La UCamellia waseJapan (UCamellia japonica) sesinye sezona zityalo zihonjiswa kakhulu kwigadi, ezaziwa ngayo ubuhle, iintlobo zeentyantyambo kunye nokumelana kwimozulu epholileyo nefumileyo. Ukukwazi kwayo ukuzisa umbala, ukutsha, kunye nokwahlula kwiigadi, amathafa, kunye neendawo zangaphakathi ziphantse zingalingani. Kodwa unokuqinisekisa njani ukuba i-camellia ikhula kakuhle kwaye idubula ngamandla unyaka nonyaka? Apha sibonelela ngesikhokelo esiqinisekileyo nesihlaziyiweyo nge zonke inkathalo kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo ukulima kunye nokugcinwa kweCamellia yaseJapan, ukudibanisa iingcebiso zemveli kunye nolwazi lwamva nje lweengcali.
Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zeCamellia yaseJapan
La UCamellia japonica Ivela kwimimandla ye EMpuma nakuMzantsi-mpuma Asia, ikakhulu evela eChina, eKorea, eJapan kunye nenxalenye ye-Indochina. Sisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esinokufikelela phakathi I-2 kunye ne-7 yeemitha ukuphakama kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo kwaye uye amagqabi aluhlaza, abenyezelayo, aluhlaza kumphezulu ongaphezulu, umdaka kancinci kumzantsi.
Las iintyatyambo ze-camellia Zinokulinganisa phakathi kwe-7 kunye ne-12 yeesentimitha ububanzi kwaye zineemilo ezingenakubalwa: ukusuka kwi-rose, i-peony, i-anemone, ilula, iphindwe kabini kunye ne-semi-double, kunye imibala ukusuka emhlophe ukuya ebomvu ukuya pink kunye nomfusaAzinalo ivumba elimnandi, nangona zithe thaa ngokwakheka nobuhle bazo. Iintyatyambo zenzeka ikakhulu phakathi kobusika ekupheleni nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, nangona ezinye iindidi zinokuyilindela okanye zinike ixesha elide lokutyatyamba.
Ukukhula kwayo lento, eyenza ukuba ilungele ukukhula kwiimbiza kunye nezitiya kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo. Kukho ngaphezu kwe-3.000 yeendidi ezibhaliweyo, kwaye ukhetho olutsha lwe-hybrid luvela ngonyaka ngamnye, lwandisa ngakumbi uluhlu lweemilo kunye nemibala.
Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhulisa iCamellia yaseJapan
- Indawo: UCamellia ukhetha i indawo eqaqambileyo kodwa ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga ngqo kakhulu ngexesha leeyure ezisembindini. Indawo efanelekileyo yindawo ene ukukhanya kwasekuseni kunye ne-semi-shade imini yonke. Kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuqinileyo kwelanga okanye ubushushu behlobo, ukukhusela kubalulekile ukunqanda ukutshisa amagqabi kunye namathupha.
- Ukhuseleko lomoya: Kucetyiswa ukubeka isityalo ukhuselwe kwimimoya ebandayo neyomileyo, ukuthatha inzuzo yeendonga okanye i-hedges.
- Amaqondo obushushu: Elona qondo lobushushu lentyatyambo phakathi kwama-12 nama-15 degrees centigradeI-Camellias inyamezela iqabaka ephakathi, kodwa inokuchaphazeleka kubanda kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba i-substrate inamanzi. Kwiimbiza, ngexesha lokubanda, kungcono ukuwahambisa kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
- Ukufuma: I-camellia iyavuya ukufuma okuphezuluNgaphakathi, ukugcina ukufuma ngokuphosa amagqabi (ukuphepha iintyatyambo), ukongeza iitreyi zamanzi kunye negrabile, okanye ukusebenzisa izinto zokufuma kunceda ukunqanda ukuwa kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye namagqabi omileyo.
I-substrate efanelekileyo kunye nokunkcenkceshela okuchanekileyo
I-Camellia yeyeqela lezityalo acidophilic. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba i-substrate ibe:
- Iasidi (pH phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-6.5).
- Zityebile kwizinto eziphilayo, ifakwe umoya kwaye ikhutshwe kakuhle.
- Akukho lime ekhoyo, enokubangela i-chlorosis kunye nokuwohloka kwenkqubo yeengcambu.
