Isikhokelo esigqibeleleyo kwiMithi yeSalix: Iintlobo zeHardy kunye noNonophelo olubalulekileyo

Intshayelelo yemithi yeSalix: ukuqina, ubuhle, kunye nokuguquguquka kwegadi

Los imithi yohlobo lweSalix, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-willows, yenza iqela elikhulu lemithi kunye neentlobo ze-shrub eziqatshelwe ngenxa yokuchasana kwazo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nemozulu eyahlukeneyo kunye nomhlaba. Ukusuka kumfuziselo Umngcunube olilayo (Salix babylonica) ukuya kwiintlobo ezifana salix alba (umngcunube omhlophe), uSalix udibanisa 'iHakuro Nishiki' okanye isinye Salix caprea 'Kilmarnock'Le mithi inika ixabiso elikhulu lokuhombisa, i-ecology, kunye nexabiso elisebenzayo kwiigadi, iipaki kunye neendawo zendalo. Ngombulelo kubunzima babo kunye nobuhle obukhethekileyo, uhlobo lweSalix lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwabo baqalayo kunye nabalimi begadi abafuna izisombululo ezinomngeni kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye noyilo olumangalisayo lomhlaba.

Eli nqaku liphonononga olona didi lubalaseleyo noluxatyisiweyo lweSalix, iimpawu zabo ezahlukileyo, iinkcukacha ezinzulu malunga nokulima, ukunyamekelwa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokukhusela izinambuzane kunye nokuthintela izifo. Ngale ndlela, uya kuba nakho ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo eli qela lemithi enomdla kwaye ufunde ukwenza uninzi lweempawu zabo kwigadi yakho okanye kwindawo eluhlaza.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zemithi yeSalix

I-genus ye-Salix, yosapho Isalaceaceae, iquka ngaphezu kweentlobo ezingama-300 ezisasazwe kwiindawo ezipholileyo nezibandayo kuzo zombini ihemispheres. Imingcunube ibonakaliswa ngokuba isigqibo, enamagqabi alula, atshintshanayo, ngokubanzi ukumila kwe-lanceolate kunye nemida enqamlezileyo. Ubungakanani babo bunokwahluka ukusuka amatyholo aphantsi phezulu imithi emikhulu ezingaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-20 ubude.

Olunye lweempawu zazo ezibalaseleyo yinkqubo yazo eyomeleleyo nenabileyo yeengcambu, ezivumela ukuba zichume kumhlaba ofumileyo kwaye zikwazi ukumelana namaxesha ezikhukula. Iintyatyambo, ezihlanganiswe kwi-catkins, zinokuba yindoda okanye ibhinqa, kwaye zivele ngaphambi okanye ngaxeshanye kunye namagqabi entwasahlobo. Iintlobo ze-genus Salix nazo ziphawuleka ngamagatsha azo aguquguqukayo kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Iintlobo eziphambili ze-rustic zeSalix kunye nomdla wazo wokuhombisa

• Salix babylonica (weeping willow): Umthi omkhulu (ukuya kuma-20 eemitha ubude) onamasebe amade, aguquguqukayo, athobileyo aphantse achukumise umhlaba, usetyenziswa kakhulu kwiigadi kunye neepaki ngenxa ye-silhouette yayo entle kunye nemangalisayo. Inamagqabi angathi nca, aluhlaza ngaphezulu kunye ne-glaucous ngaphantsi, kunye nemida enqamlezileyo. Ivela e-China kwaye yenye yezona zinto zidume kakhulu ngombulelo kwimpembelelo yayo yomhlaba kunye nokuqina kwayo.
• Salix alba (umngcunube omhlophe): Yahlulwa ngombala omhlophe wecala elingaphantsi kwamagqabi ayo. Ikhula ifikelele kwiimitha ezingama-25 ubude, ibhityile, kwaye inexolo elingwevu elicandekileyo. Umthi wayo uyabhetyebhetye kwaye usetyenziswa kwibhaskithi; ixolo ngumthombo isalicin, isandulela se-aspirin. Kuxabiswa kakhulu ukubuyisela amathambeka kunye neendawo ezikhukulisekileyo, kunye nokuba zihombise. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokulinywa kunye nokunyamekela, tyelela salix alba.
• USalix udibanisa 'iHakuro Nishiki': Isihlahla esinamagqabi aphakathi (ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezi-3 ubude), silungele iigadi ezincinci kunye neendawo ezivaliweyo. Amagqabi awo anemibala eyahlukahlukeneyo enemibala emhlophe, ekhrimu, epinki, neluhlaza, ingakumbi entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Ekwindla, ziba tyheli, zishiya amasetyana abomvu abonakala. Ixabiseke kakhulu ngenxa yombala wayo kunye nokuguquguquka kwiheji, iimbiza, okanye izixhobo zokutyala.
• Salix caprea 'Kilmarnock': Ikwaziwa njengegoat willow, inembonakalo ebambeneyo, elandelanayo, enesilika, iicatkins zokuhombisa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ikhuliswa kwiigadi nakwiimbiza kwaye iphawulwa ngokuziqhelanisa neemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo.
• U-Salix uphendula: I-shrub ephantsi, elandelwayo ifanelekile ukugubungela umhlaba kunye neendawo ezifumileyo. Ivelisa iicatkins ezihonjisiweyo ezisilivere kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci xa sele isekiwe.
• I-Salix purpurea: Eyaziwa ngokuba ngumngcunube omfusa, ifanelekile kuzo zombini iiheji kunye nokutyalwa kokuhombisa. Amasebe ayo amahle kunye nemibala emfusa iyahlula kwaye ivumela iziphumo ezikhethekileyo zokuhombisa.

