Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo soMthi weCarob: Iimpawu, ukuLima, kunye noLondolozo oluLungileyo.

El umthi wecarob (ICeratonia siliqua) yenye yezona mithi imele ulwandle lweMeditera, eyaziwa ngeziqhamo zayo - i-carob okanye igarrofa - kunye nendima yayo kwindalo, uqoqosho kunye nenkcubeko. Ukulinywa kwayo bekungokwesiko kumazwe anje ngeSpain, iPortugal, iMorocco, iGrisi kunye neTurkey, inika indawo eyohlukileyo yezolimo kunye nemveliso enoqikelelo olukhulu kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yemfuno ezinzileyo yeziqhamo zayo kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo. Kweli nqaku libanzi uya kufunda zonke iimpawu zezityalo, i-ikholoji kunye ne-agronomic yomthi wecarob, kunye nesikhokelo esineenkcukacha sokulinywa, ukulondolozwa, ukusasazwa nokuvunwa kwayo. Siza kubandakanya ulwazi oluphezulu malunga nolawulo olunzulu nolubanzi lobuchwephesha, iphysiology, ukuthunyelwa kwembewu, imveliso, ukunkcenkceshela kwangoku kunye neendlela zokuchumisa, nokunye okuninzi.

Iimpawu zezityalo kunye nezendalo zomthi wecarob

Umthi wecarob ngu Umthi oluhlaza wosapho lweFabaceae, enokufikelela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuya kwi-10 yeemitha kunye nokuphuhlisa isithsaba esibanzi, esijikelezileyo. Isiqu somelele, sinexolo elingwevu-mdaka, rhabaxa kwaye lihlala lijijekile kwimizekelo emidala. amagqabi adibeneyo Ziyatshintshana, zide zibe bomvu, ziluhlaza bumnyama, kwaye zilufele, nto leyo ezenza zikwazi ukumelana nembalela nokukhanya kwelanga. Umthi wecarob ungaphila ngokulula ngaphezulu kwekhulu leminyaka phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.

Las flores Iintyatyambo zomthi wecarob zivela ziqokelelwe ngamaqela kumasebe amadala, zigqamile ngenxa yobuncinci bawo kunye nokungabikho kwamagqabi, nto leyo enokwenza ukuba iintyatyambo zazo zingaqatshelwa. Iintyatyambo zidla ngokuba sekwindla kwaye uhlobo lubonisa a ubume bepolymorphic ngokwemigaqo yamalungu abo esini: Kukho abantu abaneentyatyambo zobudoda, abanye abaneentyatyambo zobufazi kunye nezinye iihermaphrodites (iintlobo ezizichubayo), nangona kumasimi anamhlanje kukho utyekelo lokusebenzisa umlinganiselo omkhulu wemithi ye<em>hermaphrodite ngenxa yesivuno sayo esikhulu kunye nokulula kokudluliselwa kwepoleni.

El iziqhamo Yimbotyi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-carob okanye iimbotyi zecarob, zinde ngokumila kwaye zibentsundu ngokuntsundu xa sele zivuthiwe, zinentlama emnandi nenevumba elimnandi elijikeleze imbewu eqine ngokugqithisileyo nefanayo. Ezi mbewu ngokwembali bezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubunzima bezacholo ngenxa yobunzima bazo obufanayo (kungoko igama elithi "carat"). I-pulp yayo, etyebileyo kwiswekile kunye nefayibha, isisithako esisisiseko kwishishini lokutya, ngakumbi endaweni yecocoa.

Usasazo lwejografi kunye nokufaneleka kwemveliso

Umthi wecarob uyachuma Imozulu yeMeditera, ebonisa ukuqhelana okugqwesileyo kwimbalela kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nangona ifumana umonakalo omkhulu kwiqabaka ehlala ixesha elide, ngakumbi ngaphantsi kwe -4 ° C. Iqhelekile kwimimandla engaselunxwemeni nakwilizwe ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingama-500 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, igqobhoze ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilomitha ezingama-40-50 ukusuka elunxwemeni.

• España Ingumvelisi ohamba phambili wehlabathi, ugxininise indawo enkulu yokulima kwi-Valencian Community, i-Balearic Islands, i-Catalonia, i-Andalusia kunye neNgingqi yase-Murcia.
• Bayamlandela IMorocco, iPortugal, iTürkiye, iAlgeria kunye neLebhanon ngokubaluleka kwemveliso.

