Isigqibo se IBhunga leSixeko saseValencia ukugawula ngaphezu 7.000 womnga yezitrato neepaki zeso sixeko iye yavusa eyona mpikiswano inzulu yemekobume neyobumelwane kutshanje. Umlinganiselo, ukhuthazwa yi isibetho brown mealybug (Pulvinaria psidii) echaphazela kakhulu le mithi, ibangele inkcaso emandla evela kwinkcaso, amaqela okusingqongileyo kunye nommandla ochaphazelekayo. Ingxoxo-mpikiswano igxile kwimiba ephambili efana ngokungafihli ekwenziweni kwezigqibo zikamasipala, impumelelo yonyango olusetyenzisiweyo, ikamva lezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ezidolophini kunye nolawulo oluzinzileyo lweendawo eziluhlaza.
Kwakutheni ukuze kugawulwe kakhulu imithi yomnga? Imvelaphi kunye nobubanzi bempikiswano
IAcacias, ekwaziwa njenge Zeziphi iimpawu zomthi womnga? okanye iimelias, zenza i isithathu iintlobo ezininzi kakhulu kwimithi yasezidolophini yaseValencia. Isasazeke kuzo zonke iindawo ezinje ngeMontolivet, iLa Petxina, iPla del Remei kunye ne-l'Eixample, ubukho babo bongeza ngaphezu koku. Iikopi ze7.500, ngokwedatha kamasipala. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i iziganeko ze-cochineal pest ikhule ngendlela i-exponential, ukusuka kumatyala anecdotal ukuya kuhlaselo lokwenyani olushiye iindlela ezininzi kunye neendawo zikawonkewonke. igqunywe kwimolasi encangathi, okubangela ingxaki yokungcola okuxhaphakileyo nokwanda kwezidubedube ekuhlaleni.
La imolasses Eyona ngxoxo iphambili yokugawulwa kwemithi kukuba izinambuzane zosulela imithi. Ayikruquki kwaye ayikhathazi kuphela, kodwa iphinda yonakalise ifenitshala yasesitalatweni kunye nezithuthi kwaye yenza ukugcwala kwabahambi ngeenyawo kube nzima kwizitrato ezininzi. ISebe leePaki neeGadi lazise ngokusesikweni abemi abaninzi ukuba le ngxaki inakho igqithile kumthamo wokulawulwa ngonyango lwesiqhelo, njenge-endotherapy, isepha ye-potassium okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinambuzane ezigunyazisiweyo ezifana ne-acetamiprid.
Ulawulo lukamasipala: izigqibo zobugcisa, ukugxekwa kwezopolitiko kunye neemfuno zokunika ingxelo
La ISebe leePaki kunye neeGadi, phantsi kolawulo lwe Juanma Badenas (Vox), uye wachaza ukuba i-acacias echaphazelekayo iya kuba barhoxiswa ngokuqhubekayo njengoko bengena kwisigaba sokuhlehla. Indlela, ikhuselwe esidlangalaleni ngabo bobabini USodolophu uMaría José Catalá njengoko ngumntu ophetheyo kwindawo, isekelwe kwi ngoku akunakwenzeka ukugcina imithi echaphazelekayo, ukukhetha ukuzitshintsha kufake ezinye iintlobo ezixhathisayo nezingachaphazeleki kangako sisitshabalalisi.
Noko ke, inkcaso yezobupolitika—kanye Elisa Valía (PSPV-PSOE) kunye USergi Campillo (Compromís) entloko—uchaze umsebenzi njengowenene i-arboricide kwaye uye wafuna ukufikelela kuyo zonke iingxelo zobugcisa ezixhasa imfuneko yokugawulwa okukhulu kwemithi. UValía ubhengeze i ukungeniswa kwezikhalazo kwiSindicatura de Comptes kunye neSíndic de Greuges, ephikisana nesityholo sokungabikho kwamaxwebhu obugcisa aneleyo okuthethelela ukususwa kwamawaka emithi. Ngaphaya koko, urhulumente wasekhaya utyholwa ngokungaphinde atyale imingxuma emininzi yemithi engenanto okanye ngokuba nemithi. Isicwangciso esiPhambili seMithi, njengoko kusenzeka kwezinye izixeko.
Ngokwenxalenye yalo, ulawulo lugxininisa ukuba isicwangciso asikho a ukugawulwa okukhulu kwangoko, kodwa a inkqubo eqhubelekayo ngokuxhomekeke kwiikhrayitheriya zobugcisa, efuna "ukubuyiselwa okuzolileyo" okubeka phambili impilo yasezidolophini kodwa kunye nokubuyiselwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwemithi ngeentlobo ezifanele ngakumbi imeko yedolophu yaseValencia.
