I-Robinia pseudoacacia: Isikhokelo esiqinisekileyo sokhathalelo, iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo

URobinia pseudoacacia, eyaziwa njenge umnga wobuxoki, umnga omhlophe o umnga womnga, ngumthi oxatyiswe kakhulu ekulimeni nasekulungiseni umhlaba ngenxa yawo ukuxhathisa okukhulu, isiqe izinga lokukhula kunye neentyantyambo zayo ezinomtsalane. Luhlobo lwentsapho UFabaceae, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuzo zombini iindawo zasedolophini kunye neendawo zasemaphandleni kunye nezendalo ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo zokuhombisa kunye ne-ecological kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa okuphantsi.

Imvelaphi, ukuhanjiswa kunye nembali

Ekuqaleni ukusuka empuma nakumbindi weUnited StatesI-Robinia pseudoacacia ikhula ngokwemvelo kumahlathi apholileyo, amathambeka anelanga, kunye nomhlaba oyisanti okanye onamatye. Ukususela ekungenisweni kwayo eYurophu yingcali yezityalo UJean Robin, umgcini-gadi wenkundla yaseFransi, i-acacia yobuxoki isasazeke kwaye yavela kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, kuquka iYurophu, i-Asia kunye ne-Oceania.

Kule mihla, kuqhelekile ukufumana iisampulu zasendle kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba, ukusuka iipaki zasezidolophini e iziseko zendlela kwiindawo zendalo ezifana ne Iintaba zeBaza okanye iintaba ze-Iberia PeninsulaUbukho bayo bungenxa yokulinywa ngabom kunye namandla ayo amangalisayo okusasaza nokuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo okutsha.

Ukwandiswa kwayo kuye kwaphawuleka kangangokuba ngoku kwimimandla emininzi isenziwa ngokwendalo kwaye yahlelwa njenge Iintlobo ezihlaselayo kwiindawo ezithile, ngokususa iintlobo zendalo.

Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, inokukhula ukusuka kwinqanaba lolwandle ukuya kwindawo ephezulu 1.600 mitha, ukuhlala kumathambeka eendlela, imisele, iindawo ezivulekileyo, amahlathi amatsha kunye nezitiya ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo.

Iimpawu zeBotanical kunye ne-morphology

La umnga wobuxoki Yiyo umthi onqabileyo de ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, ephile ixesha elide kakhulu, ekwazi ukuphila phakathi kwama-70 nangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-200 phantsi kweemeko ezilungileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo inokufikelela I-15 ukuya kwi-30 yeemitha ukuphakama, nangona kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo idlula elo nani. Isithsaba saso sinokuba banzi, singqukuva, sibe nde, okanye sibe mxinwa, kuxhomekeke kwicultivar, okusingqongileyo, kunye noqeqesho lokuthena.

• Umboko: Inexolo elirhabaxa, eliqhekeke kakhulu, elingwevu-bumdaka ngokwemizekelo yabantu abadala, elinokuthi lijike libe luhlaza kwisampulu emincinci. I-trunk ayifane ithe tye, idla ngokubonisa iifolokhwe kufutshane nesiseko.
• Izindlu: Inkqubo yeengcambu yi Unamandla kakhulu, kunye neengcambu ezinzulu kunye neengcambu ezininzi ezisecaleni ezivumela ukulungiswa okusebenzayo komhlaba kunye nokutsalwa kwesondlo.
• AmaSpredishithi: yakhe mnqakathi kunye nenye, yenziwe nge 11 ukuya 23 amaphecana I-oval okanye i-rounded, i-green green in color and drooping ebusuku. Umphezulu unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obunzulu, kwaye umphantsi ukhaphukhaphu, ukhazimla ngaphandle komthambo osembindini. i-notched apex (icandeke kancinane) kunye nomda wonke ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Imigca emibini emincinci ifumaneka rhoqo kwisiseko se-rachis.
• Iintyatyambo: Uphawu olumangalisayo kakhulu. Zivela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, zidibene amabhantshi ajingayo ukusuka kwi-8 ukuya kwi-20 cm, ukuba nde kwiicultivars zokuhombisa. Bazi mhlophe okanye pink kwiindidi ezithile, kakhulu inevumba elimnandi kunye nemveliso yobusi, ilungele ukutsala iinyosi kunye nezinye i-pollinators.
• Isiqhamo: Iqukethe i- imidumba esicaba 3 ukuya kwi-12 cm ubude kunye nesinamon emdaka ngombala. Ngaphakathi zi 4 ukuya kwi-9 imbewu indawo enetyhefu, egudileyo kunye nentsundu emnyama ngombala.