Iimfuno zokusingqongileyo kunye nendawo efanelekileyo yeSalix

Indawo kunye nokusingqongileyo zingundoqo kuphuhliso olufanelekileyo lwemingculuba. Nangona Uninzi lweentlobo zeSalix zomelele kakhulu kunye nokunyamezela iimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukuqonda iimfuno zabo ezisisiseko ukuze zikhanye kubo bonke ubuqaqawuli babo:

• Ukukhanya: Imingcunube ikhula kakuhle kakhulu ilanga elipheleleyo, nangona iintlobo ezininzi, ezifana ne-Salix integra, ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa ne-semi-shade okanye nokuba ngumthunzi. Ukuvezwa kukukhanya okuthe ngqo kukhuthaza umbala ogqame ngakumbi kwiindidi ze-variegated.
• Ubushushu: Ziyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu (ezinye iintlobo ziyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo asezantsi ukuya kuma -30°C). Nangona kunjalo, zikhetha imozulu enemozulu epholileyo ekhuselweyo kwimimoya ebhudla ngamandla ukuthintela umonakalo kumasebe azo abuthathaka ngakumbi.
• Ukufuma kunye nokunkcenkceshela: yakhe imithi ethanda amanzi kwaye ukhetha imihlaba enokufuma okuthe rhoqo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwiindonga zemilambo, amachibi, kunye neendawo ezinokufikelela lula emanzini. Kwiigadi, kuyacetyiswa ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ukuthintela ixesha elide lembalela. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, bona Indlela yokukhetha izityalo ezomeleleyo kwiigadi zangaphandle.
• Umhlaba: I-Salix iqhelana noluhlu olubanzi lwemihlaba ukuba igalelwe kakuhle kwaye ityebile kwizinto eziphilayo. Zikhetha umhlaba ofumileyo, onzulu, kunye nomoya ongene kakuhle. Ukugcina umswakama, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isigcina-kufuma eziphilayo, ezifana nexolo lepine elityumkileyo.

Ukutyala kunye nokufakela imithi yeSalix

Ukuqinisekisa ukusekwa ngempumelelo kwe-willows, kubalulekile ukulungisa umhlaba ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye unakekele amanyathelo okutyala:

1. Khetha indawo ebanzi, kude nezakhiwo, imibhobho kunye neenkqubo zococeko, kuba Inkqubo yeengcambu inamandla kakhulu kwaye ibanzi kwaye inokonakalisa izakhiwo eziphantsi komhlaba.
2. Yomba umngxuma ubuncinci ngokuphindwe kabini ububanzi nanzulu njengengcambu yomthi okanye yomthi.
3. Xuba umhlaba osusiweyo kunye ne-compost okanye i-organic substrate ukuphucula ubume kunye nokuchuma.
4. Susa ngokucokisekileyo i-rootball kwi-container, ukhulule ngokukhawuleza iingcambu, kwaye ususe nayiphi na eyonakalisiweyo.
5. Beka umthi emngxunyeni, uqinisekise ukuba intamo ilingana nomhlaba, kwaye ugcwalise umxube.
6. Gxininisa kancinane umhlaba kunye namanzi nzulu ukuhlalisa umhlaba kunye nokuphelisa naziphi na iipokotho zomoya.
7. Gcina ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala, ngakumbi ehlotyeni elomileyo okanye kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophantsi.

