Ukutyala imithi yeziqhamo yenye yezinto ezinomvuzo kuye nawuphi na umthandi wendalo, umlimi, okanye nabani na ofuna ukonwabela iziqhamo ezitsha kwigadi yakhe okanye igadi. Ukukhulisa imithi esempilweni nenemveliso, kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu ezithile zohlobo ngalunye, ukulungisa umhlaba ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye uwugcine kakuhle, kokubini ngexesha lokutyala kunye nokuhamba kweminyaka. Kweli nqaku, siza kugocagoca kuwo onke amanqanaba abalulekileyo, ukusuka ekukhethweni kwemithi ukuya ekuvuneni, sibandakanya awona macebiso afanelekileyo avela kwiingcali, abalimi be-nursery, kunye nabalimi abaqeqeshiweyo.
Izinto eziluncedo ukutyala imithi yeziqhamo
Imithi yeziqhamo Babonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kokusingqongileyo nakwabo bakhulayo.. Phakathi kweenzuzo eziphambili zezi:
- Ukuveliswa kweziqhamo ezitsha nezisempilweni engenazibulali zinambuzane, ilungele ukutya okunesondlo.
- Banikela umthunzi kunye nokuphola kwiigadi kunye nemifuno, ephucula induduzo kwiindawo zangaphandle.
- Ziphucula umgangatho womhlaba kunye nokutsalela abashicileli bezityalo, ukwandisa i-biodiversity yasekuhlaleni.
- Su ivumba nobuhle Ziyahombisa iigadi, iipatiyo kunye neeterras, zizenza zibe mnandi ngakumbi.
- Bakhuthaza i ezendalo kunye nokunxibelelana nendalo, ngakumbi ebantwaneni.
Indlela yokukhetha umthi weziqhamo ofanelekileyo
Ukukhetha umthi weziqhamo ofanelekileyo kwindawo yakho kunye neenjongo linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo. Ayizizo zonke iintlobo eziziqhelanisa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke imozulu, imihlaba, okanye iigadi. Nantsi imiba ebalulekileyo:
- Imozulu yendawoFumana amaqondo obushushu asezantsi kunye nawona aphezulu kwindawo yakho. Ezinye iintlobo, ezifana ne-apula, i-pear, kunye ne-plum imithi, zinyamezela kakuhle ukubanda, ngelixa ezinye, njengemithi ye-citrus, zifuna indawo epholileyo okanye efudumeleyo.
- Uhlobo lomhlaba: Chonga ukuba umhlaba uludongwe, uyintlabathi okanye ilitye likalika, nokuba uyawagcina okanye uwakhupha kakuhle amanzi. Eminye imithi yeziqhamo iqhelana ngcono kuneminye kwimihlaba ethile.
- Indawo ekhoyoQwalasela ubungakanani obuvuthiweyo bomthi. Ukuba indawo yakho ilinganiselwe, ungakhetha iintlobo ezincinci okanye imithi yeziqhamo ekhula ngokudibeneyo, kwaye uyityale kwiimbiza ezinkulu.
- Imveliso elindelekileyoEzinye iintlobo kunye neendidi zivelisa iziqhamo kwangaphambili okanye kamva. Uninzi lwemithi yeziqhamo iqala ukuthwala iziqhamo phakathi kweminyaka emibini ukuya kwemihlanu emva kokutyala, nangona oku kusenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umthi ukhuliswe ngembewu okanye umiliselwe kwinkulisa.
- UkungcolaEzinye iintlobo zifuna ngaphezu kwesityalo esinye ukuqinisekisa imveliso yeziqhamo, kuba azihambelani. Fumanisa ukuba umthi wakho uzenzele ipoleni okanye ufuna iqabane lolunye uhlobo oluhambelanayo.
Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyala imithi yeziqhamo
Ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-rooting elungileyo kunye nophuhliso lokuqala. Elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala uninzi lwemithi yeziqhamo ludla ngokuba sekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentlakohlaza., xa kungasekho mngcipheko weqabaka ekrakra kwaye incindi iqala ukuhamba, kodwa ubushushu abukabi kakhulu.
Zimbini iifomathi eziphambili apho uya kufumana imithi kwiindawo zokuhlala:
- Ngebhola yeengcambu okanye embizeni: Ungatyala kulo lonke ixesha lonyaka, unqanda iinyanga zobushushu obugqithisileyo okanye xa sele zidubule kwaye zivelisa iziqhamo.
- Ingcambu engenanto: Ifumaneka kuphela kwaye icetyiswa ngexesha lokumisa i-vegetative, ngokuqhelekileyo ebusika, ekubeni ngaphandle kweli xesha umthi unokulimala kakhulu.
Kwimozulu ebanda kakhulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulibazise ukutyala kancinci ukuba kukho umngcipheko weqabaka kade, kwaye kwindawo ezishushu, ungatyala kwangethuba, usebenzisa amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kunye nokufuma komhlaba.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Isiqalo esihle sixhomekeke, ubukhulu becala, kulungiselelo olwaneleyo lwendawo apho umthi wakho weziqhamo uya kuba khona.
- Ukucoca kunye nokunciphisa: Susa ukhula, iingcambu zezityalo namatye. Lima umhlaba ukuze ukhululeke kwaye ukhuthaze ukukhula kweengcambu.
- Ukwemba umngxuma: Yomba umngxuma omkhulu ngokwaneleyo, ubuncinci kabini ubukhulu bebhola yengcambu okanye inkqubo yeengcambu, ngokubanzi i-70-100 cm ububanzi nge-60-80 cm ubunzulu.
- Ukuphuculwa kweSubstrate: Xuba umhlaba okhutshiweyo kunye nomgquba, umgquba obole kakuhle, okanye ukugalelwa kweentshulube ukunika izondlo kunye nokuphucula ubume.
- UmseleKwimihlaba enodongwe kakhulu okanye leyo ithanda ukugcwala amanzi, kubalulekile ukudibanisa igrabile okanye isanti erhabaxa emazantsi womngxuma ukunqanda ukubola kweengcambu.
Ukukhetha nokulungisa umthi
Ukuqinisekisa impumelelo, khetha Imithi esempilweni, emile kakuhle esuka kwiindawo zokulima ezithembekileyo. Qwalasela le miba:
- Umba ngokubanzi: Khetha imizekelo enesiqu esithe tye, ngaphandle kwamanxeba okanye izibonda ezingaqhelekanga, kunye neengcambu eziphilileyo okanye iibhola zeengcambu ngaphandle komonakalo okanye ukubola.
- Amasebe oqeqesho: Kufuneka zithenwe ngokufanelekileyo, kuthintelwe amasebe amade nabuthathaka. Umthi owenziwe kakuhle uya kuba nesakhiwo esingcono kwixesha elizayo.
- Imisebenzi yobugcisaUninzi lwemithi yeziqhamo zorhwebo imiliselwe ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weziqhamo kunye nokumelana nezinambuzane kunye nezifo. Khangela ukuba indawo yokuxhunyelelwa iphiliswe kakuhle kwaye ayinazo iingxaki ezicacileyo.
- Ukucoca amanzi: Ngaphambi kokutyala, ukuba umthi awunangcambu, faka amanzi kwiingcambu ngokuzintywilisela emanzini iiyure ezininzi.
Inyathelo ngenyathelo: Ungatyala njani imithi yeziqhamo?
- Susa umthi kwisitya (ukuba ifakwe embizeni) ulumke ungayophuli ingcambu yengcambu. Ukuba iingcambu zihlanganiswe, ziqhekeze ngobumnene izangqa.
- Beka umthi emngxunyeni ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yokuxhunyelelwa (ukuba ikhona) ingaphezulu kancinane kwinqanaba lomhlaba.