Inqaku elinomdla yi ukulungiswa kwenitrogen emhlabeni ngenxa yebhaktheriya ekhoyo kwiingcambu zayo, evumela ukuba ityebise imihlaba ehluphekileyo kwaye iphucule iimeko zezinye izityalo.

Umahluko kunye neentlobo ezifanayo

I-Robinia pseudoacacia inokubhidaniswa nayo Umnga waseJapan (ISophora japonica). Nangona kunjalo, le yamva ayinawo ama-spines kwaye imidumba yayo i-globose kwaye inomxinwa phakathi kwembewu, ngelixa ezo zeRobinia zithe tyaba kwaye zigudile. Amagqabi e-Sophora anamaphecana abukhali, ngokungafaniyo ne-Robinia, amaphecana abo ajikelezayo kwaye ane-notched apexes.

Iindidi eziphawulekayo, iicultivars kunye neefom

Zininzi iintlobo kunye nemihlanganisela I-Robinia pseudoacacia, nganye ineempawu zokuhombisa ezizodwa, ilungele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegadi kunye neemfuno zokujonga umhlaba:

• 'Umbraculifera': I-Spherical, i-dense, i-cup-size cup (i-6-8 yeemitha), ifanelekile kwiindawo ezincinci okanye ulungelelwaniso.
• 'Friesland': Ukwahlula ngayo amahlamvu egolide eqaqambileyo, ngakumbi kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, ixabiseke kakhulu kwigadi yegadi.
• Isigcina-ntloko esiBomvu: Ngeentyatyambo ezimibalabala pink enzulu, ixabiseke kakhulu njengesityalo sokuhombisa kwiipaki kunye neegadi ezinkulu.
• Pyramidalis, Unifolia, Vulgaris, Aurea: Ezinye iifom ezikhethiweyo kwiimpawu zokuthwala, umbala wamagqabi okanye ukuchasana nokusingqongileyo.
• URobinia pseudoacacia var. itortuosa: Inamasebe ajijekileyo kunye ne-silhouette ekhethekileyo kakhulu, eqhelekileyo kwiingqokelela zezityalo kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo kokuhlobisa.

I-Ecology, iingenelo zokusingqongileyo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga ezinokubakho

URobinia pseudoacacia ngoku ungumdlali ophambili wokubuyiselwa kwendalo kunye neeprojekthi zokuphucula umhlaba ngenxa yeempawu zayo zendalo, njengokukwazi kwayo ukumelana nembalela kunye nokulungisa i-nitrogen kwiindawo ezonakeleyo.

• Ukulungiswa kwenitrogen: Njengazo zonke iimbotyi, ibamba iibhaktheriya ze-symbiotic ezingcanjini zayo eziguqula initrogen esemoyeni ibe ziimo ezinokuthi zifane nezityalo, ziphucula ukuchuma komhlaba.
• Ulawulo lokhukuliseko: Iingcambu zayo ezinzulu ziwuzinzisa umhlaba kunye namathambeka, nto leyo enceda ukuthintela ukudilika komhlaba nokulahleka kwesubstrate kwiinduli, kwiinduli nasecaleni kwendlela.
• Ukuchasa ukosuleleka: Ibalasele ngokunyamezela kwayo imeko-bume yasezidolophini engcolisekileyo kunye nomhlaba ohlwempuzekileyo.
• Ukunyamezela imozulu: Imbalela okanye ingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo (ukuya kuma -25 °C, okanye -34 °C kwimihlanganisela yase rustic) iluchaphazele ngokunzulu uphuhliso lwayo, nto leyo iyenza ilungele ixeriscaping kunye nemimandla enemozulu eyahlukileyo.
• Izinto eziphilayo: Itsala iinyosi kunye neentaka ezisasaza imbewu ngenxa yeentyantyambo zayo ezivelisa ubusi kunye nevumba elimnandi.