Umthi wecarob uxabiseke kakhulu ukuhluthwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokuphuculwa kwemihlaba engaselunxwemeni, inceda ukulondoloza izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo ("isiqithi sokuchuma") kwaye ikhusela ukhukuliseko, ngelixa ibonelela ngokutya, iinkuni kunye nezinto zokuchwela.

Iipropati kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziqhamo kunye neenkuni

Yonke indawo yomthi wecarob iluncedo:

• Intlama yecarob: Isetyenziswa kwimveliso yomgubo, iilekese, iisyrups kunye ne-cocoa substitutes (carob), kwaye ixabiseke kakhulu kwi-dietetics ngokuba mnandi ngokwendalo, ityebile kwifiber enyibilikayo kunye ne-antioxidants, i-gluten-free, kunye nokubonelela nge-pinitol.
• Imbewu okanye i-carob: Intlaka yeembotyi zenkumbi (i-additive E-410) itsalwa kuzo, isetyenziswa kakhulu njengento etyebisayo kunye nezinzisi kushishino lokutya, ikakhulu kwivenkile yokubhaka, i-ayisikrimu, kunye neesoseji.
• Iinkuni: Iqinile kakhulu kwaye ineenkozo ezintle, isetyenziswa kubuchwephesha bobugcisa, ulwakhiwo lwefenitshala kunye nanjengeenkuni ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
• Amagqabi aluhlaza kunye nemidumba: Isetyenziswa njengokutya kwemfuyo.

Umthi wecarob ukwadlala indima eyimbali kwisondlo somntu ngamaxesha okunqongophala, kwaye ngoku uphinda uvela njengesityalo esinexabiso eliphezulu ngenxa yemfuno yendalo, imifuno, kunye neemveliso ezingenayo i-allergen.

Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula kwecarob

Ukufumana amasimi anempilo kwaye anemveliso, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela:

• Imozulu: Ikhula kakuhle kubusika obupholileyo, kwimithombo eshushu, nasehlotyeni elomileyo. Iyakwazi ukumelana nembalela kodwa iyavelana neeqabaka eziqatha (ingakumbi iqabaka kwangoko okanye ixesha elide). Iinkcukacha ezininzi malunga nemozulu efanelekileyo.
• Amaqondo obushushu: Umonakalo omkhulu wenzeka ngaphantsi kwe-4 ° C, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuphepha iindawo ezinokubakho yiqabaka. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu (>45°C) nawo achaphazela kakubi imveliso.
• Ukuphakama: Efanelekileyo kwiindawo eziphantsi kunye nobude obuphakathi (ukuya kwi-500 yeemitha).

Iimfuno zomhlaba:

• Tipo: Ikhetha umhlaba otyebileyo, onzulu, ongene kakuhle emoyeni wecalcareous, nangona ikwazi ukumelana nomhlaba onamatye, ombi, nongekho nzulu ngenxa yengcambu yayo enamandla kunye neengcambu ezisecaleni.
• pH: I-alkaline encinci (phakathi kwe-7,5 kunye ne-8,5).
• Inkqubo yogutyulo: Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okugqwesileyo kubalulekile. Umthi wecarob usesichengeni kakhulu sokubola kunye nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane. i-armillaria kunye nezinye iifungi ukuba kukho ukugcwala kwamanzi, ngakumbi kwindawo ekufutshane nesiqu.
• Ubutyuwa: Ukunyamezela ubutyuwa namanzi okunkcenkceshela akumgangatho ophakathi.