- Gcwalisa ngomhlaba otyetyisiweyo, ukudibanisa ngobumnene ukuphelisa iipokethi zomoya kunye nokuqinisekisa ukudibanisa phakathi kweengcambu kunye ne-substrate.
- Amanzi amaninzi kanye emva kokutyala. Oku kunkcenkceshelwa kokuqala kubalulekile ukuhlalisa umhlaba kunye nokuququzelela ukunamathela.
- Faka umhlohli Ukuba umthi usemncinci okanye uvuthelwe ngumoya, isibonda kufuneka sibekwe ngaphandle kweengcambu kwaye sibotshelelwe phantsi ngaphandle kokonakalisa isiqu.
- Uluhlu lomaleko wephedi (i-mulch) enexolo lompayini, iindiza, okanye umgquba ojikeleze isiqu ukugcina ukufuma nokunciphisa ukukhula kokhula.
Ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwamanzi kunye nezondlo kwenza umahluko phakathi komthi weziqhamo onamandla kunye nobuthathaka:
- Ukunkcenkceshela kokuqalaGcina i-substrate ifumile, kodwa ingabi namanzi amaninzi. Ukuphindaphinda kuya kuxhomekeka kwimozulu, kodwa ukunkcenkceshela zonke iintsuku ezi-2-4 kucetyiswa ngokubanzi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala.
- Unyaka wokuqalaImithi emincinci ifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa ngakumbi, ngakumbi ngamaxesha embalela. Nciphisa amaxesha amaninzi njengoko umthi ukhula kwaye uphuhlisa iingcambu ezinzulu.
- Ukuchumisa ngonyaka: Faka i-organic matter entwasahlobo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yomeleza ngezichumisi zeminerali ezithile zemithi yeziqhamo ngokweemfuno zohlobo ngalunye.
- Yiphephe initrogen egqithisileyo, njengoko inokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo kumonakalo weentyantyambo kunye neziqhamo.
Aftercare: ukuthenwa, ukukhuselwa kunye noqeqesho
- Ukwenziwa ukuthenwa: Yenza ukuthena okukhanyayo emva kokutyala ukuba umthi ufuna oko, ukususa amasebe aphukileyo okanye angahambi kakuhle. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, qhubeka uthena ukubumba umthi, uphucule umoya, kwaye wenze lula ukungena kokukhanya.
- Ukukhuselwa kwizinambuzane nezilwanyana: Sebenzisa iminatha, iminatha okanye izikhuseli ukuthintela izinambuzane, iintaka okanye izilwanyana ezincinci ezincancisayo ekonakaliseni isiqu, iingcambu okanye ukuphuhlisa iziqhamo.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula: Gcina indawo ejikeleze umthi ingenakhuphisana nokhula kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala ukuphepha ukhuphiswano lwamanzi kunye nezondlo.
Ukusasazwa kunye nokuphindaphinda kwemithi yeziqhamo
Ukudluliselwa kwepoleni kubalulekile ekuqhameni kwemithi yeziqhamo emininzi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo, kukho:
- Imithi yokuzimela: Azifuni ubukho bolunye uhlobo ukuvelisa iziqhamo (iapilkosi, ipesika, ezinye iintlobo zeplam kunye nealmond).
- Imithi engahambelaniyo: Zifuna enye indidi ehambelanayo ekufutshane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvuzwa kwe-cross-pollination kwaye ngaloo ndlela isiqhamo esihle (i-apile, ipere, i-cherry, i-persimmons ezininzi).
Uphinda-phindo lwenziwa ikakhulu ngu:
- Imbewu: Okuncinci okuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kweempawu ze-varietal kunye nokulibaziseka kwi-fruiting.
- Uludwe: Ikuvumela ukuba ugcine iimpawu zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukukhawuleza ukungena kwimveliso kunye nokuphucula ukuchasana nezifo okanye iimeko ezimbi. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngesi sihloko, bona Yintoni i-grafts kwaye isetyenziselwa ntoni?.
