Isequoia enkulu (Sequoiadendron giganteum) ngumthi ongumfuziselo onomtsalane kunye nawo ukuthwala isikhumbuzo, isiqe ixesha elide kunye neyothusayo ukumelana nokubanda. Ukuba unomdla wokuyityala okanye sele uhlala nayo, esi sikhokelo sihlanganisa izenzo ezicacileyo nezingqiniweyo zayo ukulima, ukunkcenkceshela, umhlaba, ukuthena, ukuphindaphinda kunye nolawulo lwengxaki, ukongeza kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nefom ipendula kunye nokulinywa kwayo njengoko bonsai.
Inkcazo kunye neempawu zebhotani zeSequoiadendron giganteum
Yinkonifa ezingapheliyo, monoecious, de isiqu esinye kakhulu kwaye ixolo enemicu obomvu omdaka ngombala. Kwindawo yayo yokuhlala inokugqithisa 100m ukuphakama kwaye ziphuhlise iinkuni ezinkulu zomjikelezoAmagqabi mancinci, gqolo kwaye icwangciswe ngokujikeleza amasetyana, enemilo emxinwa kunye neziphelo ezitsolo. Iyabonisa iicones zemithi (i-pine cones) ezithatha ixesha elide ukuvuthwa kwaye zingahlala emthini iminyaka emininzi.
Ebutsheni ugcina a imilo yephiramidi rhoqo kwaye icwecwe ukusuka ngezantsi; ngokukhula, isithsaba siba imijikelo kwaye amasebe asezantsi anokulahleka ngokwendalo okanye ngenxa yembalela emandla. Ngumthi we ubomi obude kakhulu ezithi phantsi kweemeko ezilungileyo ziphile iwaka leminyaka.
Imvelaphi, indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuziphatha ngaphandle koluhlu lwayo
Umthonyama kwithambeka elisentshona ISierra Nevada yaseCalifornia, iyachuma phakathi ukuphakama okuphakathi ngobusika obubandayo (ikhephu kwindawo yemvelaphi), ihlobo elomileyo kunye ukufuma emoyeni phezulu. Ngaphandle kwendawo ehlala kuyo ilinywa ngokubanzi njenge umthi wepaki kunye negadi kwimimandla yemozulu epholileyo enomswakama owaneleyo wendawo, apho ibonisa khona rusticity enkulu kunye nokuziqhelanisa.
Kwimozulu epholileyo nefumileyo yaseYurophu, inokufikelela kubukhulu obumangalisayo (ngamanye amaxesha amashumi eemitha), nangona ingafane ihambelane nobukhulu obugqithisileyo bendawo yayo yokuhlala. indawo eninzi i-eriyali kunye ne-radicular ukubonisa ukuzala kwayo.
Indawo, imozulu kunye nokuvezwa
Khetha indawo oya kuyo ilanga elipheleleyo o semi-isithunzi (eyakugqibela ikhethwa kulutsha okanye kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo). Uyayixabisa imekobume entsha kwaye ifumile ngokujikeleza komoya kwaye uyasokola ubushushu obugqithisileyo obuqhubekayo. Inyamezela kakuhle viento xa sele imisiwe.
Melana amaqondo obushushu asezantsi; imizekelo emincinci inokuba novakalelo kuyo iiqabaka zamva entwasahlobo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubakhusele kwiminyaka yokuqala. Ayinyamezeli kakhulu iimeko zokukhenkceza. ukoma okugqithisileyo kwe-atmospheric kunye nomhlaba owomileyo.
Umhlaba, ukulungiswa komhlaba kunye nokutyala
Ikhetha imihlaba nzulu, zikhululekile y ikhutshiwe kakuhle, ngokuyintabalala izinto eziphilayoEyona pH ifanelekileyo iasidi kancinane ukuya kokungathathi hlangothi; kwimihlaba ene calcareous kakhulu inokuchaphazeleka, nangona inyamezela kancinane imihlaba ene calcareous ukuba ulwakhiwo kunye ne drainage zilungile. Ukufumana iindlela ezilungileyo, fumana Indlela yokukhulisa i-sequoia enkulu.
