Yintoni UVella pseudocytisus?
UVella pseudocytisus Yintlobo yebhotani yentsapho yaseBrassicaceae, eyaziwayo ngokubonakala kwayo kwe-shruby kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwayo. indawo ezomileyo kunye nomhlaba otyebileyo kwigypsumNgokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa njenge "pítano," esi sityalo sihlala sihlala kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia, apho sinosasazo olulinganiselweyo kunye nolwahlulo. Ubukho bayo bubalulekile kokubini ngokwembono ye-ikholoji kunye nexabiso layo lolondolozo, njengoko ezinye zeentlobo zayo zihlelwa njengezisengozini.
Inkcazo ye-morphological kunye neempawu eziphambili
El UVella pseudocytisus Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhula njengesihlahla esincinci, esinobude obungaqhelekanga ukudlula kwimitha enye. Isiqu sinomthi kwisiseko kunye ne-herbaceous kumancanyana amancinci, abonisa umbala ohluka ukusuka luhlaza obumnyama ukuya kwiithoni ezingwevu okanye ezisilivere ngenxa yobukho beenwele ezininzi.
Bakhe amagqabi ahlala e-ssile, e-spatula kunye ne-obovate, kunye ne-apex ejikelezayo kunye nesikhumba sesikhumba. Umphezulu unokuba ne-glabrous okanye uboya, kuxhomekeke kwi-subspecies. Imida idla ngokugudiswa, kwaye amagqabi ahlala elungelelanisene ngokuhambelana neziqu.
Las flores I-Vella pseudocytisus, i-yellow yellow, ihlanganiswe kwii-terminal clusters. Amabala azo agqunywe ziinwele (i-hispid okanye i-pubescent) kwaye inamagqabantshintshi amane anozipho olude, ahlala eforwe ngemithambo emfusa ephela kwi-orbicular lobe. Olu phawu lubanika inkangeleko yokuhlobisa kwaye luququzelele ukuchongwa kwabo kwintsimi.
Ngokuphathelele iziqhamoUhlobo luphuhlisa i-silicles echazwe kumacandelo amabini: i-valvar enye, i-globose, equkethe imbewu enye okanye ezimbini, kunye nenye i-stylar, i-flat, kunye ne-cochlear-shaped. Isiqhamo siyehla kwaye sivuleke ngokwaso, sisasaza imbewu ngendlela ye-ballistic autochory, oko kukuthi, ukugxothwa okusebenzayo ngaphandle ukuze kuququzelele ikholoni yeendawo ezintsha.
Olunye lweempawu eziphawulekayo kukuguquguquka kwe-morphological phakathi kwee-subspecies zayo:
- I-Vella pseudocytisus subsp. ipseudocytisus: izikhondo, amagqabi kunye neziqhamo ezixineneyo hispid (noboya).
- I-Vella pseudocytisus subsp. i-orcensis: ifana neyangaphambili, nayo inwele emagqabini, iziqu kunye neziqhamo.
- I-Vella pseudocytisus subsp. paui: iziqu kunye neziqhamo ziyi-glabrous, amaqabunga ane-glabrous okanye anomda weenwele kuphela, okwenza kube lula ukuwahlula kwabanye.
Ukuhanjiswa ngokwejografi
UVella pseudocytisus Luhlobo olunokusasazwa okuthintelweyo kumzantsi-ntshona weYurophu kwaye, kancinci, kuMntla Afrika. Ubukho bayo bugxininiswe ikakhulu kumaphondo aliqela kumbindi nakwimpuma yePeninsula yase-Iberia, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezizimeleyo ezinje ICastile-La Mancha, iAragon, iCastile kunye neLeon, kunye noLuntu lwaseMadridIsihlobo ngasinye sithande ukuba neenuclei ezichazwe kakuhle zabemi:
- NONE ipseudocytisus: isasazeke kakhulu kwi-gypsum steppes yephondo laseToledo kunye neendawo ezikufutshane ezifana neTajo Valley.
- NONE i-orcensis: Ibekwe kumzantsi-mpuma wepeninsula, ngakumbi kwiphondo laseAlmería kunye nemimandla ekufutshane neSierra de los Filabres, eneendawo zokuhlala ezithile zegypsophilous.
