Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo nesiHlaziyiweyo seMountain Elm Care (Ulmus glabra)

Intshayelelo ye-Ulmus glabra: The Mountain Elm

El ulmus glabra, eyaziwa njenge intaba elm, i-elm yasendle u imontane elm, ngumthi omkhulu onamagqabi wentsapho ulmaceaeLo mthi uvela kwiindawo ezinkulu Europe kunye namacandelo e Asia, kwaye yahlulwa bubukho bayo kwi amahlathi afumileyo, abeech kunye namahlathi efirIxabiso layo lezendalo, lokuhombisa kunye nelokusetyenziswa lixatyiswa kakhulu, nangona kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje liye lasongelwa ngenxa Igraphiosis, isifo sokungunda esitshabalalisayo.

Inkcazo yezityalo kunye neempawu ze-Ulmus glabra

El intaba elm Ngumthi omkhulu onokufikelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 yeemitha ukuphakamaInesithsaba esibanzi, esiqale sande-ovali ebutsheni bayo, esithi siguquke siye kwimilo engqukuva-ovali ekuvuthweni. Ixolo layo ligudileyo ngokubonakalayo xa lithelekiswa nezinye iielm, ngelixa amasebe kunye namasetyana ayo axineneyo, ngakumbi kwimizekelo emincinci.

• AmaSpredishithi: Enye, ilula, i-deciduous, ibanzi (ukuya kwi-18 x 13,5 cm), eluhlaza obumnyama ngaphezulu kunye ne-pubescent ezantsi. I-Elliptical to obovate in shape, i-asymmetrical kakhulu kwisiseko kunye ne-apex etsolo. Imida inamazinyo aphindwe kabini kwaye irhabaxa kancinci xa ibamba.
• Iintyatyambo: Incinci kakhulu, ibomvu, ingabonakali kunye ne-hermaphrodite, ibonakala ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga ahlume, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
• Isiqhamo: Isiqhamo sithatha imo ye-samara ye-suborbicular enomlinganiselo ukuya kuma-25 x 18 mm, evuthwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
• Iinkuni: Iqinile, ayinyangeki ukubola kwiindawo ezifumileyo, ngokwesiko isetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kweenqanawa kunye nokuchwela okukumgangatho ophezulu.

El intaba elm Ikwahlukaniswa yingcambu enzulu kunye nenkqubo yamagqabi eyenza ukuba ixabiseke kakhulu ekuzinziseni umhlaba kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kunye nokukhusela amathambeka kumahlathi axubileyo.

Ukusasazwa, indawo yokuhlala kunye ne-Ecology

I-Ulmus glabra ikhula ngokwendalo kumcu obanzi osuka ukusuka ENtshona Yurophu ukuya kuMbindi Asia, kuquka imimandla yeentaba neentlambo ezifumileyo. Ikhetha ukuphakama okuphakathi kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu kwaye inokufunyanwa ecaleni komlambo kumahlathi axubeneyo kunye neentlobo ezifana ne-oki, i-lindens, i-maple, kunye nepines.

• Indawo yokuhlala: Iphuhlisa ngokugqibeleleyo kwimimandla ene ukufuma okuphakathi ukuya phezulu, ukuphepha imbalela yasehlotyeni ixesha elide.
• Imozulu: Inyamezela iingqele kunye neqabaka kakuhle, nangona ingabunyamezeli ngokugqithisileyo amaqondo obushushu asehlotyeni awomileyo.
• Uhlobo Lomhlaba: Tolera Imihlaba yelitye lekalika kunye nentsha, nangona ikhetha umhlaba ochumileyo, onzulu, okhutshwe kakuhle kunye nobuninzi bezinto eziphilayo.
• Ukuxhathisa kokusiNgqongileyo: Iyakwazi ukumelana nokungcoliseka komoya kunye nomoya, ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiindlela zasezidolophini.

Iindidi kunye neYantlukwano ngaphakathi kwe-Ulmus glabra

Kukho iintlobo zokuhombisa phakathi kweentlobo, eyona idumileyo ibe yile ilandelayo:

• 'Camperdownii': Ngamasebe ajingayo kunye nenkangeleko emise okweparasol, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipaki zembali kunye negadi.
• 'Pendula': Ukuxhoma iindidi ezinobukhulu obukhulu kunye nesithsaba esivuleke kakhulu.
• 'Lutescens': Ibalasele kumagqabi ayo atyheli ngokumangalisayo entwasahlobo-ehlotyeni.

