Isini Iifayile, yaziwa njenge tamarisk, tamarisk o tamarisk, idibanisa amatyholo kunye nemithi emincinci enenkangeleko yeentsiba kunye ne-rusticity enkulu. Zahlulwe ngokwazo amagqabi amancinci kwimo yezikali kunye nokubukeka kwayo intyatyambo intwasahlobo ngeethowuni ezipinki okanye ezimhlophe, ukongeza ku-a inkqubo yeengcambu enamandla kakhulu echaza ukumelana kwayo okumangalisayo nembalela kunye nomhlaba onetyuwa. Ngezantsi uya kufumana isikhokelo esipheleleyo nesisebenzayo kuyo iimpawu, uyakhathala y ukuphindaphinda, kunye neengcebiso ezithile zokusetyenziswa kwigadi kunye nebhonsai.
Inkcazo yezityalo yeTamarix (taray okanye tamarisk)
Iitamariske zinjalo amatyholo anamagqabi okanye imithi emincinci yembonakalo entle nentle. Nangona amagqabi ayo ane-scaly esikhumbuza iiconifers, hayi nyana: Ngexesha le-dormancy yasebusika, alahlekelwa ngamahlamvu awo okanye ajike abe tyheli kwaye ahlale enamathele okwethutyana de ahlume. Amahlumela mancinci, inamasebe kakhulu kunye notyekelo lokukhula ngokuthe tye, nto leyo yomeleza imbonakalo yayo iplamu okanye umntwana okhalazayo ukuba ubanika imilo.
Amagqabi enziwe amagqabi aluhlaza-luhlaza, i-imbricated kunye nencinci, egubungela ngokupheleleyo amasetyana, ekhumbuza i ICompressus. Iintlobo ezininzi khupha ityuwa eninzi Ngamahlamvu ngendlela yeekristale ezincinci, ulungelelwaniso oluphambili lokuhlala kumhlaba onebrackish. Ixolo lesiqu kunye namasebe amadala bumdaka kwaye buqhekeke, kwaye ihluke kunye namasebe amancinci, aneethoni ezibomvu okanye ezimfusa.
Inkqubo yeengcambu idibanisa i-taproot enokuthi yiya ubunzulu beemitha ezininzi ekukhangeleni ukufuma kunye neengcambu ezithe tye ezingaphezulu ezikwaziyo ukukhupha IisuckersLa mandla angaphantsi komhlaba aququzelela ukuhluma kwawo kwiindawo ezinzima, kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthintele ukuwatyala kufutshane kakhulu imibhobho, amadama okanye iziseko.
Iintyatyambo, iziqhamo kunye nomjikelo
Umtamariske uyadubula phambi kwehlobo okanye ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokubanzi phambi kokuba amagqabi avele ngokupheleleyo. Iintyatyambo zi unobumba omncinci (2-3 mm), enamagqabi amahlanu kunye stamens ezintlanu, zihlanganiswe ngokuxinene izikhonkwane zecylindrical ezigqume iincam zamasebe njengelifu elipinki okanye elimhlophe. Kwezinye iindidi kunye neemeko, iintyatyambo ezimhlophe okanye ezityheli zinokubonwa.
Emva kweentyantyambo, iziqhamo zivela, zincinci capsules dehiscent (ihlala ineevalvu ezintathu) ezikhupha imbewu eninzi enikwe a intsiba, ethanda ukusasazwa kwayo kulo lonke viento (anemophilous) kunye ne amanzi (Hydrochorous). Kwindawo yayo yendalo, ukuntshula kuthandwa ngu ixesha elide lomhlaba ohluthisiweyo, ukugcina i-substrate iphuphuma iiveki okanye iinyanga ukuze kusebenze inkqubo.
Indawo yokuhlala, i-ikholoji kunye nokunyamezelana
Los Iifayile bonisa okungaqhelekanga iplastiki yendaloBahlala kwithambeka elomileyo kodwa bakwanyamezele nokubakho phantse ukuntywiliselwa, kungoko ubukho bazo kwiindonga zemilambo, amagxobhozo, imida yamadama kunye neendawo ezineetafile eziphezulu zamanzi. Ziqhelekile njenge band yendalo ukuba iibhanki zefestons, ekubeni bexhasa i ukuguquguquka komgangatho wamanzi ukusuka kwixesha lonyaka ukuya kwelinye lingcono kuneentlobo ezininzi ezikhuphisanayo.
