Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokukhulisa kunye nokukhathalela imephu yaseJapan (i-Acer palmatum): iintlobo, ukuzala, kunye neengcebiso zokukhula okunempilo.

El Imephu yaseJapan, ngokwenzululwazi eyaziwa njenge Acer palmatum, yenye yezona mithi zidumileyo nezixatyisiweyo ngabalimi kunye nabalungisi bomhlaba kwihlabathi jikelele. Lo mthi omncinci wemvelaphi yase-Asiya ubalasele ngobuhle bamagqabi awo, ubume obumangalisayo bemibala yawo yexesha elithile kunye nokuguquguquka kwenkangeleko yawo, ulungele ukutyalwa kwegadi kunye nokubunjwa, okanye ukubunjwa kwezityalo. bonsaiNgenxa yokomelela, ubuhle, kunye nokuguquguquka, imephu yaseJapan iye yaba yindawo ekugxilwe kuyo kwiigadi ezininzi kunye neendawo eziluhlaza, ukubonelela ngochuku olungaqhelekanga kunye nokuhlobisa unyaka wonke, kodwa ngakumbi ekwindla.

Yintoni imaple yaseJapan? Iimpawu eziphambili

Imaple yaseJapan ivela kuyo IJapan kunye neSouth Korea, apho igqwesa kuzo zombini iigadi zemveli kunye neepaki zendalo. Ngokwezityalo, yeyentsapho SapindaceaeLo mthi usuka ubungakanani obuphakathi okanye bushy, enokufikelela phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-10 yeemitha ukuphakama phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zangaphandle. Kwiimbiza okanye kwiindawo ezincinci, ubungakanani bayo bunokukhawulwa kwiimitha ezi-2-4, okwenza kube lula ukukhula kwi-terraces, i-patios, okanye iibhalkhoni.

Owona mtsalane mkhulu ulele kuyo amagqabi esundu, enemiphetho ecolekileyo kunye nemilo ekhumbuza isandla esivulekileyo, kunye neelobe ezitsolo ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe. La magqabi ahluka kakhulu ngobukhulu kunye nombala ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi, ukusuka kwi-4 ukuya kwi-10 yeesentimitha, kwaye athatha i-shades eluhlaza, etyheli, ebomvu, emfusa, okanye e-variegated, kuxhomekeke kwixesha kunye neentlobo ezikhulileyo. Ngexesha lekwindla, imephu yaseJapan ibetha kakhulu.: I-chlorophyll iyancipha kwaye i-pigments efana ne-carotenoids kunye ne-anthocyanins ibonakala, inika iglasi ebomvu, i-orange, imfusa okanye igolide.

Lo mthi unjalo isigqibo, ngoko ilahlekelwa ngamagqabi ayo ekwindla emva kokutshintsha kombala, okusivumela ukuba sicinge ngamagatsha awo anesono kunye namagxolo awo ngexesha lasebusika, apho kwezinye iintlobo zifumana amathoni okuhlobisa obomvu, aluhlaza okanye amdaka. Ngentwasahlobo ivelisa encinci iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe ngamaqela, ehamba phantse ingaqatshelwa xa kuthelekiswa nomtsalane wamagqabi, ilandelwa ziziqhamo ngendlela iisamara ezinamaphiko ezixhasa ukwanda kwendalo kweentlobo.

Ubume becanopy yayo iqhele ukuba yi-oval okanye i-arched kancinane, inamasebe amnandi, athobileyo ayinika inkangeleko eethe-ethe nehombisayo. Ukukhula imaple Japanese yi lento: Ukusuka kwimbewu inokuthatha iminyaka eyi-7 ukuya kwe-10 ukufikelela kwinzaliseko kunye nokuvuthwa kwayo, nangona ukususela kunyaka wokuqala inokukhula malunga neesentimitha ezingama-50 phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.

Imaple yaseJapan ikwaliqabane eligqwesileyo le intlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, njengoko amasebe awo efumana ikhusi kwiintaka ezinjengeentaka zegolide, ezifumana ikhusi nezizalela kuphahla lwazo. Ngaphaya koko, amasebe namaxolo ayo anexabiso elikhulu lokuhombisa, ade asetyenziswe ekulungisweni kweentyatyambo nakwiiprojekthi zobungcali zokuhombisa umhlaba. Ngokungathi oko akwanelanga, ukuqina kwayo kunye nokuziqhelanisa neemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo kuyenza ibe ngumthi olula kakhulu ukuwugcina kwiigadi zazo zonke iintlobo.