Ezi ndidi ziye zaxatyiswa ngokwesiko ngenxa yexabiso lazo lobuhle, nangona ukutyalwa kwazo kuthintelwe sisoyikiso sesifo saseDutch elm.

Usetyenziso lweSintu kunye neMihla ye-Mountain Elm

I-Ulmus glabra isetyenziswe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kumgangatho womthi wayo kunye nezicelo zayo ezininzi:

• Iinkuni: Ukuchwela, ukwenza iikhabhathi, iimarquetry, ukujikajika, ukwakha iinqanawa, izixhobo zomculo, iithoyi, izixhobo kunye nezinto zodidi oluphezulu.
• Iintsinga zexolo langaphakathi: Ngokwembali yayisetyenziswa ekwenzeni iintambo kunye neentambo.
• Ifula: Amagqabi ngamanye amaxesha ebesetyenziswa njengokutya kwemfuyo.
• Iinkuni: Ithathwa njengowona mgangatho uphezulu, ibonelela ngamalahle alula anothuthu olutyebileyo kwi-potassium.
• Usetyenziso lwamayeza esintu: Ixolo liye laxabiswa ngenxa yeempawu ze-astringent kunye ne-sudorific, kwaye isetyenziselwa unyango lwasekhaya kwiimeko zesikhumba.

Ukhathalelo olubalulekileyo lwe-Ulmus glabra

Ukunyamekela umthi we<em>elm wasezintabeni kuquka ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nemozulu, umhlaba, ukunkcenkceshela, ukuchumisa, ukuthena, nokukhuselwa kwizinambuzane nezifo. Apha ngezantsi kukucazululwa komba ngamnye ongundoqo wokukhula ngokugqibeleleyo:

1. Indawo kunye neLanga

I-Ulmus glabra ikhula kakuhle kuyo ilanga elipheleleyo o semi-isithunziKwimozulu epholileyo, efumileyo, ikhetha ukuba sesichengeni selanga ukukhuthaza uphuhliso olunamandla lwecanopy. Nangona kunjalo, kwimimandla enehlobo elitshisayo, kucetyiswa ukuba unike umthunzi othile ngexesha leeyure eziphakamileyo ukuphepha uxinzelelo lwamanzi.

2. Umhlaba ofanelekileyo kunye ne-Substrate

Lo mthi ukhetha imihlaba inzulu, intsha, ityebile kwizinto eziphilayo kwaye igalelwe kakuhleIyayinyamezela ikalika kwaye ingakhula kumhlaba olula, kodwa ikhula kakuhle kumhlaba ochumileyo nofumileyo kancinci ngexesha lokukhula. Kubalulekile ukuphepha umhlaba oxineneyo okanye onamanzi, njengoko oku kunokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezifo zokungunda.

3. Ukunkcenkceshela

Kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokutyala, a Ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo Ukuseka umthi, gcina i-substrate ifumile kancinci, kodwa ungaze ube namanzi. Emva kweli xesha lokuqala, i-mountain elm iyayinyamezela imbalela ngokuphakathi, nangona kucetyiswa ukuba kwandiswe ukunkcenkceshela ehlotyeni ukuba imvula inqabile, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezomileyo.

• Kwizityalo ezizinzileyo, ziyakwazi ukumelana namaxesha amafutshane embalela, kodwa ukufuma rhoqo kukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nempilo yonke.
• Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela, njengoko kunokukhuthaza izifo zengcambu.

4. Ukuchumisa kunye nomgquba

Ukukhula okunempilo kunye namandla, umntu kufuneka chumisa ekwindla ngomgquba okanye izinto eziphilayo, kwaye ufake a isichumisi samaminerali esilungeleleneyo entwasahlobo, ngakumbi kwizityalo ezincinci. Le nkqubo yokuchumisa ikhuthaza iingcambu ezomeleleyo, isiqu kunye nokukhula kwamagqabi, okomeleza ukuxhathisa izinambuzane nezifo.

• Ukuchumisa kwimithi esele ikhulile kungahlukaniswa ngokwesithuba seminyaka emibini okanye emithathu.
• Kuphephe ukuchumisa kakhulu, ngakumbi izichumisi ezinenitrogen eninzi, njengoko oku kunokonyusa ukungenwa zizifo ezithile kunye nezinambuzane.