- I-Subsp. paui: I-Aragonese endemism, isasazwe ngendlela yendawo kwimihlaba yegypsum yephondo laseZaragoza.
KuMntla Afrika, ubukho beentlobo bukhawulelwe kwiindawo ezithile ezinemozulu eyomileyo, nangona kungekho bantu banzi okanye izifundo ezineenkcukacha njengalezo zikwiPeninsula yase-Iberia. Ukujonga nzulu ngakumbi kwizityalo ezilungelelaniswe kwindawo eyomileyo, bona izityalo ze-xerophytic okanye zasentlango.
indawo yokuhlala kunye ne-ecology
El Indawo yokuhlala eqhelekileyo yaseVella pseudocytisus yiyo amathambeka, iinduli kunye neenduli zomhlaba otyebileyo wegypsum, rhoqo kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zokukhuhla ezinemozulu yelizwekazi kunye nobubhanxa obunxulumeneyo. Izityalo zikhula ngokukhethekileyo kwimihlaba eyenziwe kwi-gypsum marls kunye ne-limestone, izenza iintlobo ze-gypsile, oko kukuthi, kunye nokulungelelaniswa okuthe ngqo kwimo engqongileyo ecebile nge-calcium sulfate. Ezi ndawo zokuhlala zibonakalisa iimeko ezinzima kakhulu: ukufumaneka kwamanzi aphantsi, isiqulatho setyuwa eninzi, kunye nokuguquguquka okuphawulekayo kobushushu.
Kolu kwakheka komhlaba, i-pítano ihlala kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-halophytic kunye ne-gypsicolous ezifana Gypsophila, I-Ononis tridentata, Lepidium subulatum o IHelianthemum squamatumOlu nxulumano lwezityalo lwenza i-ikhosistim ekhethekileyo enezityalo nezityalo ezohlukeneyo, kodwa iintlobo ezihlala kuyo zihlala zizizodwa kwaye ngoko ke zisesichengeni sokutshintsha kokusingqongileyo okanye iinguqu kusetyenziso lomhlaba. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nezityalo eziqhelaniswe nemekobume egqithisileyo, sincoma ukutyelela izityalo ezinerupicolous.
Indima yendalo ye UVella pseudocytisus Kufanelekile ukugcina ubume be-ecosystem, ukukhuthaza uzinzo lomhlaba kunye nokuba negalelo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo zegypsum scrublands.
Ngokumalunga nokuzalwa ngokutsha, uhlobo lunesondo (ngembewu) kunye neendlela zokukhula, kunye neyona ndlela ibalaseleyo kwindalo. Ukusasazwa kwee-stolons, evumela ukuba ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza iindawo ezivulekileyo emva kokuphazamiseka okuncinci, nangona le ndlela yokuvelisa inciphisa ukusabalalisa umgama omde. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwizityalo, apha ungangena nzulu.
Uphuhliso kunye nokuphila kwayo kumiselwa lukhuphiswano olulinganiselweyo kunye nezinye iintlobo zezityalo, ukuchuma okuphantsi komhlaba, kunye noxinzelelo lwezenzo zabantu, ezifana nezolimo ezibanzi okanye ukutsalwa kwegypsum. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iVella pseudocytisus nuclei idla ngokuthathwa njengeentsalela kunye nexabiso elikhulu lolondolozo.
Iintlobo ezincinci ze UVella pseudocytisus kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia
Ngaphakathi kohlobo UVellaI-Vella pseudocytisus ihlulwe kwii-subspecies ezininzi eziguqulelwe kwi-ecological kunye neempawu zomhlaba weendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-Peninsula yase-Iberia. Zichazwe ngokweenkcukacha ngezantsi:
- I-Vella pseudocytisus subsp. ipseudocytisus: Isasazwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezisembindini nakumazantsi epeninsula, ikhula kakhulu kwi-gypsum steppes yeTagus kunye neendawo ezifanayo.