Kwimeko yeendidi zeembiza, ezifana ne-Salix integra 'Hakuro Nishiki' okanye Salix caprea 'Kilmarnock', khetha izikhongozeli ezikhulu ezinemijelo elungileyo kwaye usebenzise isubstrates ezityebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nokugcina ukufuma.

Ukhathalelo olubalulekileyo lwemithi yeSalix

Ukhathalelo lweWillow lulula, kodwa lufuna imiba ephambili yokuqinisekisa impilo kunye nophuhliso olugqibeleleyo:

• Unkcenkceshelo: Qinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwamanzi rhoqo, ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhula okusebenzayo kunye nexesha elifudumeleyo. Kuphephe ukugcwala kwamanzi ukuthintela izifo zeengcambu. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, bona indlela yokunkcenkceshela imithi ngokuchanekileyo.
• Ukuprintwa: Ukuthena ngonyaka kubalulekile ukugcina imilo, ukukhuthaza amasebe amatsha, kunye nokususa iindawo ezonakalisiweyo. Kwiintlobo ezilandelwayo, ezifana ne-Salix babylonica, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ususe amasebe achukumisa umhlaba ukuze kube lula ukungena komoya kunye nokukhusela i-fungus. Kwiintlobo zokuhombisa, pruna ukwandisa ukuxinana kunye nombala wamagqabi.
• Umbhalisi: Faka izichumiso zenitrogen ezityebileyo okanye izichumiso ezikhutshwa kancinci ngexesha lasentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okunamandla.
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula: Gcina indalo ingenakhula olukhuphisana ngezondlo kunye nokufuma. Ukusebenzisa i-mulch kunceda ukunciphisa ukhula.
• Ukujongwa komonakalo wesakhiwo: Imingcunube, ingakumbi emikhulu, inokuba namasebe abuthathaka aphuka lula xa kubethwa ngumoya okanye kukho izaqhwithi. Susa amasebe awonakele ngokukhawuleza ukuphepha iingozi okanye usulelo.

Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifo eSalix: uthintelo kunye nonyango

Imingcunube, nangona yomelele kakhulu, inokuchatshazelwa zizinambuzane nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukukhula kwabo ngokukhawuleza kunokubenza basengozini, ngoko kubalulekile uthintelo kunye nonyango lwakwangoko:

Izinambuzane eziphambili

• Izinambuzane zasemgodini wamagqabi: Zibangela iigalari kumagqabi kunye namasebe, zenza buthathaka umthi kwaye zibangele ukuchithwa okukhulu kwamagqabi.
• Imibungu yeDefoliator: Phakathi kwezona zixhaphakileyo zezi: I-Stilpnotis salicis, umbungu wengxowa (I-Euproctis), umbungu (eMalacosoma) kunye ILymantria yahlukile, ezinokutya amagqabi amaninzi kwimozulu eshushu.
• Iikhrisomala: Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zooqongqothwane (Plagiodera versicolor, Phyllodecta vitellinae) imibungu yayo idla amagqabi, ishiya imithambo kuphela.
• Iintwala kunye ne-mealybugs: Zitya incindi kwaye zisenza buthathaka isityalo. Banokukhuthaza ukukhula kwefungi ye-saprophytic.

Izifo eziphindaphindiweyo

• Amakhowa: El I-Fusicladium saliciperdum kubangela ukuthomalalisa amagqabi, abe mnyama kunye nokuwa kwangaphambi kwexesha. ukungunda okungumgubo Kubonakala ngathi ngumgubo omhlophe emagqabini kwaye, nangona kunqabile kakhulu, kunokwenza buthathaka imithi emincinci.
• Amabala amagqabi: Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungunda zibangela amabala kunye nokubola, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifumileyo.
• I-Chancres kunye ne-necrosis: Ezinye izifo zinokubangela i-necrosis kunye ne-cankers kumasebe, zenza buthathaka isakhiwo somthi.