Iindidi kunye nee-subspecies zemaple yaseJapan

El Acer palmatum Inenani elikhulu le-subspecies kunye neentlobo ezilinywayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho ngaphezu 1000 imihlanganisela Iphuhliswe ngokukhethwa kwendalo kunye neenguqu, kunye nokuxhunyelelwa ngabakwa-nursery kunye nee-hobbyists ukuphumeza iimpawu ezithile ezifana nombala wamagqabi, imilo, okanye ukuxhathisa kwemozulu. Ii-subspecies eziphambili ezaziwayo zezi:

• Matsumurae: Iphawulwe ngamagqabi amakhulu aneencam ezinqamlezileyo, ixhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla yeentaba yaseJapan. Inomkhwa wokukhula ngamandla kwaye ingaphezulu komndilili kwimozulu ebandayo.
• IPalmatum: Inamagqabi amancinci kodwa ajonge ngaphakathi kwaye ahlulwe kakhulu, afumaneka ikakhulu kumbindi nakumazantsi eJapan. Inika ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokuqina kunye nesibheno sokuhlobisa.
• I-amoenum: Ihluke ngamagqabi amakhulu, ukuya kwi-10 cm, ifumaneka ngokubanzi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zaseJapan naseKorea. Ipateni yokukhula kwayo ithe nkqo kwaye iyaziqhelanisa kakuhle nomhlaba opholileyo nofumileyo.

Phakathi kwezona cultivars zidumileyo nezithengiswa kakhulu kwigadi kunye neembiza zeentyatyambo zezi:

1. Ukuhlawulwa: Iyaziwa ngamahlamvu ayo abomvu azinzileyo phantse unyaka wonke, ilungele ukubonelela ngombala osisigxina.
2. Igazi: ukuguqulwa kweAtropurpureum, ibalasele ngenxa yokuqina kwamagqabi ayo abomvu kunye ukunyamezela okukhulu kobushushu.
3. Butterfly: amagqabi anemiphetho emhlophe kunye nenkangeleko ehonjisiweyo kakhulu, ilungele ukuqokelelwa kweemaple kunye nemibala eyahlukeneyo.
4. Ukusasazwa: Ukuchetywa okugqithisileyo kwamagqabi awo kulinganisa ukumila kweenaliti ezintle, okukhokelela kwisiphumo esinentsiba kunye ne-ethe-ethe esixatyiswa kakhulu kwibhonsai kunye neegadi zaseJapan.
5. UKatsura: Ivelisa amagqabi aneethoni ezimbini adibanisa tyheli, eluhlaza kunye neorenji, etshintsha i-hue ngexesha lonyaka ngalinye.
6. Inkosazana encinci: i-compact shrub, ngokulambisa ukufikelela kwi-2 yeemitha kunye nesithsaba esingaqhelekanga, esixabiswa kakhulu kwiigadi ezincinci okanye iimbiza.
7. osakazuki: Inqaku layo eliqinileyo libomvu elibukhali elifunyanwa ngamagqabi ekwindla.
8. Sango kaku: idume ngombala obomvu obomvu okanye obomvu wamasebe awo amancinci, avela ngokukodwa ebusika nasekwindla.
9. Seiryu: enye yeentlobo ezimbalwa ezinamaqabunga ahlulwe ngokucokisekileyo akhula ngokuthe nkqo, kunye ne-shades ukusuka kwi-orange ukuya kubomvu ekwindla.

Nganye kwezi ntlobo zineemfuno ezahlukileyo kancinci kunye nemikhwa yokukhula, kodwa zabelana ngokuguquguquka okugqwesileyo kunye namandla okusetyenziswa kuzo zombini iigadi zamandulo kunye nokuqokelelwa kwebhonsai okanye iigadi zesikhongozeli.

Ukhula njani imaple yaseJapan?

Imaple yaseJapan ingaphindaphindwa yi imbewu, ukusika, ufakelo y iingqinibaNangona kunjalo, obona buchule buxhaphakileyo kwii-nursery ukuqinisekisa iimpawu ezithile kukuxhunyaniswa, njengoko kuvumela iimpawu zendidi ethile ukuba iveliswe ngokuthembekileyo kwaye ikhawulezise ukukhula kwezityalo.

Ukuzaliswa kwembewu

Ukusasaza i-maple yaseJapan ngembewu, imbewu kufuneka iqokelelwe xa iqala ukuma, ngokuqhelekileyo ekwindla. Ukuhlwayela kwenziwa kwi-substrate ene-acidic kancinane kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubeke imbewu kwisixhobo sokutyala esikhulu, ucinezele kancinci phezu komhlaba kwaye ugcine umhlaba emhlabeni. i-substrate ehlala ifumileIngqele yendalo ngexesha lasebusika inceda ukuntshula, ngoko kuhle ukushiya isixhobo sokutyala ngaphandle komthunzi. Xa amahlumela okuqala ebonakala entwasahlobo, uwafake kwiimbiza zodwa.

