El rambutan Ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza wetropiki ngoko zokuhlobisa njengaye ezivelisayo, ixatyiswe ngenxa yeziqhamo zayo ezingaqhelekanga kunye nazo ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza esintu. Inzalelwane yase-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, ikhula kwindawo efudumeleyo, efumileyo, amagqabi ashinyeneyo ezemidlalo kunye nesithsaba esibanzi, kwaye inika iziqhamo ngokwamaqela anolusu olubomvu okanye olutyheli olugqunywe ngeespicules ezithambileyo. Intlama yayo enamanzi, eguquguqukayo ikhumbuza iidiliya kunye nelychees, kunye nokulingana phakathi ubumnandi y acidity nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibentsha kwaye isebenziseke ngeendlela ezininzi ekuphekeni.
Dibana noRambutan
El IRambutan Ngumthi wetropikhi, okhulela eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, okhula kakhulu kwiindawo ezishushu kwaye uvelise isiqhamo esingaqhelekanga segama elifanayo. Iphakathi kwezona ziqhamo zingaqhelekanga kwihlabathi, kwaye iingcali ziyibiza ngokuba 'yi-superfruit' ngenxa ye inzuzo ukuba inika umbulelo kuyo Vitamin C, ifayibha kunye ne-antioxidant compounds.
Incinci, imile okwe-oval, kwaye iswiti kakhulu, kwaye ifana okuthile nepulp yomdiliya. Inencasa entsha, enencindi, kunye neasidi kancinci. Inkangeleko yayo yangaphandle inomaleko obhityileyo ojikeleze intlama, ejikelezwe 'ziintsika' okanye 'iinwele' ezingenabungozi xa ziphathwa. Umbala wayo obomvu ngaphandle, imhlophe ngaphakathi kwaye iqulethe ngaphakathi kwipulp a imbewu ekungamelanga ukuba ityiwe ikrwada.
Isiqhamo salo mthi siveliswa ngamaqela angama-10 ukuya kuma-20. Umthi wawo uhlala uluhlaza, kwaye unokufikelela kubude be-10 ukuya kwi-25 yeemitha. Kukho iintlobo ezi-3 zemithi: leyo ivelisa isiqhamo (imazi), leyo ingavelisi siqhamo (inkunzi), kunye ne-hermaphrodites. Kuba okulungileyo mveliso, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utyale i-hermaphrodite okanye i-grated specimens zeentlobo ezikhethiweyo.
Umthi kufuneka ube kwindawo apho kukho imvula rhoqo y ukufuma okuphezulu okusingqongileyo ukuze kulinywe ngokufanelekileyo.
Indlela yokulondoloza kunye nokutya i-rambutan
Los iirambutans inokuthengwa kulo lonke ixesha lonyaka ngenxa yobonelelo oluvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zetropiki. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulahle abo banayo ngundo okanye ubonise umonakalo obonakalayo kwiqokobhe.
Ukuze ulondolozeke ngokufanelekileyo, gcina iziqhamo ngaphakathi iingxowa zeplastiki ezinemingxuma okanye izikhongozeli ezingenisa umoya, kwigumbi ndimanzi kwaye kubanda. Emva kokuvunwa, uluhlu lusondele 10 ° C kunye nokufuma okuphezulu okuhambelana nokugcina umbala kunye nokuthungwa; ekhaya, idrowa yemifuno yefriji isebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Ukuba zihlala kubushushu begumbi ngaphandle kokupakishwa, ziyakwazi yomisiwe kwaye ziwohloka ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuqola kuyaxatyiswa yi umbala: basuka eluhlaza ukuya obomvu, tyheli okanye orenji ngokuxhomekeke kwicultivar. Ukuze uzitye, yenza i-pearral cut in the peel kwaye uyixobule ngeminwe yakho ukukhulula inyama. imbewu ukusuka ngaphakathi akufuneki ityiwe ikrwada.
Incasa yayo ifana neyomdiliya oxotyiweyo. Imnandi kakhulu emlonyeni, igudileyo kwaye imnandi, ngokuchukumisa okuqabulayo.
Iimpawu zesondlo zeRambutan
| IINKCUKACHA NGESONDLO SE-RAMBUTAN NGE-100 GR. | |
|---|---|
| AMANZI | 82% |
| I-CALORÍAS | Kcal 78 |
| Iiproteni | I-0,9 gr. |
| AMAFUTHA | I-0,2 gr. |
| IIkhabhohayidreyithi | I-16 gr. |
| I-FIBRA | I-2,8 gr. |
| Ibhola ekhatywayo | 22 mg |
| Intsimbi | 0,35 mg |
| IPOTASSIUM | 42 mg |
| IPHOSPHORUS | 9 mg |
| Vitamin B3 | 1,4 mg |
| IVITAMIN C | 4,9 mg |
Uhlalutyo lwereferensi lukwachaza manganese, magnesio y zinc ngamanani amancinci, ukongeza kwiikhompawundi ze-antioxidant ezifana flavonoids y polyphenols. Amaxabiso angohluka ngoko ukuhlakulela, ukuvuthwa y uhlobo lolondolozo.