- Ukusika kunye nokubekwa: Iluncedo kwiintlobo ezithile apho i-rooting ilula.
Ukutyala imithi yeziqhamo ezimbizeni okanye emasimini
Ukuba awunayo igadi enkulu, kukho iintlobo ezincinci kunye ne-semi-dwarf eziqhelanisa neembiza okanye izixhobo zokutyala ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukukhetha izikhongozeli ubuncinane iilitha ezingama-40-50 kunye nokubonelela ngee-substrates zokukhupha kakuhle ezityebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo. Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kube rhoqo, kuthintelwe ukugcwala kwamanzi, kwaye izichumisi ezingamanzi okanye ezikhutshwa kancinci zilungele ukugcina amandla kunye nemveliso.
Qwalasela iingcambu ngamaxesha athile: ukuba zithatha yonke indawo ekhoyo, tshintshela kwisitya esikhulu okanye uchebe ezinye zeengcambu ebusika ngaphambi kokuba uhlaziye i-substrate.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kwimithi yeziqhamo emva kokutyala
- Ukunqongophala kophuhliso emva kokutyala: Oku kusenokubangelwa kukufuma okugqithisileyo, iingxaki zokuhambisa amanzi, ukukhetha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, okanye ukunqongophala kwesondlo.
- Ukubonakala kwezinambuzane kunye nezifoKubalulekile ukujonga iimpawu zentwala, i-mealybugs, umngundo, okanye ibhaktiriya kwaye usebenzise unyango lwendalo okanye oluqhelekileyo ukuba iingxaki zichongiwe. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, bona indlela yokunyamekela nokukhusela imithi yeziqhamo.
- Isiqhamo esibi: Idla ngokunxulumene nokungovulelwa kakuhle kwembewu, ukuthenwa ngokugqithiseleyo, okanye imithi eselula kakhulu.
- I-Chlorosis okanye i-yellowing yamagqabi: Ngokuqhelekileyo idibaniswe nentsimbi okanye ukusilela kwe-magnesium, isonjululwe ngezichumisi ze-chelated okanye ukulungelelanisa umhlaba pH.
Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo ezivela kubalimi kunye ne-nurserymen
- Yomba kwaye utyebise umngxuma wokutyala ubuncinci kwinyanga engaphambili, ukuphucula i-aeration kunye nokuvumela izondlo ukuba zidibanise kwi-substrate. Ungabonisana Uyidibanisa njani imithi yeziqhamo kwigadi yakho yasezidolophini.
- Ziphephe izichumisi zekhemikhali xa utyala ngokutsha: Kungcono ukhethe izinto eziphilayo, kuba izichumisi ezinamandla zinokutshisa iingcambu zethenda.
- Gquma isiseko nge-mulch: Igcina ukufuma, izinzisa ubushushu bomhlaba kwaye ikhusela ukhula.
- Yenza ukuthena okusebenzayo kwiminyaka yokuqala kunye nolondolozo lwexesha elizayo ukuze umthi ukhule usempilweni kwaye uvelise iziqhamo ezisemgangathweni.
- Khusela imithi emincinci ukusuka kwiimpuku, iintaka kunye neqabaka kade eneminatha ekhethekileyo okanye izikhuseli.
Ukutyala imithi yeziqhamo ngumsebenzi ofuna ukucwangciswa, ukuzinikela kunye nomonde, kodwa iziphumo zifanelekile. Uyakonwabela iziqhamo ezitsha, umthunzi, umoya ococekileyo, kunye nobuhle bendalo kwisitiya sakho okanye kwigadi yakho iminyaka emininzi ezayo. Ngokulandela amanyathelo kunye neengcebiso ezichazwe kwesi sikhokelo, uya kukwandisa amathuba okuphumelela kwiprojekthi yakho yokukhulisa iziqhamo kwaye ube negalelo kuphuculo lwendawo okungqongileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo kwendawo.