Nangona kunjalo, kunjalo kuthathwa njengento ephazamisayo kwezinye iindawo. Iingcambu zayo ezindlongondlongo, ukuveliswa kwezityalo ezifunxayo, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza amathanga ashinyeneyo kunokushenxisa iintlobo zezityalo zasekuhlaleni kwaye kuphazamise inkqubo yendalo ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukunqanda ukuyityala ecaleni kwepavumente, iziseko ezingundoqo, imibhobho, okanye iintlobo ezinovakalelo ezifana nezihlahla zeconifers.

Ukusetyenziswa kweRobinia pseudoacacia: ukuhlobisa, ushishino kunye nemveli

• Isihombiso: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipaki, iigadi, iindlela zokuhamba, kunye nolungelelwaniso lwasezidolophini, ngenxa yeentyatyambo ezibukekayo kunye nomthunzi omnandi awunikezayo ehlotyeni.
• Iinkuni: De ukumelana okukhulu kunye nokuqina Kwanakwiimeko ezifumileyo, iye yasetyenziswa ekwenzeni ifanitshala, iipali, iiparquet, imiqadi, izixhobo zolimo, nezakhiwo. Kweminye imimandla, iinkuni zamandulo zaziyimfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe iilali ziphela.
• Iinkuni: Ixabiseke kakhulu ngexabiso layo eliphezulu le-calorific, nangona ivelisa iintlantsi ezininzi ngexesha lokutsha.
• Ubusi: Ngenye yezityalo eziphambili zobusi, eziyimfuneko kwimveliso edumileyo ubusi womnga, icacile kwaye ithambile ngevumba. Obu busi buxatyiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthomalalisa, ukubuyisela, kunye neempawu zokulwa nokudumba komqala.
• Ukulawula ukhukuliseko kunye nokuphucula umhlaba: Ndiyabulela kwiingcambu zayo ezinzulu kunye nomthamo wokulungisa i-nitrogen, ilungele ukubuyisela indawo ezonakeleyo okanye ukukhusela amathambeka.
• Ukutya okutyiwayo: Iintyatyambo ezimhlophe (ezibizwa ngokuba yi "pan y quesillo") ziyatyiwa kwaye bezisetyenziswa ngokwesiko kwiidessert, isuphu, kunye neziselo ekucingelwa ukuba ziyathomalalisa, iantispasmodic, kunye nepropathi yokuthomalalisa. Akufunekanga ukuba imbewu okanye isityalo siphele., njengoko zinetyhefu eyingozi.
• Isimboli kunye nesithethe: Kwezinye iinkcubeko, imele amandla kunye nokuhlaziywa, ibe yenye yemithi yokuqala etyalwe kwiindawo ezintsha zokuhlala ngenxa yobunzima bayo.

Indlela yokunyamekela i-Robinia pseudoacacia inyathelo ngenyathelo

Inkumbi emnyama lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwabo bafuna umthi kulula ukuyigcina kwaye yomelele. Ngezantsi ziimfuno zabo kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo:

• Umboniso: Khetha ilanga elipheleleyo okanye, ukusilela oko, umthunzi okhanyayo. Ukungabikho kwelanga ixesha elide kwenza umthi ube buthathaka kwaye wenze ukuba ube sesichengeni sezifo.
• Umhlaba: Inyamezela iintlobo ngeentlobo zemihlaba (isanti, amatye, kunye nokuba mbi), ukuba nje igalelwe amanzi. Ichuma kakhulu kumhlaba ongathathi hlangothi ukuya kumhlaba oneasidi kancinane okanye onealkaline (pH phakathi kwe 6.0 kunye ne 8.0). Ayinandaba nokuthungwa, kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugweme umhlaba odibeneyo okanye omanzi kakhulu.
• Unkcenkceshelo: Yakuba imisiwe, iyayinyamezela imbalela kakuhle kwaye ifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa. uphakathi kakhuluAmanzi amaninzi okanye umhlaba ongenamanzi ngokusisigxina unokubangela ukuphefumla kweengcambu kunye nezifo zokungunda.
• Umbhalisi: Xa utyala, khetha ukuchumisa ngomgquba obolileyo kakuhle kunye needosi ezincinci zesichumisi samaminerali, ukuphepha ukutyetyiswa kwe-nitrogen eninzi ukuphepha ukukhuthaza ukukhula ngokukhawuleza okwenza buthathaka amasebe emoyeni.
• Ukuprintwa: Kucetyiswa ukwenza ukuthena izixhobo kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala ukuphumeza isakhiwo esilungeleleneyo. Xa sele ekhulile, ukuthenwa kwesondlo esilula kunye nokususwa kwamasebe awomileyo okanye awonakeleyo kwanele. Kuthintele ukuthenwa okurhabaxa kwaye ugcine isiqu esinye esiphambili ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-branching.
• Izibetho kunye nezifo: Phakathi kweentshaba zabo eziphambili yi ntwala (ingakumbi entwasahlobo, evelisa i-honeydew encangathi kwaye itsala iimbovane), iifungi ezifana ifusarium, Armillaria mellea, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-trunk cankers. Umhlaba omanzi kakhulu unokukhuthaza ezi zifo.
• Ukuphindaphinda: Iyakwazi ukusasazwa lula ngembewu (ifakwe ngaphambili ngamanzi ashushu okanye i-asidi, njengoko inombala oqinileyo) okanye ngokusika kunye ne-suckers. Ayifuni xa kufikwa kwi-transplantation, nangona iisampuli ezinkulu zinokuba nobunzima ukuziqhelanisa.