Ukongeza, bagqama ngenxa yabo ukumelana netyuwa ukusuka emhlabeni kunye nomoya, evumela ukulinywa kwayo unxweme lokuqala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo njengoko isiphuli somoya kwiigadi zaselwandle. Ngokubhekiselele kumaqondo obushushu, banokumelana nayo ubushushu obukhulu phezulu iqabaka, kunye nemibundu eyahlukileyo ngokohlobo kunye nemvelaphi yezinto zesityalo. Kwiindawo ezinobusika obunzima, kuyacetyiswa khusela imizekelo emincinci kwiminyaka yayo yokuqala yokusekwa.
Iintlobo eziphambili ezilinywayo kunye ne-taxonomy
I-genus yeyosapho Tamaricaceae. Kwigadi kunye nokubuyiselwa konxweme lomlambo bahlala rhoqo I-tamarix yaseAfrika, T. canariensis, T. gallica, T. hispida y T. ramosissima (ikwacatshulwa njenge T. pentandra). Bonke babelana ngenkangeleko yentsiba kunye nokuxhathisa, kunye neeyantlukwano ze umbala wamaxolo, ixesha leentyatyambo o ubukhulu be-inflorescenceKwimifula ephantsi, T. africana Ixhaphake ngakumbi kwaye ibonwa zizipinki zayo ezipinki nokunye bumdaka xa kuthelekiswa nabanye ngethoni efihlakeleyo ngwevu.
Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nokubuyiselwa
Umtamariske ulungele izitiya zonxweme ukunyamezela kwayo umoya kunye netyuwa, ngokunjalo Umzekelo ohlukileyo umdla wonyaka njengakwi uluhlu y free hedgesNgenxa yeengcambu zayo ezomeleleyo, isetyenziswa kwi ukulungiswa kweendunduma, uzinzo lwe Izityambo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe iindonga zemilambo namachweba. Kwizithuba ezibanzi, ukubonakala kwayo kokulila kunye ne iintyatyambo ezininzi Banikezela ngenqaku lobumnandi obuchasene nokuxhathisa kwabo okukhulu.
Ukulima: ukukhanya, umhlaba, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa
Khangela umtamariske ilanga elipheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukudubula kweentyatyambo. Nangona ikwazi ukuziqhelanisa phantse kuwo nawuphi na umhlaba, ikhetha imihlaba ilula kwaye ichithwe kakuhle (i-sandy loam) kwaye ikhula ngamandla kumajelo asezantsi; nangona kunjalo, iyanyamezela ilitye lekalika kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ubutyuwa. Uyakwazi ukuhlala naye iinyawo ezimanzi ixesha elithile lonyaka kwaye ujongane namaxesha embalela ehlotyeni.
Xa unkcenkceshela kakhulu engafunekiyoNgexesha lokusekwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba kugcinwe i-substrate kufumile kancinci, ukuyithintela ukuba ihlale yomile ixesha elide. Ehlotyeni, iyakuxabisa ukunkcenkceshela okongeziweyo, kwaye unokuhamba yomisa i-substrate phakathi kweziceloEbusika, imvula yendawo ihlala yanele, iphinda iqalise ukunkcenkceshela phambi kwekhefu leentyatyambo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ngokuphathelele isichumiso, iintlobo ayifuni Ukuba umhlaba uchume kancinci. Ukuba ujonge ukwandisa ubunzima bamagqabi okanye ukukhawulezisa ukukhula, izichumisi ziyasebenza. I-NPK enenitrogen y micronutrients Ngexesha lokukhula. Kwizityalo zabantu abadala emhlabeni, isicelo esinye okanye ezimbini zonyaka zanele; kwizityalo ezineembiza, izichumisi zanele. ukukhanya kunye rhoqo rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbalwa kuxhomekeke kumandla.
Ukuthena, uqeqesho kunye nokugcinwa
Umtamariske uyawamkela ukuthena, nangona ayifuni ukungenelela rhoqo. Unganciphisa amasebe angaphakathi ukuphucula umoya, susa iinkuni ezonakeleyo okanye uchaze ukuba ufuna i ukukhula kwamatyholo (ukugcina amasebe aphantsi) okanye ngokucacileyo i-arboreal (ukucoca i-trunk). Ukuthenwa kwesakhiwo kucwangciswe ngexesha lokuphumla, kunye ukusikwa kwesondlo emva kokutyatyamba.