Unyango kunye namanyathelo okuthintela

• Ziqhelise ukuthenwa rhoqo kwamasebe achaphazelekayo kunye namagqabi, ukuwasusa kwindawo yokukhusela ukusasazeka kwezifo.
• Sebenzisa iimveliso ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela izityalo ezifana ne-copper oxychloride, iZineb, okanye ezinye izibulala-zinambuzane ezithile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasemva kokubona iimpawu zokuqala.
• Kwimeko yezinambuzane, sebenzisa unyango lwe-insecticide kwizigaba zokuqala (xa iimbungu zincinci), ngokukhethekileyo kunye nendalo engqongileyo, iimveliso eziphilayo.
• Gcina uphaphile rhoqo, ngakumbi emva kwamaxesha emvula okanye ngexesha lobushushu obunamandla.
• Khuthaza ukwahluka kwezinto eziphilayo ngokutyala iintlobo ezitsala izinambuzane eziluncedo kunye nezitshabalalisi zendalo zezinambuzane eziqhelekileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemithi yeSalix: ngaphaya kokuhlobisa

Ukongeza kwixabiso labo elingenakuphikiswa lokuhombisa, iintlobo ze-Salix zihlala zenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yendalo kunye nokusebenza:

• Ulawulo lokhukuliseko: Iingcambu zayo ezishinyeneyo nezinamasebe zibalulekile ekuzinziseni imilambo namachibi, ukukhusela kukhukuliseko kunye nezikhukhula ezinokubakho.
• Isiqhekeza somoya: Ityalwe kwimiqolo, imingcunube isebenza njengomqobo wendalo ngokuchasene nemimoya enamandla, ukukhusela izityalo kunye nemimandla yezolimo.
• Ukuveliswa kweenkuni: Ezinye iintlobo, ezifana ne-Salix alba, zibonelela ngomthi oguquguqukayo osetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-basketry, ifenitshala ekhanyayo kunye nokwenziwa kweepali.
• Ixabiso lendalo: Imingcunube inika ikhusi kunye nokutya kweentaka, izinambuzane ezisasaza ipoleni, kunye ne-mycofauna, nto leyo ephucula ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo zasekuhlaleni.
• Iimpawu zonyango: Ixolo le-Salix alba liqulethe i-salicin, isandulela sendalo se-aspirin, ngokwesiko isetyenziselwa ukuthomalalisa iintlungu kunye nomkhuhlane.
• Usetyenziso lwemveli: Ukongeza kwizinto zokuhombisa kunye nezamayeza, zibaluleke kakhulu ngokwembali njengomthombo weenkuni, umthunzi, kwaye njengendlela yokubeka imida kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.

Iintlobo ezicetyiswayo zeSalix kwigadi

Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo luyimfuneko ukuze lulungelelanise indawo ekhoyo kunye neenjongo zokwakheka komhlaba:

• Weeping willow (Salix babylonica): Ilungele iigadi ezinkulu okanye iindawo zikawonke-wonke, idala imbonakalo yothando kwaye ilungele imida yamachibi. Ayikhuthazwa kufutshane namakhaya ngenxa yobukhulu kunye namandla enkqubo yayo yeengcambu.
• Salix alba: Kucetyiswa iindawo ezinkulu okanye ukubuyiselwa kokusingqongileyo. Ukumelana okugqwesileyo kwimpepho yolwandle kunye nomhlaba onzima.
• USalix udibanisa 'iHakuro Nishiki': Ifanelekile kwiigadi ezincinci, inika umbala kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezibonakalayo. Ilungele ukukhula kwizikhongozeli, izixhobo zokutyala, kunye neeheji.
• Salix caprea 'Kilmarnock': Ukugcinwa okuncinci kunye nokuphantsi, okufanelekileyo kwi-terraces kunye ne-patios.
• I-Salix ibuyisela kunye ne-Salix purpurea: Igqwesileyo kwikhava yomhlaba, imiphetho yamachibi kunye neendawo ezinomswakama oqhubekayo.