Ukulungiswa nokuphuculwa komhlaba

1. Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili: Yenza uhlalutyo lwekhemikhali yomzimba ukulungelelanisa ukuchumisa kunye nokulungisa iintsilelo okanye iingxaki ezinokubakho (i-pH, ukuthungwa, i-phosphorus kunye nomxholo we-potassium). Okunye malunga nohlalutyo lomhlaba
2. Ukucoca: Susa ubutyobo kwizityalo zangaphambili kunye nokucoca ukunqanda ukhuphiswano lwezifo nokhula.
3. Ukuthoba okunzulu: Ibalulekile ekukhululeni nasekufakeni umoya emhlabeni, ekuphuculeni ukukhula kweengcambu, kunye nokuphucula amanzi. Iipasiti ezimbini ze-subsoiler kwii-angles ezinqamlezayo, ezihlulwe yinyanga enye okanye ezimbini, ziyacetyiswa; ngokufanelekileyo, ukuqala ekwindla.
4. Isichumisi sangasemva: Yongeza izinto eziphilayo ezibole kakuhle (umgquba, umgquba), ngakumbi nge phosphorus ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu. Ukuba uhlalutyo lufuna oko, yongeza kwakhona i-potassium. Initrogen kwesi sichumiso sokuqala ayiyomfuneko kwaye ivuza ngokukhawuleza.

Kwiindawo ezinemihlaba esisiseko kakhulu okanye ezinokugcinwa ngokwaneleyo kwe-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium, le minikelo inokuncitshiswa. Izilungiso ze-limestone kunye ne-magnesium aziyomfuneko kwimihlaba yeMeditera.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ukukhula komthi wecarob: Iinguqulelo ezintsha zokulinywa kunye nokwandiswa kwemveliso yawo eSpain

Uphinda-phindo kunye nokufumana imathiriyeli yezityalo

Ukuveliswa kwakhona komthi wecarob kunokwenziwa ngembewu, ukusikwa, ukuleya okanye ukuxhunyelelwa, nangona eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kukusikwa. Ukuhlwayela imbewu kulandele ngokuhlonyelwa kwindawo yokugcina abantwana ngezona ntlobo zorhwebo zinemveliso.

• Ukuhlwayela imbewu: Ivelisa imithi eyomeleleyo nexhathisayo, kodwa ukukhula kuyacotha kwaye akuqinisekisi ukuphindaphinda kweempawu zesityalo esingumzali.
• Ukwahlulwa: Imbewu ayinamanzi, ngoko kufuneka ifakwe iintsuku ezili-10-12 emanzini de idumbe kwaye iqhekeze isambatho sembewu, iququzelele ukuhluma.
• I-Graft: Ikhaka, i-canutillo, itshiphu okanye indlela ye-micro-spike isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa imveliso kunye neempawu ezinqwenelekayo (ubungakanani, isixa sepulp, umxholo wecarob) kwaye kufuneka wenziwe ngokubanzi xa izithole ziphakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5 ubudala.
• Iindidi: Iindidi ezizikhulisayo okanye eziziintlobo ngeentlobo ze-hermaphrodite zibekwe phambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuthunyelwa kwepoleni, nangona amanye amasimi etshintshana imithi yabasetyhini kunye ne-pollinator (malunga ne-12% ye-pollinators kwiifreyimu ezicwangcisiweyo).

Ukutyalwa kwecarob kubuchwephesha

Elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala imithi yecarob leli ngasekupheleni kobusika, xa umngcipheko weqabaka udlulile kodwa kusekho ukufuma okwaneleyo komhlaba. Amanyathelo asisiseko aquka:

1. Umngxuma Yomba imingxuma enobude obungama-30x50 cm ukuya kuma-80x60 cm, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani besityalo kunye neemeko zomhlaba. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-digger yasemva komngxuma okanye i-punch yomngxuma, kunye nenaliti yamanzi, ukuququzelela ukutyala.
2. Umlinganiselo kunye nolungiselelo: Izakhelo zemveli zazibanzi kakhulu (ukuya kuma-20x20 m kunye nemithi engaphantsi kwama-50 ngehektare nganye) kodwa namhlanje kukho utyekelo lwezakhelo ezicutheneyo (8x8, 8x10, 9x4,5 m) kunye noxinano lwemithi engama-80 ukuya kuma-200 ngehektare nganye ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo (enzulu okanye yemveli), uhlobo lomhlaba kunye nokuba nokwenzeka komatshini.
3. Iipollin: Ukuba kusetyenziswe iintlobo zabasetyhini, cwangcisa malunga nomthi omnye we-hermaphrodite okanye i-pollinator kuzo zonke iintlobo ezisi-8 zabasetyhini, ngokukodwa kumbindi wegridi ukwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwepolini.
4. Ukutyala: Sebenzisa izithole zeplagi, ukuphepha umonakalo kwinkqubo yeengcambu. Emva kokutyala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kususwe amanye amagqabi ukulungelelanisa i-canopy kunye neengcambu. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe izibonda ezimiswe kakuhle ukukhusela imithi emincinci emoyeni.