Izibonelelo zempilo ze-rambutan
- I qulethe antioxidants (kuquka i-vitamin C) enceda ukukhusela iiseli kumonakalo we-oxidative.
- Ungaxhasa i ukusebenza kwezintso kunye ukukhusela umzimba enkosi kwiprofayili yayo ye-micronutrient kunye ne-antioxidant.
- Igalelo ifayibha, ethanda i ukuhamba kwamathumbu kwaye inceda ukuthintela ukuqhina.
- Uyabonelela amandla kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngenxa ye-carbohydrate kunye nomxholo wamanzi, uxabiswa kakhulu ngabantu abasebenzayo.
- Ubhedu kunye nemanganese zithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezinxulumene nokusekwa kwe iiseli zegazi ezibomvu nezimhlophe.
Ekusetyenzisweni kwendabuko, ulusu lwesiqhamo lusetyenziselwe iinjongo zokugaya kwaye imbewu ikhankanywe kumayeza asekuhlaleni; nangona kunjalo, ezi zenzo zifuna isilumkiso kwaye musa ukuthatha indawo yokhathalelo lwempilo lobuchwephesha.
Iintlobo zeRambutan
Iintlobo ezintandathu ezaziwayo nezithengisiweyo zichaziwe: Jonga uMatjan, Seelengkeng y Jonga iKontoukongeza kwi Lebakboolos, Seenjonja y Sectangkooweh. Apha ngezantsi ziimpawu zomdla ekulimeni nasekusetyenzisweni:
- Lebakboolos: indebe ebanzi; iziqhamo ezibomvu ezimnyama ezinemiqolo emhlophe; ipulp iasidi engaphantsi kwaye ingqindilili, isoloko incamathele embewu.
- Seematjan: vula indebe; iziqhamo ezibomvu ezimnyama; iifom zasekuhlaleni ezinokwahluka kobukhulu zikhona. Ingabonisa ukuthambekela kwizinambuzane kwiindawo ezithile.
- Seenjonja: ukukhula okucothayo, isithsaba esithobileyo; phantse iziqhamo ezibomvu zewayini, i-spines encinci; i-pulp eqhotyoshelwe ngokuqinileyo.
- Sectangkooweh: indebe ebanzi; iqokobhe elibhityileyo neliqinileyo; ipulp iswiti mhlophe tyheli, ukwahlukana kunzima.
- Seelengkeng: ukukhula okucothayo kunye nesithsaba esithobileyo; ipulp crunchy, iswiti ephakathi kwaye yahlulwe ngokulula kwimbewu; ikhumbuza i-lychee.
- Seekonto: isithsaba esibanzi nesinamandla; iziqhamo ze-ellipsoidal ezithe tyaba; ipulp opaque, ngombala owomileyo kunye nokwahlula ngokulula.
Izinto ezinomdla kwiRambutan
- Phucula iindidi mhlobiso yegadi kunye nomthunzi wayo ixatyiswe kakhulu.
- KuMbindi Merika yaziwa ngokuba Ihagu yaseTshayina eyanyayo.
- Umthi ovuthiweyo unokuvelisa ukuya kuthi ga 400 kg yeziqhamo kumjikelo wemveliso nganye.
- Ukuthumela ngaphandle kuyafuneka mlingana y umhle Brix ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nobumnandi.
- Iphuma kusapho olunye kunye ne lychee, kungoko igama lesiqhulo 'i-hairy litchi'.
Yintoni i-rambutan?
I-Rambutan sisiqhamo somthi ohlala uluhlaza wentsapho Sapindaceae (I-Nephelium lappaceum). Inokufikelela 10-25 m kumhlaba onzulu, otyebileyo, kwaye ukhetha iindawo ezine iimvula rhoqo y ipesenti ephezulu yokufumaIgama layo, lithatyathwe kwigama lesiMalay elithi 'rambut', libhekiselele kwinkangeleko enoboya yomqolo.
Iimpawu ze-rambutan
Iziqhamo ezincinci, ingqukuva okanye i-oval, 3-6 cm, enencasa iswiti kwaye intsha, ineasidi kancinane. Ixolo li ebomvu okanye etyheli ngeespicules ezithambileyo; ipulp yi ngaphaya, ithenda kwaye inejusi. Embindini kukho a imbewu nzima wedwa.