- Amagqabi kunye neziqu ezinqabileyo, buluhlaza obungwevu ngombala
- Iintyatyambo ezinzulu ezityheli, zibekwe ngokwamaqela etheminali
- I-Vella pseudocytisus subsp. paui: ifumaneka eAragon, enobukho obuphawuliweyo eZaragoza.
- Iziqu, iziqhamo kunye namagqabi aluhlaza okanye ngeenwele ezimbalwa kakhulu
- Ukuziqhelanisa nomhlaba owomileyo nowomileyo wegypsum
- I-Vella pseudocytisus subsp. i-orcensis: ibekwe kumzantsi-mpuma, ngakumbi kwiphondo laseAlmería.
- Ukufana kwi-subsp. pseudocytisus, kodwa ukulungiswa okuthe ngqo kwiimeko zendawo
- Iinwele emagqabini, iziqu ezincinci kunye ne-silicles
Ngasinye kwezi ntlobo zincinane zijongene nemingeni ethile ye-ikholoji evela kubugwala, uhlobo lomhlaba, kunye nenqanaba longenelelo lomntu kummandla. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga ne izityalo ezihlala zikho kunye nolondolozo lwazo.
Umjikelo wobomi kunye nokuzala
Umjikelo wobomi be UVella pseudocytisus Iphenjelelwa ngamandla ngamaxesha onyaka kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi. Isityalo sidla iintyatyambo ngokubanzi emva kweemvula zentwasahlobo, xa ukufuma kusekho emhlabeni, kwaye sihlala sisebenza de kufike amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ehlotyeni, apho singena kwi-dormancy okanye sinciphise kakhulu umsebenzi waso womzimba.
Ukuzala kuxutywe, ukudibanisa imveliso yembewu kunye nokuveliswa kwezityalo ngokusebenzisa i-stolons. i-autochoria ye-ballistic Yindlela eyodwa yokusasaza imbewu yayo: xa isiqhamo sivuthwa, ukuxinana kwangaphakathi kubangela ukuba iivalvu zihlukane ngesiquphe, zikhuphe imbewu kumgama othile ukusuka kwisityalo esingumama, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa amathuba okuseka abantu abatsha kwindawo enokhuphiswano oluphezulu kunye neqhekeko.
Ukusasazwa kwezityalo kunikezela ukomelela kweentlobo ngokuchasene neziganeko ezimbi, ukonakala okufika ngexesha okanye iimeko ezimandundu zokusingqongileyo, njengoko kuvumela ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza kwabantu kwiingcambu okanye izikhondo ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Ukwandisa ulwazi malunga ne ukukhulisa izityalo ngaphandle nakumathafa.
Ulondolozo kunye nezoyikiso
Ngenxa yobungcali bayo bendalo kunye nezoyikiso ezibangelwa kukuqhekeka kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuguqulwa, UVella pseudocytisus ngumxholo wezifundo ezininzi kunye neenkqubo zolondolozo. Ezinye i-subspecies, ngakumbi paui y i-orcensis, zibandakanyiwe kwiikhathalogu zengingqi nezesizwe zezityalo ezisemngciphekweni ngenxa yenani elincinci lemizekelo kunye noxinzelelo lwendawo yokuhlala ephantsi kwayo:
- Ukukhutshwa kweGypsum kunye nokulungiswa kwezolimo yemihlaba
- Ukwandiswa kweziseko zophuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa kweedolophu
- Ukutyiswa okunzulu kunye nokuxhaphazwa ngokugqithisileyo kwamadlelo egypsum
- Ukuguqulwa kolawulo lwamanzi kunye nokukhukuliseka komhlaba
Uhlobo lukhuselwe kwaye iindlela ezahlukeneyo ziye zaphuhliswa. izicwangciso zesenzo ukuze uchacheUkufumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, ungajongana nezibonelelo ezikhethekileyo apha izityalo ezisengozini kunye nokhuseleko lwazo.
Amanyathelo acetyiweyo anje:
- Ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kwabemi basendle
- Ukubuyiselwa kunye nokukhuselwa kwendawo yokuhlala kusetyenziso olutshabalalisayo
- Ukukhuthaza uphando lwezofuzo kunye nendalo ukuze uqonde ngcono ibhayoloji yalo
- Ukusasazwa kunye nokwazisa phakathi kwabemi bengingqi malunga nokubaluleka kwegypsophila kunye nezityalo ezihlala zikho.