Ukuzaliswa ngokusikwa

Ngentwasahlobo, amagatsha amancinci, anamandla anqunywe, afakwe kwi-hormone ye-rooting, kwaye angcwatywe kumhlaba omanzi, ngokukhethekileyo kwindawo enomthunzi. Ekuhambeni kweeveki ezininzi, baya kuphuhlisa iingcambu zabo.

Uludwe

Ukugcina iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zeentlobo ezithile, ukuzala kuqhutyelwa ukumiliselwa kwingcambu yeAcer palmatumLe ndlela yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-nursery kwaye iqinisekisa uzinzo lwemfuza. Iigrafti zikholisa ukuvelisa izityalo ezifikelela kwi-5 yeemitha ubude.

Ulwahlulwe

Ukwaleka kuvumela i-maple yaseJapan ukuba isasazwe ukusuka kumasebe asezantsi ngokwenza i-fissure encinci kwaye iyigqume nge-substrate de ibe neengcambu.

Ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela, kuyenzeka ukukhetha kwimihlanganisela engaphezu kwewaka kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukhetho luya kuxhomekeka kwiinjongo zokuhlobisa kunye nendawo ekhoyo.

Ukhathalelo olubalulekileyo lwemaple yaseJapan

Ukukhanya kunye nendawo

Imaple yaseJapan idinga a indawo epholileyo kwaye eqaqambileyo, kodwa ikhuselwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezishushu. Kwimimandla epholileyo okanye efumileyo, inokunyamezela ilanga lasekuseni, kodwa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obushushu, obumileyo Kunyanzelekile ukuba uyibeke kwi-semi-shade okanye phantsi kokhuseleko lwemithi emikhulu. Ilanga elithe ngqo lasemini linokubangela ukutshisa kwamagqabi kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, okuchaphazela umbala kunye namandla abo.

Ukumelana nemozulu

Iyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu ukuya kutsho kwi 30 ºC kunye nobuncinci bobushushu obufikelela kwi -18 ºC kwiindidi ezomeleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, Iiqabaka eziqatha kunye nomoya owomileyo zingonakalisa amagqabi kunye nokunciphisa ukukhula. Ebusika obubanda kakhulu, kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela izityalo ezincinci kunye neembiza ezine-thermal mesh okanye uzibeke kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.

Unkcenkceshelo

Kubalulekile ukugcina a ukufuma rhoqo kwi-substrate, kodwa ngaphandle kwamanzi. Imaphu yaseJapan ikhetha ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kodwa okuphakathi, okulungiselelwe ixesha kunye nemozulu. Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise amanzi athambileyo, ngakumbi amanzi emvula, okanye wongeze amathontsi ambalwa ejusi yelamuni emanzini ukuba i-calcareous kakhulu, ukugcina i-acidic pH. Embizeni, i-frequency iya kuba nkulu, isoloko ithintela ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi ezantsi kwesitya.

Umhlaba kunye ne-substrate

I-substrate kufuneka ibe iasidi encinci (pH phakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-6), intsha, isanti, kunye ne-drainage egqwesileyo. Kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa i-substrate ekhethekileyo yezityalo ezithanda i-asidi, nangona i-asidi ingaphuculwa ngokudibanisa iinaliti zepine okanye umhlaba we-chestnut. Xa ukutshintshwa, umhlaba kufuneka ukhululwe kakuhle kwaye inxalenye ye-substrate kufuneka ihlaziywe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, ngakumbi kwizityalo ezifakwe emanzini.

Ukuthena

La ukuthena akuyomfuneko kakhulu, ngaphandle kokususa amasebe awomileyo okanye awonakeleyo okanye ukulungisa imilo yobuhle. Ukugcina uhlobo oluhlonyelweyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuthenwe amasebe okanye amahlumela atshintsha umbala kwaye athambekele ekubuyeleni kuhlaza lwawo lwangaphambili, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwa ukulahleka kweempawu ezinqwenelekayo. Ukuthena kancinci kunokwenziwa ukulawula ubungakanani kwiimbiza okanye ukwenza iheji ephantsi.

Umbhalisi

Kucetyiswa ukuchumisa entwasahlobo kunye nezichumisi ezithile zezityalo ezithanda i-asidi, ukubonelela ngezinto eziphilayo kunye nezondlo eziza kukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nombala wamahlamvu.

Ukufakelwa kweembiza

Kucetyiswa ukuba uphinde uphothe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, ngokufanelekileyo ebusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, xa umthi ulele. Oku kubuyiselwa kwakhona kuvumela uhlaziyo lwenxalenye ye-substrate kunye nemeko yeengcambu, ukuthintela ukuba zingabi kudala okanye zikrwitshwe.