Ukukhula kunye nophuhliso kunyaka wokuqala

• Ukukhula kokuqala kucotha, ngakumbi kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu yokuqala.
• Ngeli xesha, kubalulekile ukugcina umhlaba ungenakho ukhula kwaye ungene kakuhle, ukuhlakula okanye ukugrumba emazantsi esiqu ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Ukunkcenkceshela ngundoqo kwiminyaka yokuqala, kusetyenziswa ukunkcenkceshela okuningana kwenkxaso (5 okanye 6 ngomjikelo ngamnye), ngakumbi kwiindawo ezomileyo okanye kwimihlaba engekho nzulu.
• Ngokuhamba kwexesha, inkqubo yeengcambu iphonononga nzulu kwaye isityalo sonyusa ukumelana nembalela.

I-pollination kunye ne-reproductive physiology

Impumelelo yemveliso ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi uhlobo lweentyatyambo emasimini:

• Kukho imithi enenkunzi, imazi, kunye neentyatyambo zehermaphrodite. Amasimi anamhlanje akhetha iintlobo ze-hermaphrodite ukuze kube lula ukulawula kunye nesivuno.
• I-pollination yi-anemophilous (umoya) kunye ne-entomophilous (inambuzane). Ukubandakanywa kweentlobo ezininzi ze-pollinating kwandisa ixesha lokwamkelwa kwi-stigmas kunye nokuphucula ukuchuma.
• Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuhlonyelwe i-hermaphrodite okanye amasebe angamadoda kwimithi yabasetyhini ukuqinisekisa ukuchuma kunye nokuqinisekisa imveliso ezinzileyo unyaka nonyaka.
• Ukulawulwa kweZeuzera pyrina Kungabalulekile nokuthintela umonakalo kule mithi.

Ukunkcenkceshela: iimfuno zamanzi kunye nobuchule bale mihla

Umthi wecarob ubalasele ngenxa yawo Ukuxhathisa imbalelaIyakwazi ukuvelisa iziqhamo ezinemvula esezantsi ukuya kuma-220 mm ngonyaka, nangona eyona ilungileyo imalunga ne-350 mm. Nangona kunjalo:

• Kumasimi okuthengisa, ukunyusa isivuno, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqinisekiswe unikezelo lwamanzi ubuncinci be-500 mm ngonyaka, nokuba kungemvula okanye ngonkcenkcesho.
• Unkcenkceshelo ngamathontsi lulungele ukusasazwa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye rhoqo, ngakumbi kwimihlaba ehlwempuzekileyo okanye ingakumbi ehlotyeni elomileyo.
• Kunkcenkceshelo lobungcali, ukufaka phakathi kwe-1.500 kunye ne-2.000 m³/ha ngexesha lentyatyambo ukuya kwixesha lokuvuthwa (entwasahlobo-ehlotyeni) kuthanda imveliso, umgangatho kunye nobukhulu becarob, kwaye kunciphisa ukutshintshwa kwemveliso.
• Umthi wecarob uyawanyamezela amanzi anetyuwa ephakathi kwaye unokuxhamla kumanzi amdaka acociweyo, inzuzo kwimimandla eyomileyo.

Ulawulo lomhlaba: umsebenzi kunye nokugcinwa

• Kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe phakathi kwesibini nesithathu ukulima phezu komhlaba ngonyaka ukugcina umhlaba ukhululekile kwaye unomoya, ngakumbi emva kokuvuna, entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kokuvuthwa kweziqhamo.
• Ukukhula ngamaxesha athile kunye nokugrunjwa kwisiseko se-trunk kunceda ukulawula ukhula kunye nokuphucula ukungena.
• Akukhuthazwa ukuphethula umhlaba ngokugqithisileyo ukuthintela ukhukuliseko, ingakumbi kumathambeka.