Yiphephe udongwe olunzima kunye nezikhukhula ezithatha ixesha elide: ukuthanda amanzi amaninzi ukubola iingcambu kunye neengxaki zokungunda. Sebenza umngxuma ngesisa, udibanisa umgquba ovuthiweyo kunye Uluhlu lwe-mulch emva kokutyala ukugcina ukufuma kunye nobushushu bomhlaba obuphakathi.
Kwiindawo ezinehlobo elomileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kufakwe i-a umngxuma omkhulu womthi ukwenza lula ukunkcenkceshela nzulu. Khumbula ukuba lo mthi uphuhlisa inkqubo yeengcambu ezinamandla: yibeke kude nezakhiwo, iipavumente kunye nemibhobho.
Ukunkcenkceshela nzulu: rhoqo, iilitha kunye nobuchule
Uthanda imigangatho ifumile kodwa ayinamanziNgexesha lokusekwa (iminyaka yokuqala, kwaye ngakumbi ngexesha lehlobo elomileyo), khetha ukunkcenkceshela. nzulu kwaye inezithuba emanzisa yonke indawo yeengcambu.
- Kunkcenkceshelo ngalunye sebenzisa Iilitha ezingama-75-100 (okanye ngaphezulu kwisampulu ephakathi) ukuze amanzi afikelele iprofayile yengcambu.
- Zisa amanzi kancinci, ukuphepha ukuphuma kwamanzi; umhlaba owomileyo ufunxa kancinci ukuba unkcenkceshelwe ngokukhawuleza.
- Las iingxowa zokunkcenkceshela Iingxowa ezikhutshwa kancinci zikhupha amanzi ethontsi ngethontsi kwiiyure ezininzi, nto leyo ebangela ukumanzisa okufanayo. Kwimithi emikhulu, unokufaka isikhwama kwi-a isibonda ibekwe kwindawo yeengcambu.
- Ukuba unkcenkceshela ngaphandle kwengxowa, yenze into yokuqala ekuseni okanye al ukuba ubusuku ukunciphisa i-evaporation kunye noxinzelelo lwe-thermal.
Nje ukuba isekwe, i-sequoia enkulu iyanciphisa imfuno yayo yokunkcenkceshela, ngakumbi kwiimozulu ezine iimvula rhoqo okanye ukufuma okuphezulu. Jonga rhoqo i ibhalansi yamanzi: injongo kukugcina umhlaba fresco, ayizange ihluthe.
Ulawulo lokuchumisa kunye nokugquma
Kwimihlaba echumileyo kwanele ukugcina a isigqubuthelo se-mulch (inkunkuma yamagqabi, ixolo elivundiweyo, okanye amaqhekeza omthi) kwindawo yokuthontsiza, ihlaziywa ngexesha ngalinye lonyaka. Kwimihlaba ehluphekileyo, unokongeza isichumiso sezinto eziphilayo Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, thintela i-nitrogen engaphezulu, ekhuthaza ukukhula kwethenda. usengozini yoxinzelelo.
Kwizityalo, idosi ephakathi isichumisi esilawulwayo Kuyanceda ukuqala inkqubo yeengcambu. Musa ukuyixuba ngokuthe ngqo kwiingcambu ezincinci; yibeke ngasemva nasemacaleni ukusuka kumngxunya owahlulwe kancinane.
Ukuthena, uqeqesho kunye nokhuseleko
Ngokwendalo, ayifuni ukuthena Ulwakhiwo rhoqo. Susa amasebe omileyo, yonakele okanye igule, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuthena ebusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, xa umngcipheko weqabaka eqatha iphantsi. Ziphephe amanxeba amakhulu kunye nokusikeka okungeyomfuneko okubeka esichengeni ulwakhiwo kunye namandla.
Kwimizekelo yasezidolophini, ukuthenwa kokuphakamisa isithsaba kufuneka kube encinci kunye nenkqubela. Khumbula: ngumthi we ubungakanani obukhulu; ukuvavanya ukhuseleko kwaye, ukuba ukungenelela ekuphakameni kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa ootitshala.