Imithi ingaba abesilisa, abantu ababhinqileyo o iihermaphroditesEkulimeni, i-hermaphrodite okanye izityalo ezifakelweyo zikhethwa ngenxa yokuthembeka kwazo kwimveliso. Iintyatyambo ezincinci zibekwe ngamaqela iipanicles iitheminali kwaye zithunyelwa ipoleni nge iinyosi, iimbovane y iimpukane.
Isityalo sibonisa ukusebenza ngcono kwi ilanga elipheleleyo ubuncinane iiyure ezi-6–8 zokukhanya okuthe ngqo imihla ngemihla nakwiindawo ezingenazo izikhukula. ukuthena izixhobo ilawula ubude kwaye ivuselele i-lateral branching, iyenze ikhuseleke kwaye ifikeleleke ngakumbi ekuvuneni.
Ukusetyenziswa kokuhombisa kunye nokujonga umhlaba
Ukongeza kwixabiso layo le-gastronomic, i-rambutan yi- umthi wokuhombisa Okubalaseleyo: isithsaba esibanzi, amagqabi abengezelayo kunye nezithungu ezijingayo ezibonelelayo umbala y ukuthungwa egadini. Kwimimandla yetropiki isetyenziselwa ukunika sombra kwizityalo ezifana nekoko kunye nokudala imiqobo ebonakalayo kwiiprojekthi zokulungisa umhlaba.
Ngokuthenwa rhoqo kungagcinwa ngeenxa zonke 4-6 m ezigadini, ukwenza ukuvuna kube lula kwaye nokuphatha kukhuseleke. Ayikunyamezeli kakuhle ukufakelwa iphindwaphindwa, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyimise kwindawo yayo eqinisekileyo ukusuka emncinci.
Izibonelelo kunye neempawu ze-rambutan kwimpilo
Ithathwa njengesiqhamo se umdla wesondlo ngenxa yegalelo layo levithamin C kunye nokulandelela izinto. I ifayibha ixhasa impilo yamathumbu, ngelixa antioxidants Ziyinxalenye yokutya okunceda ukugcina ibhalansi ye-oxidative. Ngenxa yomthamo wabo wamanzi kunye ne-carbohydrate, ziluncedo kwi ukuhlaliswa e amanzi emva kokuzivocavoca.
Ungayitya njani irambutan
Ukusetyenziswa okutsha, susa i iqokobhe ngokusika okungaphezulu kwaye ususe i-pulp. Kuphephe ukuluma okanye ukuginya imbewu ekrwadaI-pulp yayo isebenza njenge Yokutya esempilweni, kwi i saladi ngeziqhamo zasetropiki, ezikhaphayo Iinyama ezimhlophe y ukutya kwaselwandle, nakwi cocktails. Ikwasetyenziswa kwi ijam, ubuqili y Ijeli.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba utya kakhulu i-rambutan?
Sisiqhamo ngokuqinisekileyo isetyenziswe ngokumodareyitha. Ukugqithisa kunokudibanisa iikhalori kwaye, ngenxa yayo ifayibha, kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukutya kubantu ababuthathaka. Gcina ukutya okunokulinganisela kunye okwahlukeneyo.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-rambutan
Ukulinywa kwayo kufuna imozulu yetropiki okanye imihlaba efumileyo yetropiki nzulu, ikhutshiwe kakuhle, isityebi kwi izinto eziphilayo kunye nodongwe-loam texture. I-pH efanelekileyo iphakathi 5,5 kunye ne6,5. Ikhusela imimoya enamandla kunye nokugcwala kwamanzi, kwaye iqinisekisa ukunkcenkceshela. njalo ngaphandle kokugqithisa.
Imozulu kunye nokufuma: amaqondo obushushu ashushu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe 22-30 ° C, kunye nokufuma okuphezulu kwendawo (ejikelezileyo 75-80%). Ayiphumi kwingqele yexesha elide okanye kwimozulu enembalela ende ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela okongeziweyo.
eLuzi: ilanga eligcweleyo, ubuncinane I-6-8 h Ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kwimihla ngemihla. Kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu, umthunzi wemva kwemini okhanyayo ukhusela iintyatyambo.
Unkcenkceshelo: ihlala ihleli kwaye ininzi ngamaxesha embalela, ngaphandle kwezikhukhula. I-mulch yendalo inceda ukulondoloza umswakama kwaye uphucule i ubume bomhlaba.
Izondlo: dibanisa umquba kwaye wenze izichumiso eziqhekezayo ngexesha lokukhula kunye neziqhamo. izinto eziphilayo ngundoqo ekwenzeni ubomi bomhlaba busebenze.