Ukuba isiphumo siyafunwa elila, ukukhula okutsha kunokuqeqeshwa phantsi kunye nezixhaso zexeshana okanye ucingo oluthambileyo. amahlumelo entwasahlobo athambileyo Bakhula ngokuthe tye kwaye bamkele isikhokelo sokukhanya kakuhle kwiiveki ezimbalwa de khumbula igophe.
Ukusasazwa: imbewu, amahlumela kunye ne-cuttings
I-genus ye-Tamarix iphinda-phinda nge imbewu, Iisuckers y ukusikaIimbewu zininzi kwaye zintle kakhulu, zine-tuft eququzelela ukusasazeka kwazo; ekulimeni, ukuntshula kuphucula kwi-substrates. kufume kakhulu kwaye uzinzile. Nangona kunjalo, kwii-amateurs kunye neengcali, eyona nto ikhawulezayo kwaye inokuthenjwa kukuphindaphinda izityalo.
Los Iisuckers ukukhutshwa kwisiseko okanye iingcambu ezingaphezulu zingahlukaniswa ngononophelo kwaye zifakwe kwi-substrate entsha kunye ne-oxygen. Ngokuphathelele ukusikwa, zombini ukusika kwemithi (ebusika) njenge iinqumle zesemi-wood (ukususela ekuqaleni kwehlobo) thatha iingcambu ngokulula. Indlela esebenzayo kakhulu kuku ngaphantsi izibonda emanzini ngexesha elifudumeleyo: ngeentsuku ezimbalwa zibonwa Ilifa kwaye emva koko idluliselwe embizeni. Ukusikwa komthi oqinileyo, kutyalwe ngokunzulu Kwi-drain substrate, nazo zithatha ingcambu ngezinga eliphezulu lempumelelo.
Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo
Umtamariske nguye yomelele kwizitshabalalisi kunye neentsholongwane kwiindawo ezininzi zemozulu apho ikhuliswe khona. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile, banokuvela mealybugs yeqokobhe elincanyathiselwe kumthi omncinci kwaye, ngakumbi, ukuhlaselwa kwe yevi zohlobo Coniatus oko kubangela ukubola. Ulawulo oludibeneyo lubandakanya ukuhlolwa rhoqo, ukuthenwa okucocekileyo kweendawo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, unyango lwendawo kunye neesepha ze-potassium okanye ioli egunyazisiweyo. Kuphephe ukugcwala kwamanzi ixesha elide embizeni kwaye ukhuthaze ukungenisa umoya kunciphisa iingxaki ze-cryptogamic.
Iphepha lokulima ngokukhawuleza
- Ifanelekile: ithafa lengca, amatye anqabileyo, ukubuyiselwa komlambo, ukulima kwegadi.
- Uhlobo losetyenziso: massif, isampuli eyodwa, ulungelelwaniso, iheji yasimahla, isithinteli-moya.
- Ubunzima bokulima: umntu ongatshatanga; rustic kakhulu kwaye iguquguquka.
- Ukuxinana kokutyala: Isityalo esi-1 kwi-m2 kwiiheji ezikhululekile; indawo ngakumbi njengomzekelo omnye.
- Umboniso: ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo.
- umhlaba pH: inyamezela konke; eyona nto ingcono kwiindawo ezingabalulekanga kakhulu.
- Uhlobo lomgangatho: ukusuka kwintlabathi ekhanyayo ukuya kwikalika okanye umhlaba onamatye; i-drainage efanelekileyo ibalulekile embizeni.
- Ukufuma komgangatho: ukusuka kumhlaba owomileyo ukuya kumhlaba omtsha; inyamezela amaxesha eenyawo ezimanzi.
Ukhule njenge bonsai
Nangona umtamariske kulula ukuhlakulela embizeni yokumelana nokuhluma kwayo, yayo umsebenzi wobuhle ifuna iqhinga: ayizizo zonke iindlela ezinika isiphumo esifanayo kunye nokuthambekela kwabo kwendalo amasebe athe tye kunye ne-spiky iimeko zoyilo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba, nangona igqabi lalo, asiyiyo i-conifer; iya kuphendula ngcono kubuchule obuthile kwimithi evuthulukayo.
