Abo banyamekela igadi, igadi yeziqhamo, okanye ipatiyo bayazi ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukugcina iintlobo zezityalo ezihlala kuyo phantsi kolawulo. Kungekudala okanye kamva, kukho imfuneko yokulawula izityalo ezingenelelayo, izityalo ezithi, ngenxa yendalo yazo enobudlova kunye nokulungelelaniswa, ziyakwazi ukususa ngokukhawuleza izityalo zendalo, zichaphazela i-biodiversity, kwaye ziguqule iindawo zethu eziluhlaza kwiindawo ekunzima ukuzilawula.
Kutheni izityalo ezihlaselayo ziyingxaki nje?
Las izityalo ezingenelelayo zimele omnye weyona miceli mngeni inzima ye-ikholoji. Ukwandiswa kwazo kubangela a ilahleko enkulu yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, inefuthe elibi kwezolimo, imfuyo, ubume bendalo, kunye nempilo yabantu. Nangona ukusasazeka kwazo kuhlala kuthe cwaka, ziyakwazi ukuguqula imeko-bume yazo, zikhuphisane ngemithombo, kwaye zinciphise ukusinda kwezinye iintlobo zezityalo. Le ngxaki ikwenza kubaluleke ukuqonda zombini umjikelo wobomi babo kunye nezona zicwangciso zifanelekileyo zokuhlangabezana nazo ngaphandle kokwenza mandundu ingxaki.
Uthintelo: Esona sicwangciso sichasene nezityalo ezihlaselayo
Isitshixo ekuthinteleni phambili ezi ntlobo kwi ukuthintelaNgaphambi kokuba ungenise nasiphi na isityalo esitsha egadini, kubalulekile funda malunga nobume bayo obuhlaselayo okanye i-exoticism kwaye ijongane noluhlu olusemthethweni lweentlobo ezinobungozi kwindalo yendawo. Ukongezelela ekuphepheni ukuzityala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kubekwe iliso iindawo zokungena—iimbiza, umgquba noomatshini bokulima—njengoko zidla ngokusebenza njengendlela yokufika kwembewu okanye iingceba zeengcambu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba xa sibhaqa isilwanyana esihlaselayo kwigadi yethu, kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukunqanda ukwanda kwawo, sibonisane neengcaphephe zendalo esingqongileyo okanye abasemagunyeni ukuba kukho imfuneko ukuze siqinisekise ukuchongwa okufanelekileyo nokupheliswa kwayo.
Iindlela zendalo kunye nezasekhaya zokuphelisa izityalo ezihlaselayo
Ngaphambi kokubhenela kwizisombululo zekhemikhali, eyona nto inoxanduva kukuvavanya izixhobo zendalo ezizinzileyo kwaye ezingenabungozi kangako kokusingqongileyo. Ngezantsi, sikubonisa ezona ndlela zisebenzayo:
- Amanzi abilayo: Galela amanzi abilayo ngokuthe ngqo kwizityalo ezihlaselayo ukutshabalalisa inyama kunye neengcambu. Iyakhawuleza kwaye iyasebenza kwiindawo ezihlala kwindawo ethile, kodwa kunqande ukutshiza kwizityalo ezifunwayo.
- Ityuwa: Fafaza ityuwa kwizityalo, okanye wenze umxube onyibilikisiweyo emanzini ashushu ukutshiza emagqabini. I-sodium chloride ichitha izityalo kwaye inqande ukukhula kwakhona, nangona inokulimaza umhlaba, ngoko ke yisebenzise ngokucophelela.
- Iviniga: I-acetic acid kwiviniga itshisa amagqabi, kwaye isebenza ngokukodwa kwizityalo ezincinci. Ukwandisa umphumo, xuba iilitha enye nesiqingatha seviniga, ijusi ye-lemon enye, kunye ne-tablespoon enye yesepha yamanzi, uyisebenzise ngeentsuku zelanga.
- Umbona: Fafaza umgubo wombona emhlabeni ukuthintela ukuntshula kwembewu. Yisebenzise emva kokususa izityalo ezihlaselayo ukukhusela ukukhula okutsha.
- Iphepha ledayari: Gubungela indawo echaphazelekayo kunye namaphepha amaninzi ephephandaba kwaye ungeze umhlaba phezulu. Oku kuthintela ukukhanya kwelanga, ukwenza buthathaka kunye nokomisa izityalo kunye nokucothisa ukuntshula kwembewu.
- Ukuqala ngokuzenzekelayo: Khupha izityalo ngeengcambu, ngakumbi ukuba uhlaselo luncinci. Sebenzisa igaba kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uwasusa onke amaqhekeza eengcambu ukuthintela ukukhula kwakhona.
- Imixube ebulalayo: Ngokhula olunzima kakhulu, dibanisa amanzi abilayo anetyuwa okanye iviniga (okanye zombini) ukuqinisa iziphumo, kodwa khumbula ukuba le ndawo inokuhlala ingenamveliso okwethutyana.