Xuba umhlaba wokutyala okhethekileyo we acidophiles nge i-peat, i-compost kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, udongwe oluncinci ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka kunye nokugcinwa kokufuma.
Ukuchasana ne ikalika emhlabeni okanye emanzini okunkcenkceshela, Sebenzisa amanzi emvula, athotyiweyo okanye athanjisiweUkuba oku akunakwenzeka, vumela amanzi empompo ahlale iiyure ezingama-24 ukuvumela iklorini kunye nezinye iiminerali eziyingozi ukuba zibe ngumphunga.
El ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kube rhoqo, eqinisekisa ukuba i-substrate igcinwa ifumile kodwa ayinamanzi. Ehlotyeni, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kube kuninzi; ebusika, iphakathi. Kuphephe ukumanzisa kakhulu iintyatyambo ukuthintela izifo zokungunda.
Ukuchumisa kunye nokuchumisa okuthe ngqo kwe-camellia
La ukuchumisa ngumba ophambili ekulinyweni kwe-camellia. Isebenzisa izichumisi zolwelo ezithile zezityalo acidophilic (ihydrangea, gardenia, heather…), igalelwa kumanzi okunkcenkceshela ukusuka ekupheleni kobusika ukuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Unako ukwandisa olu lwazi ekuchumiseni okuchanekileyo kwe-camellias ukuze kuphuculwe iintyatyambo zazo.
- Ukususela ngoFebruwari/Matshi ukuya kuJuni: isichumiso kufuneka sibe zizityebi kwinitrogen ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagqabi kunye nokwakhiwa kwamahlumela amatsha.
- Ukususela ngoJulayi ukuya kuSeptemba: isebenzisa izichumisi nge ubuninzi be-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium ukuvuselela ukukhula kweentyatyambo nokomeleza isityalo ukuze sidubule.
- Kuphephe ukufaka isichumiso ngokugqithisileyo: Izixa eziphezulu zingabangela i-necrosis emaphethelweni kunye neengcebiso zamagqabi. Ukuba oku kwenzeka, tshintsha i-substrate kwaye unciphise ukuchumisa.
Kucetyiswa ukwenza a edinwe Phezulu, gubungela nge-pine bark okanye i-mulch. Oku kunceda ukugcina ukufuma, kuthintela ukukhula kokhula, kunye nokukhusela iingcambu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Ukhathalelo lwexesha kunye neengcebiso ezibalulekileyo
- Ukunkcenkceshela ngexesha lonyaka kunye nokuchumisa: Kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, ukwandisa ukunkcenkceshela. Ngexesha lasebusika, yimodareyitha kwaye kuphephe ukuchumisa xa kukho umngcipheko weqabaka.
- Ukukhusela imbiza: Ukuba une-camellia embizeni kwaye uhlala kwindawo ebandayo, ikhusela isikhongozeli ukusuka emhlabeni ngomthi, ukugoqa iqamza okanye ukubeka imbiza ebhodini ukuphepha ukudibana ngqo kunye nomonakalo weengcambu.
- Kuphephe ukutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu ngesiquphe: Susa iimbiza kude neefestile ebusuku kwaye ukhusele amaqabunga abuthathaka ngephepha okanye iiclotshi zeglasi ngobusuku obubanda kakhulu.
- Ukuprintwa: IiCamellias azifane zifune ukuthenwa. Emva kweentyantyambo nangaphambi kokuqhawuka kwentwasahlobo, susa amasebe afileyo, awonakeleyo okanye anqamlezileyo. Ukugalela isihlahla, yenza amahlumelo amatsha, kodwa ungaze uwuthene xa isityalo sihluma.
Uninzi lwezinambuzane eziqhelekileyo, izifo kunye ne-physiopathies ye-camellia
Camellias Ngamanye amaxesha banokuchaphazeleka zizinambuzane kunye nezifo, kodwa ngokuthintela kunye nokubeka iliso, banokuhlala besempilweni:
- Izinambuzane: Iintwala, i-mealybugs, kunye ne-whiteflies zinokuvela, ngakumbi ngamaxesha embalela okanye emva kokungalingani kwesondlo. Faka isicelo isepha ye potassium okanye ioli yasehlotyeni ilandela imiyalelo kwaye uphephe iimveliso ezinobundlobongela kakhulu. Basenokuvela Izilwanyana o iingcambu zempethu.