5. Ukuthena

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uziqhelanise ne ukuthena ebusika, ukuthatha inzuzo yokuphumla kwemifuno, ukuphelisa amasebe awomileyo, anesifo okanye awonakeleyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela ugcine ubume bomthi kunye nobuhle. Ukuthena kwakhona kunceda ekuphuculeni umoya kunye nokungena kokukhanya kwi-canopy, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo zefungal.

• Kuphephe ukuthenwa kakhulu ngexesha lokukhula ukuthintela ukuwenza buthathaka umthi.
• Ukuba amasebe achatshazelwe sisifo se-Dutch elm afunyenwe, kufuneka asuswe ngokukhawuleza kwaye atshatyalaliswe ngaphandle kwendawo ejikeleze umthi ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwefungus.

6. Ukuphindaphinda kunye noKwandisa

I-Ulmus glabra inokuphindaphindwa ngayo imbewu, ekufuneka ihlwayelwe emva kokuba iziqhamo zivuthwe ekwindla, okanye ngo ufakelo ukufumana amasimi afanayo, amelana nezifo. Ukusikwa kungathathwa phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo, nangona kunzima ukuntshula kunye nokuphuhlisa iingcambu.

Izinambuzane eziphambili kunye nezifo ze-Ulmus glabra

El intaba elm Iye yafumana ubunzima obukhulu ngenxa yesifo saseDutch elm, kodwa ayisiyiyo yodwa isoyikiso. Kubalulekile ukujonga impilo yomthi ukuchonga nokulawula naziphi na iingxaki ngexesha elifanelekileyo:

Dutch Elm Disease

La Igraphiosis Ibangelwa ngumngundo i-Ophiostoma ulmi kunye ne-Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, isasazwa ikakhulu ngamabhungane ohlobo lwe-Scolytus (elm qongqothwane). Esi sifo sivala iinqanawa ezihambisa incindi, ebangela ukuba umthi ubune kwaye ufe ngokukhawuleza. Usulelo lungenzeka ngokusebenzisa:

• Abaxhasi bezinambuzane: I-Scolytids ithwala intsholongwane yomngundo ukusuka kumthi ukuya komnye njengoko isitya amaxolo kunye namasebe.
• Izindlu: Ukungunda kunokusasazeka kwiingcambu zemithi engummelwane, ngokukhawuleza ukosulela izityalo ezitsha.

Iimpawu zokuqala ziquka ukubuna, ukuba tyheli, kunye nokoma kwamagqabi; ukuba akuthathwa amanyathelo akhawulezileyo, umthi uya kufa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.

Ukulawula kunye nokuThintelwa kweSifo se-Elm saseDutch

• Ukugcina amandla omthi ngokunkcenkceshela rhoqo kunye nokuchumisa.
• Sika kwaye ususe amasebe achaphazelekayo ngokubona iimpawu zokuqala zosulelo, uzitshabalalise ukuthintela ukusasazeka.
• Unyango lothintelo kunye ne-insecticide ethile kunye ne-fungicides, esetyenziswe kwi-trunk, amasebe kunye ne-canopy ngokweengcebiso ze-phytosanitary.
• Kwizigaba zokuqala kwaye ukuba ukuhanjiswa kuye kwaba yi-scolytids, zinokusetyenziswa iinaliti zokungunda esiqwini (inkqubo igcinelwe abasebenzi abakhethekileyo).
• Ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-20% ye-canopy echaphazelekayo, umthi udla ngokuthathwa njengento engenakuhlangulwa kwaye kufuneka ususwe, uhlukanise iingcambu kunye nemisele egcwele izinto ezingenayo.

Ezinye izifo kunye nezinambuzane

Ukongeza kwisifo se-Dutch elm, ezinye iintsholongwane zichaphazela i-Ulmus glabra:

• I-Bark Cankers: Iintlobo zefungi ezibangela izilonda kunye nokubola.
• Amabala amagqabi kunye namabala: Iifungus ezifana nePolyporus kunye neeFomu zinokukhula emva kokubulawa kakubi kwamanxeba okuthena.
• Elm leaf beetle (Galerucella luteola): I-Beetle i-larvae kunye nabantu abadala bayondla kwi-leaf blade, ishiya kuphela imithambo.
• Iibhoreli (i-Scolytus scolytus): Izinambuzane ezithanda ukuhlasela imithi ebuthathaka, ziququzelela ukungena kwefungi.
• Mealybugs: Izinambuzane ezifunxayo ezenza buthathaka umthi kwaye zinokukhupha i-honeydew, zitsala umngundo wesibini.
• Imibungu etshabalalisayo (i-Stilpnotis salicis, i-Malacosoma spp., i-Lymantria dispar, njl.njl.): Zitya emagqabini kwaye zisenza buthathaka isityalo.
• Iintshaba zetrunk (Zeuzera pyrina, Cossus cossus): Zazala kwiziqu kunye namasebe, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kulawulo lwephytosanitary.