Ukunkcenkceshela kunye ne-substrate kwi-bonsai
Kwibhonsai inyamezela ngokukodwa. Gcina i-substrate ifumile kodwa ayikho manzi, ukuphepha ixesha elide lokumisa okupheleleyo. Ixhasa iintlobo ngeentlobo zemixube, kuquka amacandelo i-siliceous, i-calcareous okanye enetyuwa ethile. Ukwandisa amandla, sebenzisa i-substrates ene-granulometry ezinzileyo kunye namanzi okunkcenkceshela. I-pH ephakathi.
Ukutshintshwa kunye neengcambu
Umtamariske uphuhlisa a isonka esixineneyo kakhuluKwinqanaba lokuqulunqa ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna ukutshintshwa. ngonyaka okanye rhoqo. Ukunyamezela ngaphandle kweengxaki ukucuthwa kweengcambu kakhulu Ukuba zityalwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye zikhuselwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga kunye nomoya, imbiza egcwele iingcambu emva kwexesha ibonisa impilo kunye namandla; ukuba akunjalo, luluvo olulungileyo ukuphonononga ukunkcenkceshela, ukuchumisa, kunye nokuvezwa.
Iingcingo kunye nokuqhuba
Kunikwe ukukhula kwendalo kwakhona yamasebe, i-wiring iphantse yayimfuneko ukufumana intshukumo kunye nokuwa. Iingcingo ngaphakathi ukuwa isenokungabi nasiqhamo ukuba amasebe athile aloo nyaka omile. Endaweni yoko, sebenzisa ithuba le ehlobo kunye namaxesha okuguquguquka okukhulu ukumila ngobunono, kunye nokususa kwangethuba ukuphepha amanqaku.
Ukucuthwa, ukuchithwa kwamagqabi kunye nezimbo
Ukucutha ihlumela kwangoko kakhulu green inokuguqulelwa kuyo ukulahlekelwa ngamasetyana Ukuba azikavuthwa, kungcono ukuzishiya yolula kwaye emva koko ukusikwa, ukukwazi ukukhapha kunye icoliwe ngokuyinxenye kwiisampulu ezinamandla. Ukufezekisa izitayela abantwana bekhala, emva kokuchithwa okukhethiweyo, isityalo sishiywe incam ye-apical kwaye iqhutywe ezantsi iiveki ezimbalwa kude kube ukuwa kusekwe. Ukongeza kumthi wokulila, umtamariske wamkela uyilo elimi kakuhle, ithambekele, isiqingatha sengxangxasi, kuhlaselwa, iingcambu phezu kwelitye, egona ilitye, imiboko engamawele y isimbo sokubulala.
Iingqwalasela zokhuseleko kunye nokuhlalisana
Amandla eengcambu zawo, xa kuthelekiswa naleyo ye iisosi, icebisa ukutyala umgama okhuselekileyo imibhobho, amacwecwe ekhonkrithi, amachibi okanye iindonga ezilula. Kwiigadi ezincinci, khetha iimbiza zeentyatyambo okanye ngeendidi kunye nokuthena okunciphisa umthamo weengcambu, rhoqo kunye ne-drainage efanelekileyo.
Imozulu, umoya kunye nokuba sesichengeni
IiTamarisk ziyachuma kwiindawo ezinemozulu ngcathu y iMeditera, nokunyamezela iindawo ezibandayo ukuba iintlobo ezifanelekileyo zikhethwa kwaye izithole zikhuselwe ngexesha lobusika bokuqala. Bazi ngakumbi ukumelana nomoyakubandakanya ne umoya onetyuwa elunxwemeni, nto leyo ebenza babe sisixhobo esixabisekileyo njengezikrini zezityalo okanye imida kumda wolwandle.
amanqaku Ethnobotanical kunye curiosities
Kweminye imimandla bayaxatyiswa iimfihlo ezineswekile yenziwa zizinambuzane kumasebe, ngokwesiko asetyenziswa njenge iswiti kwaye inxulumene nabadumileyo manaIxolo, lityebile ngaphakathi iitannins, isetyenziswe njengesixhobo sokwenza ulusu kunye nesalo amandla astringent. Ukusebenza kwayo kwi ukubuyiselwa komlambo wenze umtamariske uhlobo lwesalathiso kwiiprojekthi zezityalo.