Ukusabalalisa: imbewu, i-stratification kunye ne-cuttings
Ukuzala ngembewu kunokwenzeka unyaka wonke ukuba ubusika bulinganiswe ngendlela stratification ebandayoInjongo kukuphula i ukulala kunye nokulungelelanisa ukuntshula kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo.
- Stratify imbewu ebandayo phakathi 4–5 ºC ngexesha lokubonisa Iiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-9Olu luhlu lunokunqunyulwa okanye lwandiswe ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yembewu.
- Emva kwe-stratification, cwina Iiyure ezingama-12-24 emanzini afudumeleyo.
- Ukuhlwayela phezu komhlaba kwi substrate yokuntshula; musa ukugquma okanye ukugquma ngomaleko omncinci kakhulu.
- Gcina ukufuma rhoqo kunye nobushushu obuphakathi; faka umoya kwi-mini-greenhouse rhoqo ukuphepha ngundo.
- Ixesha likaxakeka lidla ngokuqala ukusuka Iiveki ezi-2 ne-5.
Kunyaka wokuqala, beka izithole kwindawo engenamoya. ikhuselwe kwaye ine-semi-shaded, kunye ne-substrate emanzi kodwa ekhuphayo. Ukususela kunyaka wesibini okanye wesithathu, ukutshintshwa kwindawo yangaphandle esisigxina ukuba iimeko zivuma. iintlobo Iindidi ezikhethiweyo zingasasazwa nge Ukumiliselwa. Iingcambu nazo ziyenzeka nge ukusika ehlotyeni, nangona izinga lempumelelo elisezantsi.
Isilumkiso esibalulekileyo: ukuba zizinto eziphathekayo Vivo, akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ipesenti ye ukuntshula, kuba kuxhomekeke ekuhlaziyeni kwembewu kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, kwi iimeko zokuqhuba ngexesha lokutyala kunye nokukhula kokuqala.
Iindidi kunye neefom zokuhombisa: i-endulous giant sequoia
IFomu ipendula (Sequoiadendron giganteum "I-Pendulum" inomdla columnar kwaye emxinwa enamasebe ajingayo ayinika inkangeleko eyodwa kakhulu, phantse "njenge-mane-like". Isithsaba sincinci kwaye isiqu sithe tye kwaye ngamanye amaxesha tortuous, igxininisa umzobo oqingqiweyo wesampulu.
Kwiimeko ezilungileyo inokukhula ngeenxa zonke 30 cm ngonyaka, ukufikelela malunga. 4 m kwishumi leminyaka yokuqala kwaye, ekuvuthweni, iimitha ezininzi ngaphezulu (malunga ne-8 m ngokwamava okulima okuhombisa). Ikhetha imihlaba bunzulu, buchumile kwaye bukhutshiwe kakuhle, ukunkcenkceshela phakathi ngaphandle kokukhukula kunye nokuvezwa kwe ilanga elipheleleyo a isiqingatha somthunzi. Iyaxhathisa kubanda kunye viento Xa sele zisekiwe, nangona izithole kunye nabaselula bayakuxabisa ukukhuselwa iiqabaka zamva.
Kukwakho nomhlanganiselwa omncinci 'Pygmaeum', umdla kwiigadi ezincinci okanye iiqoqo ezikhethekileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nolawulo lwendawo
Ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obunokwenzeka, ifanelekile njenge Umzekelo ohlukileyo kwiigadi ezinkulu kunye neepaki, apho ibonisa ukuzala kwayo. Isetyenziswa kwi imithi yobuhle kunye nezikrini zezityalo ezide xa kukho indawo eyaneleyo. Xa ukhetha indawo, beka phambili uqikelelo lwexesha elizayo wendebe neengcambu.
Sequoiadendron giganteum bonsai: ukhathalelo oluthile
Njengebhonsai ayiqhelekanga kunezinye iiconifers, kodwa kunokwenzeka ngolawulo olucokisekileyo. Ifuna ukukhanya okuninzinge umthunzi okhethekileyo ehlotyeni ezishushu kakhulu. Yikhusele kwi imimoya ebandayo intenso.