Ukulawula, ukubeka iliso okusebenzayo, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso ethile ye-phytosanitary (ehlala ihambelana nomthetho wangoku), kunye nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwempilo yonke yomthi kuyacetyiswa ukunciphisa ubungozi bayo.

Ukuthelekiswa kwe-Ulmus glabra kunye nezinye ii-Elms kunye neZilwanyana eziNxulumeneyo

Isini Ulmus Likhaya kwiintlobo ezingama-40 ezisasazwe kuwo wonke umhlaba osemantla. Ukongeza kwi-Ulmus glabra, oku kulandelayo kubalaseleyo:

• I-Ulmus encinci (i-elm eqhelekileyo): Isasazeke kakhulu kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia, inyamezela iindawo ezomileyo ngcono kune-glabra. Ikwasetyenziswa njengengcambu kwi amasimi kunye neeprojekthi zokulungisa umhlaba.
• I-Ulmus parvifolia (i-elm yesiTshayina): Ixabiseke ngakumbi kwi-bonsai ngenxa yokuchasana kunye nokulula kokubunjwa, ukungakhuseleki kwisifo se-Dutch elm, amagqabi amancinci kunye ne-trunk yokuhlobisa.
• Ulmus pumila (elm yaseSiberia): Umthi okhula ngokukhawuleza onokuxhathisa kakhulu kwisifo saseDutch elm.
• Ulmus laevis (i-elm engcangcazelayo): Ikhetha imihlaba efumileyo kwaye yahlulwa ngombala okhanyayo wamaxolo ayo.

Ezinye iintlobo, ezifana Ulmus 'Resista', 'Sapporo Autumn Gold' y 'Sapporo Gold 2', ziye zaphuhliswa ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwabo isifo se-Dutch elm.

Izibonelelo ze-Ecological kunye neXabiso lokuhombisa le-Mountain Elm

I-Ulmus glabra idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem yayo:

• Inkxaso yeBiodiversity: Igcina iindidi ezininzi zezinambuzane neentaka.
• Ukhuseleko lomhlaba: Iingcambu zawo ezinzulu zinzinzisa umhlaba kwaye zithintele ukhukuliseko.
• Ukudala isithunzi: Icanopy yayo ebanzi neshinyeneyo iyenza ilungele iipaki, iigadi, kunye nolungelelwaniso lwezitrato kunye nezikwere.
• Ukuxhathisa kokusingqongileyo: Ukunyamezela okulungileyo kungcoliseko lwedolophu kunye nemimoya ebhudla ngamandla.

Ukuhambelana kunye noLumkelo lwezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nabantu

Ngokubanzi, i-Ulmus glabra iqwalaselwa i-inshurensi yesilwanyana, nangona ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwexolo okanye amaqabunga kufuneka kugwenywe. Amaxolo kunye namagqabi aqulethe i-tannins kunye nezinye iikhompawundi ezinokucaphukisa ngobuninzi obukhulu. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukusebenzisa iinxalenye zomthi njengeyeza lasekhaya ngaphandle kokulawulwa kweengcali akukhuthazwa.

Ukuveliswa kwakhona kunye nokuphindaphinda kwe-Ulmus glabra

Ukusasazeka kwe intaba elm kunokwenziwa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Imbewu: Vuna iisamara xa sele zivuthiwe kwaye uzihlwayele ekwindla kumhlaba okhanyayo, ofumileyo.
• Imisebenzi yobugcisa: Umkhuba oqhelekileyo xa isityalo esilinganayo sifunwa okanye ukunika ukuxhathisa izifo.
• Ukusika: Nangona ingaxhaphakanga kwaye inamazinga empumelelo asezantsi, inokuzanywa phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuzala ngempumelelo, ngakumbi kwiindidi ezichaphazeleka kwisifo se-Dutch elm, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-rootstocks exhathisayo.

