Iimpawu ze ulmus pumila: I-Elm yaseSiberia
ulmus pumila, ekwabizwa ngokuba I-elm yaseSiberia u eTurkestan elm, yeyosapho lwe-Ulmaceae. Uluhlu lwayo lwendalo lunabela kwimpuma yeSiberia, luquka uMbindi weAsia, iMongolia, emantla eTshayina, naseKorea, luziqhelanisa ngokulula nemozulu eyomileyo nebandayo. Luhlobo oluphakathi, olunobude obuqhelekileyo obunokufikelela ukuya kuthi ga 15 mitha kunye nesithsaba esibanzi, esishinyeneyo, esingqukuva kunye ne-subglobose, esibonelela ngomthunzi omkhulu.
Amaxolo alo mthi angwevu, agqabhukile kwaye arhabaxa, ngelixa amasebe anesakhiwo se "herringbone", esinamasebe amancinci, luhlaza kwaye unxunguphele. Amagqabi, amancinci ngobukhulu, elliptical okanye i-lanceolate, ziluhlaza bumnyama kumphezulu ongaphezulu kwaye zine-pubescence emhlophe kwicala elingaphantsi, ngakumbi kwi-axils ye-vein. Amagqabi awo anomphetho oxandileyo.
Iintyatyambo zenzeka ekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo., ngaphambi kokuba amagqabi avele. Iintyatyambo zayo ziyi-hermaphrodite, zincinci, azibonakali, kunye ne-calyx evuthayo kunye ne-violet anthers. Iziqhamo zivela kamva: iisamara eziluhlaza, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwe-orbicular, kunye nokuthungwa kwephepha kunye nembewu ephakathi, ezisasazwa ngumoya ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvuthwa.
Igama elithi "pumila" livela kwisiLatini elithi "pumilus", elithetha ukuba lincinci okanye lincinci, ngokubhekiselele kubukhulu bayo obuncinci ngaphakathi kohlobo. Ulmus.
I-taxonomy kunye nezithethantonye
- Ubukumkani: IPlantae
- ICandelo: Tracheophyta
- Iklasi: magnoliopsida
- Myalelo: IRosales
- Usapho: ulmaceae
- Isini: Ulmus
- Iintlobo: ulmus pumila L.
Olu hlobo lunokufumaneka phantsi kwezithethantonye Ulmus manshurika, Ulmus campestris var. phumla y Ulmus turkestanica. en ikhathalogu yeentlobo ze-Ulmus Ulwazi oluthe vetshe malunga nokuhlelwa kwabo lunokufumaneka apha.
Ukwabiwa kwejografi kunye nendawo yokuhlala
El ulmus pumila Ivela kwimimandla ebandayo neyomileyo yasempuma yeSiberia, emantla eTshayina, eMongolia, kwiindawo zaseIndiya, nakwiindawo ezithile zaseIran naseTibet. Olu lungelelwaniso lunika ukuxhathisa okukhulu kwiimeko ezinzima kwaye luyivumela ukuba ikhule zombini zasendle kwaye ilinywe, ihlale ngokukhawuleza umhlaba ovulekileyo, amathambeka, kunye nemiphetho yedolophu kwiindawo ezinemozulu enzima.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nezicelo
- Isihombiso: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipaki, iigadi zasezidolophini, kunye neendledlana, ixatyiswa ngokukodwa xa kujongwa ukwehla kwezinye ii-elms ngenxa yezifo. Ukutyeba kwayo kunye nokunyamezelana kwenza ukuba ilungele ukudala umthunzi kunye neendawo zokunqanda umoya.
- Ushishino lwamaplanga: Umthi unobunzima obuphakathi, unokwakheka okugudileyo kunye neenkozo, ulungele ukuchwela, ukupakishwa, intsebenziswano, izakhiwo ezikhanyayo, kunye nokwenziwa kweengcango, iifestile, izixhobo, iipalethi kunye nokupakishwa. Nangona kungenako ixesha elide ekudibaneni ngokuthe ngqo nomhlaba, kulula ukusebenza kunye kwaye yamkela ukugqiba kunye neevanishi kakuhle.