- izifo zokungunda: Bagxininisa i bold (sooty mold), ebonakala emva kokuhlaselwa yintwala kunye ne-mealybugs ngenxa ye-honeydew ezikhuphayo; igqabi lokubhamba ( Phyllosticta camelliae ), amachokoza esilivere, inyongo yamagqabi, kunye ne botrytis kwiintyatyambo. Unyango lothintelo lubandakanya ukugcina isityalo singena moya, ukuphepha ukumanzisa ngokugqithiseleyo kweentyatyambo, kwaye rhoqo ukususa amagqabi anesifo.
- I-PhysiopathiesUkuwa kwehluma kwangaphambi kwexesha kunokubangelwa kukutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu ngesiquphe, ukunkcenkceshelwa kakhulu, ukungonelanga kwe-substrate, okanye ukungabikho kwezondlo (boron kunye ne-zinc). Ukuba amaqabunga ajika kwaye alahlekelwa ukukhanya kwawo, ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kunokubangela ukungabikho kwamanzi, ngelixa amaqabunga aphuzi okanye i-chlorosis ibonisa ukungabikho kwentsimbi okanye ukufuthaniselwa kweengcambu. Yongeza i-iron chelates kwaye ulungise ukufuma okugqithisileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Iingcebiso zokuphindaphinda kunye nokusasaza iCamellia yaseJapan
ICamellia inokusasazwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
- Ngembewu: Zivunwa ekwindla kwaye, ukuze zikhule kakuhle, zihlwayelwa ngaphambi kokuba izigqubuthelo zazo zibe lukhuni. Ngokuqhelekileyo zintshula kakuhle kumhlaba oneasidi, kodwa zifuna iminyaka emininzi ukuze zidubule.
- Ngokwestake: Indlela esetyenziswa kakhulu. Zisikiwe iinqumle zesemi-wood Phakathi ukuya ekupheleni kwehlobo, iphathwa ngehomoni ye-rooting kwaye ifakwe kwi-substrate emanzi, ene-acidic. Ukugcina ukufuma rhoqo kukhuthaza ukuhluma.
- Ukufakwa kunye nokwalekwa: Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukugcina iintlobo ezikhethiweyo okanye ukuhlaziya izityalo ezindala. Ukwaleka kwenziwa entlakohlaza kumasebe asezantsi, asemancinci, ngelixa ukuxhunyelelwa kufuna ukuziqhelanisa kwaye kugcinelwe iindawo zokugcina izityalo kunye nabaqokeleli.
Iintlobo eziphawulekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweCamellia yaseJapan
La UCamellia japonica iye yavelisa iintlobo ezininzi zokuhombisa. Umzekelo:
- Camellia japonica 'Debutante': Iintyatyambo ezipinki eziphatshileyo, eziphantse zaphindwe kabini ezinenkangeleko entle.
- ICamellia japonica 'Gem yeNuccio': Idume ngeentyatyambo zayo ezimhlophe, ezingqukuva nezinomboniso kakhulu.
- ICamellia reticulata: Iintyatyambo ezinkulu, ukuya kwi-17 cm ububanzi kunye neetoni ezibukhali.
- ICamellia sasanqu: Iqhakaza ekwindla-ebusika, iintyatyambo ezilula kodwa ezivumba kakhulu.
Ukongeza kwixabiso layo lokuhombisa, i ioli ethatyathwe kwiimbewu zayo Isetyenziswe ngokwesiko kwizithambiso kunye nokhathalelo lweenwele e-Asiya, kunye nasekuphekeni kwezinye iindawo, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ze-antioxidant kunye nomthamo wokugcina ukufuma.
Ngomnikelo oqhubekayo we ukhathalelo olusisiseko, i-camellia iba ngumlinganiswa oyintloko wayo nayiphi na igadi okanye i-terrace unyaka wonke, imile kungekuphela nje ngenxa yayo. iintyatyambo ezintle, kodwa ngenxa yamagqabi ayo achumileyo kunye nokuguquguquka. Ukuyikhulisa kwiimbiza kuvumela ukuba yonwabele nakwimihlaba engena-asidi, iqinisekisa umbala kunye nobomi ngaphandle okanye kwindawo yangaphakathi ekhanyiswe kakuhle kunye nefumileyo.