Izizathu ezibangela ukugawulwa kwemithi: uhlaselo lwezinambuzane, ukucocwa, nolawulo lwenkunkuma yasezidolophini
Las Umnga owosulelwe yi-mealybug emdaka Bakhupha isiraphu eneswekile egquma iindledlana zeenyawo, izithuthi, ifanitshala kawonke-wonke, ingakumbi ngamaxesha ashushu namanzi. Le nto ayimnandi nje kuphela, kodwa ikhuthaza ukwanda kwefungi kunye neebhaktheriya, yaye inokuba negalelo kwiingozi ezimtyibilizi. Ukuqokelelwa kwezikhalazo ezivela kubahlali malunga nezitrato ezingcolileyo kuye kwabangela ukuba iBhunga leSixeko libeke phambili ukutshintshwa, nangona amaqela amaninzi ecinga ukuba le ngxabano ayanelanga.
Iingcali kunye namaqonga abemi bakhumbula oko ezinye iintlobo zasedolophini Zikwavelisa inkunkuma (iintyatyambo, amagqabi okanye umbethe wobusi), njengejacarandas kunye nemithi yendiza, kodwa azisuswanga ngobuninzi Ngenxa yezi zizathu, isigqibo senziwe ukomeleza ukucoca kunye nokugcinwa. Kukho umnxeba wokuphonononga amaxesha okucoca kunye neenkonzo zokutshayela ezitalatweni, kuba, ngokutsho kweeakhawunti zabahlali, kwezinye iindawo, iinyanga zinokuhamba ngaphandle kokuba abasebenzi bokucoca bakamasipala bathathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo.
Ulawulo luyayigcina loo nto unyango lwebhayoloji kunye ne-endotherapy -ebandakanya ukutofwa kweemveliso ze-phytosanitary kwi-trunk-zibangele engasebenziyo ngokuchasene nokuhambela phambili kwesibetho. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuye kwafunwa intsebenziswano kunye ne IYunivesithi yasePolytechnic yaseValencia ukuphanda iindlela ezintsha ezizezinye kunye nokunqanda ukwanda kohlaselo.
Ingxoxo yobumelwane: izibongozo, inxaxheba, kunye nesenzeko semingxuma yemithi engenanto
Uninzi lwabamelwane abachaphazelekayo sele luqalile amaphulo okuqokelela utyikityo kunye namabango asemthethweni okufuna i ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kwemithi elahlekileyo, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho umthunzi kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo okunikezelwa yi-acacias akunakubuyiselwa. Inkxalabo iphindwe kabini: kwelinye icala, i ilahleko yelifa eliluhlaza, kwaye kwelinye icala, i ukusilela ukufikelela kwimihla ebekiweyo yokutyala ngokutsha kunye nezibophelelo kucingelwa ngabalawuli basekhaya.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba eValencia kukho ngaphezu kwama-4.000 emingxuma yemithi engenanto, ngokwezikhalazo ezivela kwiCompromís, emele ukunqongophala okubonakalayo kokhuselo lwezityalo kwaye nemibuzo ngokusebenza kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokutshintsha. Inkqubo yokutshintshwa, kwiimeko ezininzi, ithatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka, inyusa imvakalelo yokulahlwa nokunganeliseki phakathi kwabemi kulawulo lukamasipala.
Ukunqongophala kolwazi oluchanekileyo malunga imihla yokutyala ngokutsha Kwaye uhlobo olukhethelwe ukutshintshwa luqhubela phambili impikiswano. Abahlali beendawo ezihlala imiqondiso—njengabo bangqonge iTabacalera, Exposición, kunye neManuel Candela—baxela ukuba imingxuma yemithi inokuhlala ingenanto ixesha elide nangona umasipala ezinikele ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Ukutshintshwa kunye nezinye izinto: zeziphi iintlobo eziya kuthatha indawo yomnga?
IBhunga lesiXeko liyichazile loo nto Iimeli ezigawulweyo azisayi kutshintshwa luhlobo olunye, kodwa imithi exhathisayo kwizinambuzane nezifo. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ezikhethiweyo kunye neendlela zokhetho azizange zichazwe ngokucwangcisiweyo, ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuba imithi efuna ukugcinwa kancinci kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiimeko zedolophu kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu ibekwe phambili.