Ukongeza, ii-monographs kunye nezifundo ezithile ziye zapapashwa ezigubungela imeko yolondolozo kunye neempawu zebhayoloji zolu hlobo, zigxininisa imfuneko yokukhusela ezi zinto zikhethekileyo.
Ukubaluleka kwendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesayensi
Ukufaneleka kwe UVella pseudocytisus Kwimeko ye-ikholoji, idlulela ngaphaya kokunqaba okanye ukuphelela kwayo. Njengenxalenye yoluntu lwegypsicolous, inegalelo ku:
- Ukuzinziswa komhlaba kunye nokukhuselwa kukhukuliseko
- Ukugcina ii-microhabitats ze-invertebrates kunye nezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezinomdla
- Ukulawulwa kweenkqubo ze-ikholoji kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu
Ngaphaya koko, uphononongo lokuziqhelanisa nesiqulatho setyuwa eninzi kunye nemekobume eyomileyo iyenza imodeli yophando malunga nokunyamezela ubugwala nobutyuwa, obunokuba luncedo kwizityalo zezolimo zexesha elizayo okanye ukubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphilayo kwindawo ezonakeleyo. Ngobuchule bokubuyisela, bona Izityalo zeHalophytic kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo ekubuyiseleni.
Ukusuka kwimbono yemfundo kunye nokufikelela, i-pítano isetyenziswe njengomzekelo we-paradigmatic wezityalo ze-gypsicolous, ezibonisa ukungafani kwezinto eziphilayo zase-Iberia kunye nesidingo sokukhusela.
Iiprojekthi kunye nezibonelelo zebhayibhilografi
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, kuye kwaqhutywa uphando kunye neeprojekthi ezininzi zokubeka iliso nokulondoloza UVella pseudocytisus. Phakathi kwezona zixhobo ziqaphelekayo zezi:
- Iikhathalogu ezisemthethweni kunye neemonographs epapashwe liSebe lezoThutho lweNdalo kunye namanye amaziko enzululwazi.
- Uphononongo olubanzi ngebhayoloji yayo, imfuzo, kunye ne-ikholoji iye yapapashwa kwiijenali ezikhethekileyo kunye noovimba bezemfundo.
- Intsebenziswano phakathi kweengcaphephe zezityalo, abalawuli bakarhulumente, kunye nemibutho yokusingqongileyo ekukhuseleni nasekubuyiselweni kweendawo zokuhlala zasegypsicolous.
- Ukufundisa ngokusingqongileyo kunye namanyathelo okufikelela eluntwini ajolise ekwaziseni uluntu ngexabiso lezityalo ezihlala zikho.
Ezinye iireferensi zomdla ziquka:
- UMphathiswa weNguquko yeNdalo (i-Miteco), i-Biodiversity Inventory. I-Vella pseudocytisus subsp. ipseudocytisus y I-Vella pseudocytisus subsp. paui.
- Ipaki yoMmandla ekuMzantsi-mpuma: Isityalo seNyanga. I-Vella pseudocytisus subsp. ipseudocytisus.
- «Ibhayoloji yoLondolozo lwe UVella pseudocytisus uhlobo oluthile paui, isityalo esisongelayo e-Aragon», umsebenzi kaFelipe Domínguez Lozano, uDavid Guzmán Otano kunye noJuan Carlos Moreno Saiz.
- Amanqaku enzululwazi anxulumene nokuvela kweentlobo ezincinci ezifana i-orcensis kumzantsi-mpuma wepeninsula.
El UVella pseudocytisus Luhlobo olulodwa olubonisa ukutyeba kunye nobuthathaka bezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba we-gypsum, kunye nokubaluleka kokulondoloza i-biodiversity ekhethekileyo ye-Iberian Peninsula. Ngophando kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo lwendawo yokuhlala, kuyenzeka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuphila kwesi kunye nezinye iintlobo ezinxulumene nemo engqongileyo eyinkqantosi, ezenza iilabhoratri zendalo zokwenyani zokuziqhelanisa nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.