- Unkcenkceshelo: Yonke imihla ngexesha lokukhula; ebusika, nciphisa ngaphandle kokuvumela ukuba zome ngokupheleleyo. Inkungu ngeentsuku ezomileyo ukukhuthaza amagqabi.
- Umbhalisi: rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-2-3 ngexesha elisebenzayo (entwasahlobo-ekwindla) kunye namanani aphakathi.
- Ukuthena kunye nokupina: Yenza ukuthena ngokwakhiwa nje phambi kokuba ukuntshula. Gcina ukuthena amahlumelo amatsha rhoqo ukuze uwahlanganise.
- Iingcingo: isuka ukukhula okuthe tye; ucingo lunceda ukucacisa, kodwa umthi uthande ukuphinda uhlaziyeke ngokuthe nkqo. Isebenza ngendlela ngokuthe ngcembe nangobulumko ukuphepha ukwaphuka.
- Ukufakelwa kwakhona: yonke iminyaka engama-2-3 entwasahlobo, kunye nokuxuba umxube (umzekelo. Akadama kunye nezinto zentaba-mlilo).
- Iingxaki: jonga "ukomisa ngaphandle kweeconifers» (imvelaphi yokungunda). Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala kwisebe kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza; isebenza nge ukuthena ucoceko kunye nemichiza yokungunda efanelekileyo.
Ngokubanzi, ayikhathazwa zizinambuzane ezinobungozi. Umngcipheko omkhulu uvela amakhowa ithandwa ngu ukufuma okugqithisileyo kunye nomoya ongekho mgangathweni: i-dieback, iziqhumiso y ukubola. Babona kwangaphambili ngokulungileyo inkqubo yogutyulo, ukunkcenkceshela ngokufanelekileyo, ukungena komoya kunye nokuphepha ukulimala ngokungeyomfuneko.
Jonga kwiminyaka yokuqala ingcambu ikhola, uvakalelo kakhulu kwi-waterlogging. Hlala ususa izinto ezigulayo kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane; kwiimeko ezinzima, qhagamshelana nochwepheshe ukulungelelanisa isicwangciso sonyango. unyango.
Umahluko kunye ne-redwood (Sequoia iispervirens)
I-redwood yenye i-conifer ephawulekayo, kodwa ye indawo yokuhlala eselunxwemeni kunye nokufuma okuphezulu. Yahlulwa ngamandla ayo amangalisayo ukuhluma kwakhona kwesiphunzi emva kokusikwa kunye neenkuni kakhulu ehlala njalo kwaye iyaxhathisa kwi ukubolaNangona bobabini baseKolose, Sequoiadendron giganteum inesiqu esikhulu enkulu kunye nokuziqhelanisa nemo engqongileyo eninzi ingaphakathi kunye nentaba; Sequoia iispervirens ugcina iirekhodi ze altura kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo.
Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo kunye nezixhobo eziluncedo
Ukujongwa ngokusondeleyo kwimeko yezempilo, i ii-apps zokuchonga ukusuka kwizityalo ukusuka Iifoto nceda ukuqaphela izifo, kunokwenzeka iityhefu kwaye ulungise uyakhathala o unyangoZisebenzise njengenkxaso, kungekhona njengendawo yokuhlola ngokuthe ngqo okanye isigwebo sobuchule.
Xa icandelo lide kakhulu okanye umthi usemncinci kakhulu, beka phambili iindawo inomthunzi ngokuyinxenye kwaye ugcine i umswakama ye-substrate ezinzileyo. Njengoko umthi ukhula, uyazuza Umelele ngokuchasene nembalela kunye nomoya.
Ukuba ujonge i-conifer ekhokelayo, ehlala ixesha elide, kwaye igcinwe ngokufanelekileyo, i-sequoia enkulu ivuza ngobukho obukhethekileyo: kunye umhlaba onzulu, ukunkcenkceshela ucotha kwaye unzulu, inkqubo yogutyulo bengenakubekwa, ukuthenwa okuncinci kwaye kuhle ukucwangcisa indawo, iba luphawu oluphilayo lomyezo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.