliso ngamaxesha athile ukubonakala kweempawu kwaye udibane neengcali xa kukho nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga.

Ukuzala kunye nokutyalwa kwePopulari

Ipoplar ingaba phinda-phinda ngokulula ngokusikwa okanye ngembewu:

• Ukusika: Zifumaneka kumasebe amancinci ekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. I-cuttings ityalwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-substrates emanzi, apho ihluma ngokulula.
• Imbewu: Ixhaphake kakhulu ngenxa yokukhula okufutshane kwembewu, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba ityalwe kumhlaba omanzi nomtsha emva nje kokuvuna.

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba utyale iipopulari ngaphakathi ixesha elibandayo, ngoko banokuhlakulela iingcambu ngaphambi kokufika kobushushu. Isithuba phakathi kwemithi kufuneka sibe sanele ngenxa yokukhula kwayo ngamandla.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

ICalamondin okanye umthi omncinci we-orenji: ukhathalelo olupheleleyo kunye nesikhokelo sokulima

Ukusetyenziswa kunye neenzuzo zendalo zepoplar

• Umthunzi kunye nokuhombisa: Ziyimithi efanelekileyo yeepaki, iigadi kunye nokuhamba ngenxa yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nomthunzi onesisa.
• isithinteli-moya: Ekubeni zinde kwaye zinamagqabi, zidla ngokutyalwa ngokwemiqolo ukukhusela izityalo nezakhiwo emoyeni.
• MaderaI-softwood yayo isetyenziselwa ukwenza iphepha, iibhokisi, ukupakisha, ukuchwela okulula, kunye neplywood. Ayilungelanga iinkuni, kodwa ilungile ekwenzeni imatshisi okanye izipikili zamazinyo.
• Phytotherapy: Amaxolo kunye namagqabi sele esetyenziswe ngokwesiko kwi-phytotherapy ngenxa yeempawu zabo zokuthoba kunye ne-analgesic.
• Ukubuyiswa kwemihlaba kunye neendawo ezonakeleyo: Ziye zisetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi zokubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yeengcambu zazo kunye namandla okukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Isimboli kunye nezinto ezinomdla kwipoplar

Ipoplar iye yaba into yesimboli kwiinkcubeko ezininziKwiGrisi yamandulo, wawusaziwa ngokuba ngumthi wobulumko nokukhusela isithixokazi uAthena, ngoxa kwiintsomi zamaRoma wawufuzisela ukuzila nenkumbulo. Kuncwadi nakubugcisa, umfanekiso wayo obalaseleyo uye waphefumlela imibongo nemizobo, kuquka nomsebenzi odumileyo UMona Lisa nguLeonardo Da Vinci, ipeyintwe kwibhodi yepoplar.

Omnye umdla kukuveliswa kwembewu enenkangeleko yomqhaphu, yiyo loo nto kwezinye iindawo yaziwa ngokuba umqhaphu umthi.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga nePopla

• Ngaba i-poplar inokuqwalaselwa njengeentlobo ezihlaselayo? Kweminye imimandla, ngakumbi ngaphandle koluhlu lwayo lwemveli, inokuziphatha kakubi, igxotha iintlobo zendalo. Kubalulekile ukuba uzifundise phambi kokuba ulityale kakhulu.
• Ngaba ipoplar inetyhefu? Ayibonakalisi ubutyhefu obubalulekileyo ebantwini okanye kwizilwanyana zasekhaya.
• Ndingatyala imithi yepoplar kufutshane nezindlu? Kuphela ukuba umgama owaneleyo uqinisekisiwe, njengoko iingcambu zabo zingonakalisa iziseko kunye nemibhobho.
• Uphila ixesha elingakanani umthi wompapa? Ubomi obude buyohluka, kodwa imizekelo emininzi iyahluka ukusuka Iminyaka ye-30 kunye ne-200, kuxhomekeke kwimekobume kunye nenkathalo.

Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo zokulima nokugcinwa kwazo

1. Khetha indawo enkulu kwaye kude neziseko zophuhliso ukuze kutyalwe iipopulari.
2. Ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo ngexesha lobutsha bomthi, ngoko kuphela ngexesha elomileyo.
3. Chuba ngezinto eziphilayo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okunempilo kunye nokuthintela ukuchithwa komhlaba.
4. Yenza ukuthena okulula kuphela xa kuyimfuneko ukususa izinto ezonakalisiweyo okanye ezigulayo.
5. Lawula izinambuzane nezifo ukwenza uhlolo olubonakalayo kunye nokusebenza ngokukhawuleza ukuba iingxaki zifunyenwe.

Ipoplar ngumthi oguquguqukayo ngendlela emangalisayo ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo, ukumelana neemeko ezibandayo kunye nezibi, kunye nexabiso elingenakuphikiswa le-ecological and ornamental value. Ukugcinwa kwayo kulula, kwaye, xa ilawulwa kakuhle, ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi egadini nakwimigangatho yendalo kunye nembonakalo yomhlaba. Ngokubandakanya iipopulari kwimiyezo okanye kwiiprojekthi ze-landscaping, awukhuthazi nje ubuhle kunye nomthunzi, kodwa kunye nempilo yokusingqongileyo kunye ne-biodiversity.