Ungatyala njani iMaple yaseJapan kwimbiza

Imaphu yaseJapan ilungele ukukhula kwiimbiza ngenxa yokukhula kwayo okulawulwayo kunye nokulungelelanisa okuphezulu. Ukuyityala ngempumelelo, landela la manyathelo:

• Khetha ibe nye imbiza enkulu kunye nemingxuma yokukhupha amanzi kwaye ulungiselele i-universal substrate etyetyiswe ngesinye kwisithathu se-acidophilic substrate okanye umhlaba we-chestnut.
• Beka umaleko wegrabile okanye amatye emazantsi ukuze uphucule amanzi amdaka kwaye uthintele ukufuma okugqithisileyo.
• Susa imephu yaseJapan kwisitya sayo sokuqala, ugobe ngobunono iingcambu, kwaye ususe i-substrate endala.
• Beka isityalo phakathi kwebhodwe, gcwalisa izikhewu nge-substrate elungiselelwe, kwaye ucinezele kancinci ukuhlalisa umhlaba.
• Nkcenkceshela ngokucokisekileyo emva kokutshintshwa kwesityalo kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uyigcina imbiza kwindawo enomthunzi, ukuthintela ukuchanabeka ngokuthe ngqo kwilanga elibukhali.
• Hlaziya umaleko ophezulu we-substrate rhoqo entwasahlobo kwaye wongeze isichumisi esikhethekileyo kwizityalo ezithanda i-asidi.

Ikhuliswe phantsi kwezi meko, imaple yaseJapan ingaphila iminyaka emininzi, ifuna kuphela ukuphinda kufakwe imbiza rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini okanye emithathu ukunqanda iingcambu ekubeni zibambene kwaye zibole.

Iingcebiso kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo ekukhuleni kwemephu yaseJapan

• Kuphephe ukuqubhaAmanzi agqithisileyo ngoyena nobangela wezifo zokungunda kunye nokubola kweengcambu. Ngalo lonke ixesha sebenzisa ii-substrates zokukhupha kakuhle.
• Ikhusela emoyeni: Imimoya enamandla ikhawuleza ikhuphe amagqabi kwaye inokubangela ukuwa kwangaphambi kwexesha.
• Beka iliso kwimbonakalo yezinambuzaneIintwala, i-spider mites, kunye ne-mealybugs zingonakalisa amagqabi, nangona i-maple yaseJapan ixhathisa. Ukuba zivela, phatha nge-insecticide ethile kwaye ujonge ukufuma.
• Kuphephe ukuthena kakhulu: Susa kuphela amasebe afileyo okanye amahlumela angafunekiyo, ngakumbi lawo abuyela kumbala oluhlaza ukuba injongo yakho kukugcina iindidi ezihlonyelwe.
• Ilawula ipH yomhlaba: Ukuba ufumanisa i-chlorosis (amagqabi aphuzi aneemitha eziluhlaza), lungisa i-pH ngokufaka i-iron chelates kunye namanzi ane-asidi.
• Tyala ngexesha elifanelekileyo: Elona xesha lilungileyo lokutshintshwa kunye nokutyalwa okutsha kusekupheleni kobusika, ngexesha lokulala.

Isimboli kunye nexabiso lokuhombisa lemaphu yaseJapan

Kwinkcubeko yaseJapan, imephu ifanekisela uxolo, ukuzola kunye nemvisiswano nendaloIngumthi osisiseko kwiigadi zaseJapan, ukuba ngumlinganiswa oyintloko kumbhiyozo we UMomiji (umboniso wasekwindla wokutshintsha umbala wamagqabi). Ngenxa yexabiso layo lobuhle, isetyenziswa kuzo zombini iigadi ezisesikweni nezingekho sikweni, kwigadi zamatye, ecaleni kwamachibi, okanye kwizikhongozeli nakwiipatio, apho ubuhle bayo bukhazimla nakwindawo ezincinci.

Ukongeza kwindima yayo yokuhombisa, imephu yaseJapan ibonelela ngezinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo, indawo yokusabela iintaka, kunye nokutshintsha kobukho bembonakalo unyaka wonke, ukusuka kwintlakohlaza ukuya kubusika bamasebe kunye namaxolo anemibala.

Imaple yaseJapan yenye yezona ntlobo zininzi, ezintle, kwaye kulula ukuzigcina kwigadi yokuhombisa. Ngombulelo kubuninzi beentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ubude bazo obahlukeneyo, imibala, kunye neemilo, uya kuhlala ufumana umzekelo ohambelana nendawo kunye neemfuno zakho, ezisa ubugocigoci kunye nombala kwigadi yakho, i-terrace, okanye i-balcony unyaka wonke.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ukhathalelo lweMaple yaseJapan kunye neeMfihlo: Gqibezela iSikhokelo sokuKhula kwiiGadi kunye neePoti