Ukutyala imithi kwiibhedi zembewu yindlela esebenzayo kwaye elawulwa ukuqalisa izityalo ezitsha, ezilungele amabhoma kunye nezitiya. Ivumela khusela ukuntshula ukusuka kutshintsho lobushushu ngesiquphe, izinambuzane, kunye nokunkcenkceshelwa ngokungaqhelekanga, ukongeza ekuququzeleleni ulawulo lwezithole nganye kwisokethi yaso. Ikwangumsebenzi i-didactic kwaye iyakhuthaza kakhulu Kubantwana kunye nabaqalayo: ukulungiselela i-substrate, ukuhlwayela, ukujonga ukuzalwa kunye nokutshintshwa kufundisa umjikelezo opheleleyo wezityalo.
Kodwa… kwenziwa njani ukutyalwa kwiibhedi zembewu?
Ngezantsi uya kufumana inkqubo inyathelo ngesinyathelo, ngeengcebiso ezisebenzayo kunye namanqaku abalulekileyo okuphumeza ukuntshula okufanayo. Uza kubona ukuba yeyiphi ibhedi oza kuyikhetha, yeyiphi i-substrate enokusetyenziswa, indlela yokugcina umswakama kunye nobushushu obufanelekileyo, kunye nexesha lokutshintshela ngaphandle kokonakalisa iingcambu.
1. Hlwayela imbewu yexesha lonyaka
Hlonipha i ixesha lokutyala yohlobo ngalunye. Jonga ipakethe yembewu, izikhokelo ezincinci okanye ikhalenda yokutyala kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, uyilungelelanise neyakho Imozulu yendawoKwimithi, iintlobo ezininzi ezipholileyo zifuna istratification ebandayo (ixesha elibandayo elilawulwayo) ukuphula i-dormancy. Hlwayela kubunzulu obumalunga 1 ukuya ku-2 ubukhulu ngembewu; ezona zihle kakhulu zisasazwe phezu komhlaba kwaye zicinezelwe ngobumnene ukuze ziququzelele ukudibanisa ne-substrate. Ungabonisana kwakhona ikhalenda yokuhlwayela yenyanga iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Icebiso: Funda imiyalelo yomenzi: babonelela ubushushu obulungileyo, iimfuno zokukhanya, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nesakhelo sokutyala esicetyiswayo sokutshintshwa kwexesha elizayo.
2. Iintlobo zeebhedi zembewu
Kukho iitreyi ezine alveoli ezine imingxuma yokukhupha amanzi, iimbiza zepeat kunye neepelisi ezicinezelweyo (Jiffy). Olu khetho lunciphisa i ukuvezwa kweengcambu ngexesha lokutshintshwa kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwezityalo. Iitreyi zi inokuphinda isebenze kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uvelise izityalo ezininzi kwindawo encinci, ukuthintela ukuba bakhuphisane. Unako kwakhona sebenzisa izikhongozeli ezincinci zezithole baphuculwe nanini na banayo imingxunya kwisiseko.
Enye inketho yi-mini greenhouse yeetreyi ezininzi. Sekunjalo, khumbula khupha umoya rhoqo ukulinganisa ukufuma kunye neoksijini, eyona nto ingundoqo kwimbewu ikwazi ukuphefumla kwaye ingaboli.
3. Inxalenye yezityalo
I-substrate kufuneka ibe ilula, ibhityile kwaye inemingxuma ukuze ingcambu ingene ngaphandle kobunzima, ngokulungileyo ukugcinwa kokufuma kodwa ngaphandle kokukhukula. Ungasebenzisa enye yeebhedi zembewu okanye wenze umxube kunye nenxalenye enye ye-peat, inxalenye enye isanti yomlambo okanye i-perlite entle kunye neenxalenye ezimbini ze-universal substrate. Yinyakamise i-substrate phambi kokutyala kwaye uyilinganise ukuze ibe njalo gungxula kwi-alveoli.
Yiphephe imihlaba enzima, exineneyo: ithintela ukuntshula kwaye ithande ukungunda. Ukuba ukhe waneengxaki nge-damping-off, unako ukuphucula umoya kunye nokunciphisa ukufuma okugqithisileyo ukunqanda.
4. Yandisa inqanaba lokufuma
Ukufuma okuzinzileyo kukhawulezisa kwaye kwenza i-homogenizes intshule. Gquma ibhedi yembewu nge ifilim ephandle enemingxuma ukugcina umphunga kunye nokuvumela ukutshintshiselana komoya. Air imizuzu embalwa yonke imihla inceda ukuthintela ukujiya okugqithisileyo kunye nokungunda. Ukuba i-substrate yomile, fafaza amanzi nge-a isitshizi esihle ngaphandle kwezikhukula.