Ukuchumisa: amacebo alungelelaniswe nenkqubo nganye

Umthi wecarob uyakwazi ukuphila kumhlaba ombi ngenxa ye-symbiosis yawo iibhaktheriya ezilungisa initrogenkodwa Kwimveliso yorhwebo enengeniso, ukuchumisa kubalulekile.:

• Isichumisi sangasemva: Ngaphambi kokutyala, yongeza izinto eziphilayo ezivundisiweyo kunye ne-phosphorus. Okunye malunga nokuchumisa.
• Ukuchunyiswa kwesondlo: Phinda-phinda rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu, ungqamana nokulima kwasekwindla. Yongeza i-phosphorus (ukuba ingaphantsi kwe-4 ppm) kunye ne-potassium (ukuba <6-8 ppm). I-nitrogen inconywa kuphela kwimihlaba enqongophele ngokwenene, njengoko isityalo sihlala sifumana ngokwaneleyo nge-symbiosis.
• Ukuchumisa kunkcenkceshelo: Ekunkcenkcesheleni, sinokuhlula phakathi kwegalelo le-nitrogen entwasahlobo kunye nehlobo lokukhula, igalelo le-phosphorus ekwindla kwiingcambu kunye neentyantyambo, kunye negalelo le-potassium ngexesha lokutyebisa iziqhamo.
• Izichumisi zendalo: I-Guano, umgquba, umgquba, okanye umgquba ohlaza uphucula ukulingana kwesondlo kwaye unceda ukugcina umhlaba uchumile.

Ukuthena: uqeqesho, imveliso kunye nempilo yezityalo

Ukuthena kudlala indima yesibini ekulinyweni kwecarob xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithi yeziqhamo, kodwa kunjalo kubalulekile kubomi obude kunye nemveliso yomthi:

• Uqeqesho lokuthena: Ngethuba leminyaka emihlanu yokuqala, ukuthenwa okukhanyayo kuqhutyelwa ukuphelisa iziqu ezingahambi kakuhle, amasebe omileyo okanye aphuhliswe kakubi kunye nokukhuthaza i-skeleton eqinile (isitya esikhululekile samasebe amathathu aphambili, ukuphakama kwe-0,8 ukuya kwi-1 m, iguqulelwe kumatshini ukuba kuyimfuneko). Okunye malunga nokuthena.
• Ukuthenwa kwesondlo: Rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-3-4, susa iinkuni ezifileyo, amasebe anqamlezileyo okanye angavelisiyo ukuthintela ukukhwelana nokuphucula umoya nokukhanya.
• Ukuthena iziqhamo: Akuyomfuneko ngokungqongqo kuba umthi wecarob uvelisa iziqhamo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumthi omnye. Nangona kunjalo, ukucutha okuphakathi kunye nokususa amasebe athe nca kakhulu kubalulekile ukunqanda ukophuka ngexesha leziqhamo.
• Iinkqubo: Kuphephe ukusika okukhulu kunye nokuninzi, njengoko umthi wecarob usengozini yezifo zamaplanga kunye nezinambuzane ezisebenza ngamaplanga. Sebenzisa intlama yokuphilisa kumanxeba amakhulu.
• Ixesha elilelona Kanye emva kokuvuna, ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuhluma okulandelayo.

Ukuvuna nokuphatha emva kokuvuna

La Ukuvunwa kwecarob ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka phakathi kuka-Agasti noSeptemba, kuxhomekeke kwiindidi kunye nokuphakama. Inkqubo iguqukela kumatshini, kodwa kwiifama ezininzi zemveli iseyincwadi yesandla:

• Ubuchule bezandla: Ukusenga amasebe okanye ukucofa ngobunono ngeentonga ukuphepha ukonakalisa iintyatyambo zonyaka olandelayo. Kucetyiswa ukuba ungasebenzisi izishukumisi ezinobundlobongela kwimithi ekhulileyo ukuthintela ukwenzakala kumasebe kunye neziqu.
• Ukuvuna ngoomatshini: Kumasimi amatsha, ii-unidirectional vibrators, iitshayela, izivutheli, nezivuni eziziqhubayo zisetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nodidi lwezityalo.
• Ukuphatha: Iziqhamo ziqokelelwa kwiingubo okanye kwiitarp ezibekwe phantsi kwemithi ukuthintela ukuthabatha ukufuma emhlabeni.
• Ugcino: Iimbotyi zecarob kufuneka zigcinwe kwiingxowa eziphefumlayo kwindawo ezipholileyo, ezomileyo, nezingena umoya. Ukuba zivunwe zingavuthwanga okanye zifumile, zomise elangeni ukuthintela ukubola.
• Ilahleko: Ngexesha lokumisa, phakathi kwe-4-10% yesisindo sokuqala silahlekile.