Ulawulo oluPhezulu noluZinzileyo lwe-Mountain Elm

Ukugcina ngokufanelekileyo iisampulu ze-Ulmus glabra kunye nokukhuthaza ukuchacha kwazo kwindawo:

1. Ukujongwa kwezempilo: Khangela rhoqo i-canopy kunye ne-trunk, ngakumbi ngexesha lentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, ngeempawu ze-Dutch elm isifo okanye izinambuzane.
2. Ulawulo lwemithi echaphazelekayo: Susa kwaye utshabalalise imizekelo echaphazeleke kakhulu (>20% yecanopy) ukuthintela ukwanda kwezifo.
3. Ukubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphilayo: Ukukhuthaza ukutyalwa kweentlobo ezixhathisayo kunye nokudala iipaseji zendalo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zofuzo ukugcina abantu be-elm.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kweetekhnoloji ezihlakaniphile: Qwalasela ukusebenzisa ukufuma, ukukhanya, kunye nezivamvo zobushushu kumasimi amatsha ukwandisa ukunkcenkceshela nophuhliso, ukunciphisa imingcipheko.

ULondolozo lweGadi kunye noBume beNdawo kunye noLondolozo

I-Ulmus glabra ixabiswa kakhulu kwiipaki kunye nezitiya ezinkulu, nangona ukutyalwa kwayo ngoku kwenziwa ngononophelo ngenxa yengozi yesifo se-Dutch elm. Ukuyigcina njengomthi onamandla wokuhombisa:

• Ukutyala: Tyala ekwindla okanye entwasahlobo, ukhetha indawo ecocekileyo kunye nenzulu enendawo eyaneleyo yokuphuhlisa i-canopy.
• ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo: Ngokukodwa kwiminyaka yokuqala, ukulungelelanisa ukuphindaphinda ngokwemozulu kunye nokuthungwa komhlaba.
• Uqeqesho lokuthena: Yenza isithsaba kwiminyaka yokuqala ukufezekisa isakhiwo esinokulinganisela.
• Ulawulo lwePhytosanitary: Jonga izinambuzane kunye nezifo, usebenze ngokuthintela kwaye usebenzise iimveliso kuphela xa kuyimfuneko ngokungqongqo.

Kwigadi ezinzileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kudityaniswe i-elm yasezintabeni kunye nezinye iintlobo zendalo ezilungelelaniswe nemozulu yendawo ukukhuthaza ukwahlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuqina komhlaba.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga ne-Ulmus glabra Care

• Liliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala i-Ulmus glabra? Amaxesha angcono kakhulu okutyala ukuwa kunye nentwasahlobo, xa umthi unokulungelelanisa ngaphambi kwexesha lokukhula okusebenzayo okanye kwasebusika.
• Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukuthena i-elm yasezintabeni rhoqo? Ukuthena kucetyiswa kuphela ukususa amasebe afileyo, anesifo, okanye angahambi kakuhle, okanye ukuphucula isakhiwo; akufuneki ukuthenwa rhoqo ngonyaka.
• Yintoni enokuyenza ukuba umthi ubonisa iimpawu zesifo se-Dutch elm? Yenza ngokukhawuleza ngokusika kunye nokususa amasebe achaphazelekayo kwaye udibane neengcali ukuze usebenzise unyango oluthile.
• Ngaba i-Ulmus glabra ifanelekile kwimozulu eyomileyo? Ikhetha imozulu epholileyo kunye nefumileyo, nangona ingahlala kwindawo ezomileyo ukuba ifumana unkcenkceshelo olongezelelweyo kunye nezinto ezilungileyo eziphilayo emhlabeni.
• Ziziphi iimpawu ezahlula i-Ulmus glabra kwi-Ulmus minor? Amagqabi omthi we-glabrous abanzi kwaye anqabile, kwaye amaxolo awo alula; ukongeza, umthi we-glabrous uvame ukukhula kwindawo emanzi kunye nepholile.

I-Ulmus glabra, okanye i-mountain elm, ngumthi omkhulu obaluleke kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nokuhombisa. Ukulinywa kwayo kufuna ingqalelo ecokisekileyo ekuthinteleni izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo kunye nezifo, ngakumbi isifo se-Dutch elm, kunye nokukhethwa kwendawo efanelekileyo enomhlaba ochumileyo, ukufuma okuhle kunye nokukhanya okwaneleyo kwelanga. Ixabiso layo ekukhuselweni komhlaba, kwizinto eziphilayo, kunye nokubukeka komhlaba lihlala lingenakulinganiswa. Ukunyamekela nokugcina iisampuli ezikhoyo kuya kunceda ukubuyisela ubungangamsha bolu hlobo luphawu lwembonakalo yomhlaba yaseYurophu naseAsia.