Enye inketho yi-mini greenhouse yeetreyi ezininzi. Sekunjalo, khumbula khupha umoya rhoqo ukulinganisa ukufuma kunye neoksijini, eyona nto ingundoqo kwimbewu ikwazi ukuphefumla kwaye ingaboli.
5. Ibonelela ngobushushu
Uninzi lweentlobo zintshula kakuhle phakathi 20 kunye nama-30 ºC. Ungabeka ibhedi yembewu kwi-a ingubo eshushu okanye kufutshane nomthombo wobushushu othambileyo ukuzinzisa ubushushu. Emva kongxamiseko, yehlisa ubushushu kancinci kwaye uqinisekise ukukhanya okuninzi ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okuhlangeneyo. Gwema ukutshisa i-substrate, njengoko oku kukhawulezisa ukukhuphuka kwe-evaporation kwaye kunokomisa.
6. Umoya kunye nokukhanya ekukhuleni okunempilo
Xa izithole zokuqala zivela, susa ifilimu kwaye ubeke i-seedbed kwindawo engenamoya. eqaqambileyo, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuthe ngqo kumanqanaba okuqala. Ukungabikho kokukhanya kubangela ukubhitya (izityalo ezinde, ezibuthathaka), ezineziqu ezithanda ukugula. Jikelezisa itreyi rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa ukuze bafumane ukukhanya ngokulinganayo. iyunifomu.
- Ibhedi yembewu: Sebenzisa iitreyi zokuntshula ezineziciko okanye iiseli; khangela i imingxuma yokukhupha amanziUkuba uphucula izikhongozeli, gqobhoza umzantsi kwaye ugcine itreyi esezantsi ukuqokelela amanzi.
- Inxalenye engaphantsi: Gcwalisa kunye nenqanaba. Ifanele ukuba njalo ndimanzi (ayifakwanga) ngexesha lokutyala. Ukuthungwa okucokisekileyo ngundoqo ekuveleni okuyimpumelelo. iyunifomu.
- Ukuhlwayela: Beka imbewu enye kwi-alveolus ukuba inkulu; amabini okanye amathathu ukuba mancinci, ukuwahlula. I-inshorensi kakhulu ukuphakama kabini wembewu. Cinezela ngobumnene nge-splint okanye intonga ukuze ukhusele contact ngomxube.
- Ukuntshula: gcina ukufuma kunye nobushushu ezinzile. Gubungela ngesiciko okanye ifilimu enemingxuma kwaye ukhuphe umoya rhoqo ngosuku okanye ezimbini. Xa untshula, susa isigqubuthelo uze usibeke kwindawo ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo. ilanga.
- Ukhetho: Ukuba abaninzi bazalwa nge-alveolus nganye, igcina i- izithole ezinamandla kakhulu kwaye uwasuse amanye ngokuwasika agungxulwe ngesikere ukunqanda ukonakalisa iingcambu.
- Ukukhala: Xa benamagqabi okwenene ama-2-3, tshintshela kwisitya esikhulu. Soloko uphathwa yi amagqabi (kungekhona ngesiqu), usebenzisa intonga ukunceda ukuphakamisa izithole. Yenza umngxuma, ubeke ingcambu, cinezela i-substrate ejikeleze entanyeni kwaye amanzi ngobunono.
- Ukuqina kunye nokutshintshwa: Ngaphambi kokuba ubakhuphele ngaphandle, ziqhelanise nazo iintsuku ezininzi ngokunyusa i umoya ongenisa umoya kunye nokukhanya. Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, xa ingcambu yebhola yenziwe, yihambise kwindawo yayo yokugqibela kunye ne uxinzelelo oluncinci kunokwenzeka.
Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo kunye neempazamo eziqhelekileyo
- Faka ileyibhile ngetreyi nganye iintlobo kunye nomhla ukulawula inkqubo.
- Nkcenkceshela ngcono capillarity okanye ngesitshizi; ziphephe iijethi ezithe ngqo ezilahla imbewu.
- Faka umoya rhoqo ukuthintela amakhowa kunye nevumba elibi kwi-substrate.
- Ziphephe ii-substrates ezibandayo okanye iidrafti: imbewu idinga a i-microclimate ezinzileyo.
Ukuhlwayela kwiibhedi zembewu kukunika ulawulo olupheleleyo ukuntshula kwaye ukukhula kwangethuba kukuvumela ukuba ufumane izityalo ezininzi notyalo-mali oluncinci kwaye kunciphisa ukusilela emasimini. Nge-substrate elungileyo, ukufuma okulawulwayo, ubushushu obaneleyo, kunye nokukhanya okuninzi, izithole ziyakhula. yomelele kwaye ixinene, ilungele ukuphumelela xa uqhaqho lwakho lufika.