El ingxoxo yezopolitiko ijolise ekunqongopheni a Isicwangciso esiPhambili seMithi kunye nesidingo sokwenza utshintsho phantsi kweekhrayitheriya zobugcisa ezizodwa. Amaqela aphikisayo kunye nawokusingqongileyo afuna ngaphezulu ukungafihli kwiikhrayitheriya zokutshintshwa kunye nentatho-nxaxheba yabemi ekuvavanyeni ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezifanele ukuba yinxalenye yelifa lemveli lohlaza ezidolophini.
Amava kwezinye izixeko, ezifana neMadrid, isebenza njengesilumkiso: ukutshintshwa okukhawulezileyo, ngaphandle kweendlela zobugcisa ezaneleyo, kunokubangela ukusilela kumasimi amancinci kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwawo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuxinana komhlaba okanye ukukhethwa kweentlobo zezityalo ezingafanelekanga kwimo engqongileyo yasezidolophini kunokujongela phantsi impumelelo yamasimi kwixesha eliphakathi.
Iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo, intlalontle kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu
La ukususwa okukhulu kwemithi ye-acacia ayichaphazeli kuphela indawo yasezidolophini kunye nomthunzi ezitalatweni, kodwa umgangatho wokusingqongileyoLe mithi inegalelo kwi ukuncitshiswa kongcoliseko lomoya, ukulawulwa kwamaqondo obushushu, kunye nokuphucula impilo yengqondo yabahlali. Imibutho neengcaphephe zemekobume zigxininisa ukubaluleka kokulondoloza imithi eqolileyo phezu kokuba kutyekele ekuyithabatheni indawo ngezityalo ezingaphuhliswanga kangako, nto leyo ethabatha iminyaka ukuze ifikelele amandla ayo apheleleyo.
Kwimeko ye Inkulumbuso yaseYurophu eluhlaza kwaye phakathi kobunzima bemozulu, ukugawulwa kwamawakawaka emithi yasezidolophini kubonwa njenge ukuphikisana ngokumalunga nezibophelelo zamazwe ngamazwe ukuzinza kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Abathetheleli bohlaziyo lwamahlathi baxoxa ukuba ukususa imithi ekhulileyo kufuneka ibe yi ukhetho lokugqibela, ehlala ibeka phambili ukubuyiswa kunye nokulawula ukulungelelaniswa kwemithi ekhoyo.
Ukungafihli, ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nemingeni yolawulo lwedolophu
Inkalo eqhubekayo kungquzulwano ibe yi ukunqongophala kolwazi kunye nokungafihli kwiingxelo, uxilongo, kunye nezinye iindlela ezivavanyiweyo ekwenzeni isigqibo sokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Zombini inkcaso kamasipala kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni iye yagxeka ukungabikho kokubonisana kwangaphambili noluntu kunye nonxibelelwano olubi malunga nezigaba kunye neemeko zokubuyisela. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i abemi bazive bengabandakanywanga yokuthatha inxaxheba kunye neenkqubo zokwenza izigqibo ngesihloko esihambelana ngqo nomgangatho wobomi bemihla ngemihla.
Le mpikiswano iye yabeka phezu kwetafile imfuno yemigaqo-nkqubo yemithi yasezidolophini ethatha inxaxheba eyongezelelekileyo, ezibandakanya uphicotho lwamaxesha athile, iingxelo zobugcisa ezingqongqo, kunye nezicwangciso zokutshintshwa ekuvunyelwene ngazo. Ukuphunyezwa kwezenzo ezilungileyo, njengakwamanye amakomkhulu aseYurophu, kunokunceda ukuphepha iimpazamo ezinzulu kulawulo lwelifa lezityalo kunye nokuphucula ukulingana phakathi kweemfuno zokusingqongileyo kunye needolophu.
Imeko yangoku ye-acacias eValencia ibonisa umngeni onzima kunye nezinto ezininzi Kulawulo lwedolophu, lufuna ukuqalwa ngokutsha kulawulo lwezinambuzane zebhayoloji, imigaqo-nkqubo yokucoca esebenzayo ngakumbi, ukungafihli ekuthathweni kwezigqibo, kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, ukuzibophelela okuqinileyo ekukhuseleni nasekuguquleni ngokutsha isixeko. Isiphumo sale mpikiswano siya kumisela umzekelo wendlela iValencia elungisa ngayo, ukulungiswa kunye nokwandiswa kwemithi yasezidolophini.