Imveliso, ukusebenza kunye nokuthengisa

Umthi wecarob ngumthi we ukwandisa imveliso kunye nobudala:

• Iqala ukuthwala isiqhamo emva kweminyaka emi-5-6 ukuba ihlonyelwe, okanye emva kweminyaka eyi-7-8 ngaphandle kokufakelwa. Ifikelela kwincopho yayo yemveliso phakathi kweminyaka eyi-12 kunye ne-15 emva kokutyala/ukufakwa.
• Izivuno zokuqala: malunga ne-4-5 kg ​​​​umthi ngamnye, inyuka ukuya kwi-20 kg / umthi emva kweminyaka eyi-10 kwaye ifikelele ngaphezu kwe-120 kg / ngonyaka kwimizekelo yabantu abadala abakhathalelwe kakuhle. Imithi emashumi ambalwa eminyaka ubudala inokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-200-300 kg kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo.
• Indlela yonkcenkceshelo elawulwayo yokunkcenkceshela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezichumisi kwandisa isivuno, ivumela i-8.000-10.000 kg/ha kwiifama zale mihla, xa kuthelekiswa nesiqhelo se-2.000-5.000 kg/ha ekulimeni komhlaba owomileyo.
• Imarike yaseSpain idla phakathi kwe-70 kunye ne-80% yemveliso yelizwe; intsalela ithunyelwa ikakhulu eYurophu nakuMntla Afrika.
• Intengiso iqhele ukwenziwa ngoomasibambisane, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, kunye neenkampani ezenza iziqhamo zibe yimveliso yexabiso eliphezulu, njengetshungama yentethe okanye umgubo ocoliweyo.

Izinambuzane, izifo kunye nezinto ezinciphisayo

• Amakhowa: Ngokukodwa i-armillaria kunye nokubola kweengcambu, okuthandwa kukugcwala kwamanzi.
• Izinambuzane: kwaye iibhorerha zingonakalisa amasebe kunye neziqu.
• Uthintelo: Gcina i-drainage efanelekileyo, pruna yomile, uthintele amanxeba angeyomfuneko, kunye nezixhobo zokutshabalalisa iintsholongwane kunye nokusikeka ngentlama yokuphilisa.
• Ukuchasana: Umthi wecarob ubalasele ngokomelela kwawo, ufuna unyango olumbalwa lwe phytosanitary xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithi yeziqhamo yase Mediterranean.

Ukubaluleka kwendalo kunye nomthi wecarob njengesixhobo sokubuyisela kwimekobume

Umthi wecarob wenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-ikholoji:

• Ukubuyiswa kwemihlaba eyonakeleyo: Ingcambu yayo enamandla iphucula ubume kunye nokuchuma kwemihlaba engaselunxwemeni.
• Isiqithi sokuchuma: Inkunkuma yamagqabi kunye ne-microclimate engaphantsi kwe-canopy ikhuthaza i-biodiversity, inika indawo yokuhlala kwiintaka, izinambuzane kunye ne-microorganisms.
• Ukuthintelwa kobuntlango kunye nokhukuliseko: Ibalulekile kumhlaba othe qelele weMeditera.

Ukudityaniswa kweendawo zendalo kunye nezityalo zecarob kwandisa ukwahlukana kwebhayoloji kwaye kunegalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwasemaphandleni.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Indima yemithi yecarob kwiipaki kunye nokubuyiselwa kwendalo yendawo eluhlaza

Ngenxa yokuqina kwawo okungaqhelekanga, ixabiso leekholoji, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuninzi kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokutya, umthi wecarob uvela njengenye yezityalo ezithembisayo kwezolimo lweMeditera, ekwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa nemingeni yemozulu kunye nokuvula amathuba oshishino azinzileyo. Ngokhetho olufanelekileyo lwemathiriyeli yezityalo, umhlaba, kunye nolawulo lobugcisa, kuyenzeka ukufumana izivuno ezizinzile, ezikumgangatho ophezulu kangangamashumi eminyaka, kuxhamle umlimi kunye ne-ikhosistim ekuyo.