- Borax: Nciphisa i-280 grams ye-borax kwi-2,5 ilitha zamanzi kwaye uyitshize kumagqabi. Iyasebenza kodwa kufuneka isetyenziswe ngononophelo, njengoko ubutyhefu bayo bunokuchaphazela umhlaba kunye nezinye izityalo.
Iindlela zoomatshini, iikhemikhali, kunye nebhayoloji: iindlela eziphambili zokulawula izitshabalalisi ezihlaselayo
Kwii-infestation ezinzima, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise iindlela ezongezelelweyo:
- Indlela yoomatshini: Iziqulatho ze manual okanye umatshini wokutsalwa zezityalo, kuquka iingcambu kunye namalungu angaphantsi komhlaba. Le yeyona nto ikhuselekileyo kwimo engqongileyo, kodwa ifuna ukucwangciswa, njengoko ukusetyenziswa koomatshini abakhulu kunokuphazamisa umhlaba kwaye kusasaze imbewu ukuba ayiphathwanga kakuhle. Ukususwa kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo ukukhusela amaqhekeza ekusasazeni iintlobo. Ungajongana nolwazi malunga ehlaselayo kwindawo yendawo.
- Indlela yekhemikhali: Ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwe amayeza okubulala ukhula Ukukhetha okanye ukungakhethi. Umzekelo, i-metribuzin ibulala izityalo ezithile, ngelixa i-glyphosate ijolise kuzo zonke izityalo. Kubalulekile ukuzikhusela ngeeglavu kunye nemaski, funda imiyalelo ngononophelo, kwaye uphephe ukusebenzisa kufutshane neentlobo zokuhombisa okanye izitiya zemifuno. Kufuneka ulinde ubuncinane inyanga ngaphambi kokutyala kwindawo ephathwayo, kwaye ungaze usebenzise ezi mveliso kwiimbiza. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi, bona indlela ukususa rhizomes invasive.
- Indlela yebhayoloji: Ibandakanya ukwazisa iintshaba zendalo yeentlobo ezihlaselayo, njengezinambuzane ezithile. Le ndlela inzima kwaye idinga uphando olubanzi ukukhusela i-arhente yokulawula ukuba ibe sisitshabalalisi esitsha. Umzekelo, i-eucalyptus weevil kunye neprickly pear scale zibonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle kwimimandla ethile, kodwa kufuneka zisetyenziswe phantsi kweliso lezenzululwazi. Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe apha ulawulo lwebhayoloji lweentlobo ezihlaselayo.
Ulawulo lwenkunkuma yezityalo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwendawo
Xa sele isusiwe, Ungaze ugalele inkunkuma yezityalo ukusuka kwiintlobo ezihlaselayo kwi-compost, njengoko zazinokuhluma kwakhona. Eyona nto ikhuselekileyo onokuyenza kukuzihambisa kwiingxowa ezivaliweyo ukuya a indawo ecocekileyo okanye uzishiye kwiingxowa ezingacacanga de zibole ngokupheleleyo. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kutyalwe iintlobo zezityalo zemveli eziza kukhuphisana ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zomeleze ukuxhathisa kwesitiya ekuhlaselweni kwexesha elizayo. Ungaphinda ubuze malunga izityalo zemveli ezixhathisayo.
Izifundo zeemeko kunye neengcebiso ezongezelelweyo
La Itranscantia fluminensis, olwaziwa ngokuba "luthando lomntu," ngomnye wabahlaseli abazimiseleyo kwiigadi ezinomthunzi. Ukuphelisa kufuna ukususa ngokucophelela zonke iziqwenga, ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kweebrashi zokusika ezisasaza iziqu. Ukutshatyalaliswa kuntsonkothile kumhlaba onamatye, ngoko ke umonde ubalulekile. Emva kokuba isusiwe, iintsalela kufuneka zilahlwe ngokukhuselekileyo, zingavundisi, kwaye ukugquma indawo ngeplastiki ekhanyayo kunokucetyiswa ukuthintela ukukhula kwakhona.
Ukongeza, ukutyala iintlobo zemveli ezixhathisayo ezifana UVinca omncinci, Ihypericum calycinum, I-serpyllum enesingqi, ICerastium tomentosum o IArctostaphylos uva-ursi Inceda ukuthintela uhlaselo kwakhona ngokubonelela ngokhuphiswano oluphilileyo lwezityalo kunye nokhuseleko lomhlaba. Ukufumana iingcebiso ezingaphezulu, ndwendwela izityalo ukukhusela umhlaba.
Ukulawula izityalo ezihlaselayo kufuna indlela ebanzi, edibanisa uthintelo, ukususwa ngoxanduva, kunye nokubuyiselwa kunye neentlobo zendalo. Isitiya esisempilweni okanye igadi yeziqhamo inokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela, ngelixa ukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zendawo.