- Ukulungisa umhlaba: Ngenxa yenkqubo yayo yeengcambu ezindlongondlongo nezixineneyo, isetyenziselwa ukukhusela iingqumba zentlabathi kunye nokukhusela kukhukuliseko lomoya, yenze iindawo zokusithela kwiifama zezolimo nemfuyo kunye nezithinteli zomoya.
- Bonsai: Isilwanyana saseSiberia Ifaneleke kakhulu kubaqalayo ngokubonga ngamandla ayo kunye nokukwazi ukukhula kwakhona emva kokuthena, okwenza kube yenye yezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zicetyiswayo zokufumana amava kulo bugcisa.
Ukukhanya kunye neemfuno zemozulu
I-elm yaseSiberia ixhathisa kakhulu kwingqele, iqabaka kunye nomoya onamandla. Iyakwazi ukuchuma kwilanga eligcweleyo kunye nomthunzi omncinci, nangona ukukhanya kwelanga okuphezulu kuthanda ukukhula kunye nokuxinana kwamagqabi. Iyakwazi ukumelana nembalela xa sele isekiwe, nangona kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yophuhliso, ukunkcenkceshela okuphakathi kunye nokuqhelekileyo kuyacetyiswa de ikhule ngokufanelekileyo.
Iyakwazi ukuphila kwindawo eyomileyo ephakathi, iyenza ilungele imimandla enemvula encinane okanye ulondolozo oluphantsi lwegadi. Ikwanyamezela ezithile ubutyuwa emhlabeni
Iimeko zomhlaba kunye nokulungiselela
- Iintlobo zomhlaba: Iyaziqhelanisa kakuhle neentlobo ngeentlobo zemihlaba: ixinene, isanti, iasidi, ialkaline, kunye nekhalcareous. Ikhetha umhlaba onzulu, otyebileyo, kunye nomhlaba ongenamanzi, nangona ingafane iveze iingxaki kwimihlaba enganelanga. Ukuba ungathanda ukufunda ngakumbi ngokubaluleka komhlaba, funda ngakumbi ukukhathalela iingcambu.
- Inkqubo yogutyulo: Kubalulekile ukuphepha ukugcwala kwamanzi, njengoko kukunyamezela ukunqongophala kwamanzi ngcono kunokugqithisa, okuya kukhokelela kuphuhliso lwezifo zokungunda kunye nokubola kweengcambu.
Iimfuno zokunkcenkceshela kunye namanzi
El ulmus pumila ukuqhelana namaxesha embalela, kodwa kumasimi amancinci kufuna ukunkcenkceshela okuphakathi kunye rhoqo ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yayo yeengcambu ezinamandla. Njengoko ikhula, i-frequency inokuncitshiswa ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni impilo yayo. Ukunkcenkceshelwa kakhulu kufuneka kuphetshwe, ngakumbi ngaphandle kwamaxesha okukhula, ukuthintela ukungunda.
Ukuchumisa kunye nomgquba
Nangona ayifuni kwizondlo, igalelo lesichumisi esilungeleleneyo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo Inokukhuthaza ukukhula kwakhona kunye nokomelela, ngakumbi ukuba umhlaba uphantsi. Ukuchumisa ngokugqithisileyo akuyomfuneko.
Ukuphindaphinda nokuzala
- Ngembewu: Zivunwa emva kokusasazeka kwendalo entwasahlobo, kwaye kucetyiswa ukuba kuhlwayelwe ekwindla okanye ebusika. Zityalwa nje phezulu, njengoko ukuntshula kuyeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokufumana ukukhanya.
- Ukwenzela ukusikwa: Yindlela esebenzayo kakhulu, ngenxa yokulula apho amasebe, iziqu kunye neengcambu zithatha iingcambu, zibonelela ngemizekelo enamandla ngexesha elincinci.
- Ngomaleko: Ikuvumela ukuba ufumane iisampulu ezintsha kwiingcambu ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinkulu.