Kwiindawo zasezidolophini okanye izitrato ezimxinwa, kungcono ukuyinqanda iRobinia pseudoacacia ngenxa yokuthambekela kweengcambu zayo zokuphakamisa iipavumente. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungayityali ecaleni kweconifers okanye ezinye iintlobo ezisengozini yokhuphiswano lweengcambu.

Ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo kunye neengcebiso zophuhliso olufanelekileyo

• Indawo yobuchule: Khetha iindawo ezikude neziseko ezibuthathaka (imibhobho, indledlana, iindonga), njengoko iinkqubo zazo zeengcambu zinokubangela umonakalo wexesha elide.
• Ukongamela amahlumela kunye neesuckers: Beka iliso ekuveleni kwamahlumela, ngakumbi kwiigadi kunye neepaki. Ukususa ezi zihluma rhoqo kuya kunceda ukulawula ukusasazeka kwazo kunye nokuthintela ukubunjwa kweetyholo ezixineneyo.
• Ubutyhefu: Recuerda que Imbewu kunye neendawo eziluhlaza zomthi ziyityhefu kubantu kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya. Fundisa abantwana ngeengozi kwaye uthintele ukufikelela kwizilwanyana zasekhaya.
• Uqeqesho lokuthena kunye nokubeka esweni ubunzima besebe: Uphuhliso olungalinganiyo lwamasebe aphambili kunye nesakhiwo esivuleke ngokugqithisileyo kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kunye nokuqhekeka kwizivunguvungu okanye ikhephu. Gcina ukuthena okwakhayo kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala.
• Ubunzima kunye ne-xeriscaping: Yeyona ntlobo ibalaseleyo yeeprojekthi ze-xeriscaping kunye ne-ecological restoration, ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okukhulu, ukumelana nembalela kunye neemfuno ezisezantsi zamanzi.

Ngentlakohlaza, iRobinia pseudoacacia igqunywa ngamaqela eentyatyambo ezinevumba elimnandi ezijika nayiphi na indawo ibe yindawo enezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Ehlotyeni, i-canopy yayo ibonelela a umthunzi omnandi kwaye ekwindla, amagqabi awo anokuba nemibala etyheli phambi kokuwa kwegqabi, enika umdla owongezelelweyo wonyaka.

Impumelelo yeenkumbi ezimnyama ekulungisweni komhlaba kunye nokuhlaziywa kwamahlathi ilele kuyo ukuguquguquka, ukuqina kunye nobuhle bokuhlobisaItyalwe njengomzekelo omnye, ngokwamaqela, kwimiqolo, okanye njengenxalenye yeeprojekthi ze-ikholoji, inika ixabiso lokuhombisa nokusingqongileyo ekunzima ukungqamanisa, ngaphandle kokuba amandla ayo ahlaselayo alawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhusela izityalo nezilwanyana zasekuhlaleni.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

URobinia hispida: ukhathalelo, iimpawu kunye neengcebiso ezikhulayo

Ukuba ukhangela umthi ohambelanayo Ukulula ukulima, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, ukuqina kunye neentyantyambo ezingabonakaliyo, I-Robinia pseudoacacia ngokungangabazeki enye yeyona ndlela ilungileyo ekhoyo kwiigadi eziphantsi kunye neendawo zomhlaba.