Iingcebiso zokulima iSalix ngokuzinzileyo

Ulawulo olululo lwemithi yeSalix lunokuba negalelo ngokufanelekileyo kokusingqongileyo kwaye luququzelele ukugcinwa kwayo kwexesha elide:

• Khetha iintlobo zendalo okanye ezo zilungele imozulu yakho, njengoko ziya kufuna ukhathalelo oluncinci kwaye ziya kukhuselwa ngcono kwizitshabalalisi nezifo zalapha.
• Kulumkele ukutyala imingcunube kufutshane neziseko zophuhliso, iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, okanye iindawo zokugcina amanzi ukuthintela ukonakala kweengcambu.
• Khuthaza ukutyala okuxubeneyo: dibanisa imingcunube kunye nezinye iintlobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokufuma ukuze kwandiswe izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kunye ne-ecosystem balance.
• Kwiindawo zezolimo, zisebenzise njenge-windbreak okanye ikhethini eluhlaza, ukuqinisekisa ukuphuculwa kwe-microclimate ejikelezileyo.
• Khetha iintlobo ezininzi zokuhombisa ezixineneyo zeendawo ezincinci kunye nezitiya zokuhlala.

Ukuphindaphinda kunye nokusasazwa kweSalix

Imingcunube iphindaphindeka ngokulula, ibenze ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kubalimi bawo onke amanqanaba:

• Ukwenzela ukusikwa: Le yeyona ndlela ilula kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu. Sika nje amasebe amancinci (aleleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ebusika), malunga ne-20-30 cm ubude, kwaye uwatyale ngqo emhlabeni okanye kwisitya esine-substrate emanzi. Kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa, bavelisa iingcambu kunye namahlumelo amatsha.
• Ngokuxhunyelelwa: Ixhaphakile kwiindidi zokuhombisa kunye nokuqokelela, ivumela ukufumana iimilo ezithile okanye imibala.
• Ngembewu: Ixhaphake kakhulu, kuba iintlobo ezininzi zinembewu ephantsi yokusebenza okanye zifuna iimeko ezikhethekileyo zokuntshula.

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe amasebe anempilo, anamandla okuqinisekisa ukuhluma okuyimpumelelo, kunye nokugcina ukufuma rhoqo kulo lonke ixesha. Ukugawulwa kweengcambu kulula ukuba kulinywe entwasahlobo okanye ekupheleni kobusika.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nokukhula kunye nokukhathalela iSalix

• Ndingatyala umthi womngcunube kufutshane nendlu?
  Akukhuthazwa ukutyala imingcunube emikhulu kufutshane nezakhiwo, iindonga, amadama okuqubha, okanye imibhobho yamanzi. Iingcambu zabo zinokuphakamisa iipavumente okanye zonakalise iinkqubo zogutyulo. Khetha iindawo eziphangaleleyo, ezicacileyo zeentlobo ezinkulu, kwaye ukhethe iintlobo ezixineneyo okanye ezifakwe embizeni ukuba indawo ilinganiselwe.
• Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela ngamanzi amaninzi?
  Imingcunube iyawumela umhlaba ofume kakhulu, kodwa ukugcwala kwamanzi ixesha elide kudongwe okanye kumhlaba ongakhutshelwanga kakuhle kungakhuthaza izifo zokungunda kunye nokugqunywa kweengcambu. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwamanzi okwaneleyo, ngakumbi kwiintlobo zokuhombisa okanye ezifakwe kwiimbiza.
• Ulazi njani ixesha lokuthena?
  Elona xesha lilungileyo lokuthena kusekupheleni kobusika, phambi kokuphuka kwamathupha. Susa amasebe afileyo, anqamlezileyo, okanye ezo zithintela uphuhliso olulungeleleneyo lwecanopy. Kwimingcunube yokulila, susa amasebe achukumisa umhlaba kwaye ugcine uphawu lweglobose okanye ukumila okubuhlungu.
• Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa izinambuzane zivela?
  Yenza ngothintelo kwaye usebenzise unyango ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba iimpawu zokuqala zibonwe. Gcina isityalo sisempilweni, uthintele uxinzelelo lwamanzi, kwaye usebenzise i-biological agents xa kunokwenzeka ukukhuthaza ulawulo lwendalo.

Los Imithi yeSalix Banikezela indibaniselwano engaqhelekanga yokuqina, ukuguquguquka, kunye nobuhle bokuhlobisa. Nokuba njengabalinganiswa kwiigadi ezinomhlaba, amahlakani ekubuyiselweni kwendalo, okanye izinto eziphambili kwindalo eyohlukeneyo yasezidolophini nasezilalini, ukukhululeka kwabo kokulinywa kunye nokusetyenziswa okuninzi kubenza lube lolona khetho lunempumelelo ngakumbi kwigadi kunye nabathandi bendalo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ulmus: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo seempawu, ukhathalelo, kunye neentlobo ezibonakalisiweyo