Ukusasaza, ukutyala nokulawula
Usasazeko: nge imbewu (izityalo ezitsha, njengoko ziphulukana nokusebenza ngokukhawuleza) nangeendlela zezityalo ezinje ukusika, ukubeka umoya e Ukumiliselwa. I-Grafts kunye ne-buds ivumela ukuveliswa kwezityalo iyunifomu, de iziqhamo zangaphambili (malunga ne-2-3 iminyaka) kunye nomgangatho owaziwayo. Izityalo zembewu zithatha ixesha elide (iminyaka emi-5-6) kwaye isiqingatha sinokujika sibe yindoda.
Ukutyala: izithuba ze 6-10 m phakathi kwemithi kunye nemiqolo, kuxhomekeke kumandla kunye nolawulo lwe-canopy. Kwimiyezo exutyiweyo, inokutshintsha imithi efileyo ye ukhokho ukulungelelanisa sombra luncedo.
Ukuthena: uqeqesho kwiminyaka yokuqala ukuvula i-canopy kunye nokulawula ukuphakama; ukuthena emva kokuvuna ukuze kungene umoya, ukukhuthaza ukukhanya, kunye nokunciphisa iingozi zempilo.
Izivuno: Umthi omdala olawulwa kakuhle unokuvelisa 100 ukuya kuma-300 kg ngexesha lonyaka, kwaye nkqu ukufikelela 400 kg kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo.
Iintyatyambo, ukudluliselwa kwembewu kunye nokuvuna
Idubula kwiipanicles kunye neentyatyambo ezincinci eziluhlaza. Uvuvuzelo lwenziwa ngu iinyosi kunye nezinye izinambuzane, ngoko ke izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi kokusingqongileyo kubalulekile. Kwiimozulu ezifanelekileyo zinokubonisa enye okanye ezimbini iifestile zokuvuna enyakeni.
Ukuvuna: Ivunwa xa isiqhamo sifika kwi umbala wophawu yokwahluka kwayo. Ayivuthwa emva kokuba isikiwe, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuyivuna xa ikwincopho yayo. Inokunqunyulwa Iibhendi okanye ngabanye, ukugcina i i-pedicle ukuphepha umonakalo kwiqokobhe.
Emva kokukhutshwa kunye nolondolozo
Ukugcina i umbala kunye mgangatho yepulp iyafuneka ukufuma okuphezulu y ubushushu obuphantsi kufutshane ne-10°C. Ekhaya, faka efrijini kwingxowa eneperforated. Kuphephe ukugruzuka kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni; iqokobhe lalo liyaphulukana nokubengezela kwalo ukuba ukufuma kuphantsi.
Ukhuseleko lokutya kunye netyhefu
Iqokobhe kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, i imbewu ekrwada ziqulathe izinto ezinokuba yingozi Inetyhefu. Susa imbewu phambi kokutya i-pulp. Kwezinye izithethe kunjalo ithosi imbewu, kodwa olu qheliselo lufuna ulwazi kwaye alukhuthazwa ukuba lusetyenziswe ekhaya. Ukuba uyathandabuza, sebenzisa kuphela i- umgubo.
Ngaba i-rambutan ingakhuliswa eSpain?
Kwiintlanganiso zobugcisa kwi iziqhamo ezikweleenjiko Ithuba lokwandisa uluhlu lweentlobo kwindawo efudumele kakhulu yaseYurophu ibonakaliswe. ESpain, i-pitahaya, ipapaya, kunye neziqhamo zothando sele zivelisiwe, kodwa i-rambutan ifuna ukufuma okuphezulu y amaqondo obushushu azinzileyo unyaka wonke, iimeko ezenzeka kuphela kwi-microclimates ethile okanye ngaphantsi zokugcina ilawulwa kakuhle. Ngoko ke, ukuphunyezwa kwabo kwezorhwebo isikelwe umda kunye nedatha yokulima inqabile ngaphandle kokuqokelelwa kunye neeprojekthi zovavanyo.
Njengomthi zokuhombisa kunye neziqhamo Kwiigadi ezinemozulu epholileyo-efumileyo, okanye kwiiprojekthi ze-agroecology ezineziseko ezikhuselayo, kunokwenzeka okoko nje iminikelo evela. amanzi, nutrición eziphilayo kunye ukhuseleko ngokuchasene nengqele nomoya.
Ngenxa yenkangeleko yayo engaqhelekanga, iimpawu zesondlo kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka kwigadi yetropikhi, i-rambutan isekwe njengomthi weziqhamo odibanisa. ubuhle, into yokupheka y ixabiso lemveliUkulinywa kwayo kufuna ukufudumala, ukufuma, umhlaba onzulu, nolawulo olululo, kodwa iziphumo zifanelekile: umthunzi oshinyeneyo, iziqhamo ezityabukileyo, kunye nentlaka eswiti, enencindi egqwesileyo kwizitya ezimnandi nezinencasa.