- Ukuhluma kwakhona kwesiphunzi: Kuqhelekile ukuba imithi ihlume ngamandla ukusuka kwisiseko okanye kwiingcambu ezingaphezulu emva kokuthenwa, ukugawulwa okanye umonakalo.
Ukusasazwa kwemifuno kukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye iyasebenza kunezesondo, kwaye kucetyiswa ngokukodwa ukwenza i-hedges, amakhethini okanye ukugubungela iindawo ezinkulu ngexesha elifutshane.
Ukuthena nokugcina
Ukuthena kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa impilo kunye nokumila kwe-Ulmus pumilaKunconywa ukwenza ukucheba okuncinci rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-3-4, ukususa amasebe awonakeleyo, anesifo, okanye adibeneyo kunye nokubumba i-canopy. Ukuthenwa okuphambili kufuneka kwenziwe ebusika, ngaphambi kokuhluma kwentwasahlobo, ngokuhambelana nokutshintshwa xa kukhule embizeni okanye njengebhonsai. Lo mthi udubula ngokulula emva kokuthenwa kwaye uvumela isebe elibukhali kunye nokuthenwa kweengcambu.
Kubalulekile ukubeka iliso ekuphuhlisweni kwe "suckers" (amahlumela angalindelekanga avela kwi-trunk okanye iingcambu), ukuwaphelisa ukuze amandla ahanjiswe kumasebe amakhulu.
Uninzi lwezinambuzane kunye nezifo eziqhelekileyo
- Elm graphosis: Nangona i-Ulmus pumila ibonisa a ukumelana okuphezulu kwisifo esibulalayo se-Dutch elm (ifungus esasazwa ngooqongqothwane), isenokuhlaselwa luhlaselo oluqatha ukuba luba buthathaka.
- Elm leaf beetle: Ibhungane UGalerucella luteola, abantu abadala kunye nezibungu zidla i-parenchyma yeqabunga, ishiya kuphela imithambo, yenza buthathaka umthi. Ukubeka iliso kunye nonyango lwe-insecticidal luyacetyiswa kwizigaba zokuqala.
- Ii-Augers: isinambuzane I-Scolytus scolytus Ngokukhethekileyo ihlasela iisampulu ezibuthathaka, kwaye inokwenza lula usulelo lwe-Dutch elm disease fungi.
- Imibungu yeDefoliator: Iintlobo ezifana I-Stilpnotis salicis, I-Euproctis, eMalacosoma y ILymantria yahlukile Babangela umonakalo omkhulu kwaye bafuna ukungenelela kwangaphambili.
- Abanye: Whitefly, green aphid, limpet scale kunye nokungunda ezifana Iipolyporus y Iifom Zinokuvela kwindawo ekungangeni moya ngazo kakuhle okanye emva kokuthenwa okungacocekanga.
Kuzo zonke iimeko, ukucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane izixhobo zokuthena, ukususa inkunkuma yezityalo, kunye nokusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezifanelekileyo kunceda ukunciphisa ingozi.
Ukuhambelana kunye netyhefu
Akukho ziphumo zaziwayo eziyityhefu kwizilwanyana zasekhaya okanye abantu, ngoko ke zinokutyalwa kwiigadi zasekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, yayo ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nenkqubo yeengcambu ezinamandla inokuchaphazela izakhiwo ezikufutshane okanye iindlela zokuhamba, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyigcine kude nezakhiwo.
Iingcebiso zokulima
- Ukukhetha indawo: Jonga umhlaba onzulu, otsalwe kakuhle kude nesiseko esingevani neengcambu.
- Ukutyala: Kukhethwa ukuba kwenziwe ekwindla okanye ebusika, nto leyo evumela ukuhluma kweengcambu ngaphambi kokuntshula ngamandla entlakohlaza.
- Isondlo: Qinisekisa ukufukama ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kokhula, ngakumbi kwiminyaka yokuqala.
- Ukuthenwa rhoqo: Gcina i-canopy kwaye ususe iindawo ezonakalisiweyo okanye ezigulayo ukukhusela ukuphuka kunye nomonakalo wesakhiwo.
