Konke malunga ne-Araucaria columnaris: Iimpawu, imvelaphi kunye nokunyamekela
I-Araucaria columnaris, eyaziwa ngokuba yiCook pine okanye iNew Caledonian pine, luhlobo lomthi we<em>conifer obangela umdla ngenxa yenkangeleko yawo entle, i<em>conical silhouette, kunye neempawu zayo. Iphuma kwintsapho ye-Araucariaceae, iyagqwesa kuzo zombini iisetingi zendalo kunye neegadi kunye neendawo zasedolophini kwindawo epholileyo ukuya kwimozulu efudumeleyo.
Kule nqaku, sihlolisisa inkcazo yebhotani, imvelaphi, indawo yokuhlala yendalo, i-morphology, iinyani zesayensi, ukungafani kweminye imithi ye-araucaria, ukulima, ukusetyenziswa kokuhlobisa, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo i-Araucaria columnaris.
Imvelaphi kunye nokusasazwa
I-Araucaria columnaris ifumaneka kwi-New Caledonia, ichwebakazi elikwitropiki elikumzantsi-ntshona woLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Iintlobo ezizimeleyo zikwanokufumaneka kwi-Isle of Pines, apho ikhula ngamaxesha athile kumhlaba we-calcareous okanye nakwi-coral substrates. Kukho iirekhodi zobukho bayo bendalo ePolynesia, nangona eyona ndawo iphambili yokuziqhelanisa nophuhliso ihlala iNew Caledonia.
Okwangoku, Icolumnar araucaria ilinywa ngokubanzi njengomthi wokuhombisa kwiindawo ezininzi eziselunxwemeni nasezidolophini kwihlabathi jikelele, kuquka neQueensland (eOstreliya), emantla eNew Zealand, emazantsi eCalifornia, eMexico naseHawaii. Udumo lwayo lukhulile ngenxa yenkangeleko entle kunye nokuqhelana nemozulu epholileyo neshushu.
I-Taxonomy kunye ne-etymology
- Ubukumkani: IPlantae
- ICandelo: I-Pinophyta
- Iklasi: Pinopsida
- Myalelo: Iipina
- Usapho: Iqela leAraucariaceae
- Isini: IAraucaria
- Iintlobo: Araucaria columnaris
Igama IAraucaria ibhekisela kummandla we-Arauco eChile, nangona iintlobo ze-columnaris zizalelwa eMzantsi Pacific. I epithet "ikholamaris» lisuka kwisiLatini kwaye lithetha "ikholamu emile", ibhekisa kwisilhouette yayo ethe nkqo kunye ne-symmetrical, ephawulwe ngakumbi kwisampulu yabantu abadala.
Isithethantonye seBhotani
- Araucaria cookie R.Br. Ex Endl.
- IAraucaria iphumelele (IMvana.) R.Br.
- Araucaria intermedia R.Br. ex Vieill.
- Columbia igqwesile (IMvana.) Intlakohlaza.
- Cupressus columnaris G.Forst.
- UDombeya uyagqwesa Inyama yegusha.
- Eutacta cookieii career
- Eutacta excelsa (IMvana.) Ikhonkco
- Eutacta humilis career
- Eutacta encinci career
I-Morphology: Imbonakalo ngokubanzi ye-Araucaria columnaris
El Pheka ipayina Inokufikelela kubude obufikelela kuma-60 eemitha kwindawo yayo yendalo, nangona ekulimeni ayifane ibe ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-35-40. Ebutsheni bayo, ibonisa i-symmetry ephawulwe kakhulu kunye ne-conical shape engqongqo. Njengoko ikhula, iba yicylindrical ngakumbi, kwaye amanye amasebe asezantsi ayawa aze athatyathelw’ indawo ngamafutshane aphuma kumathupha esiqwini.
Ixolo libhityile, lingwevu, lirhabaxa kwaye linentlaka., isasazeke kwimicu ethe tye. Amasebe awo akhula ngokwamanqanaba, ngokuqhelekileyo amane ukuya kwesixhenxe, kwaye anamasetyana amaninzi amade nabhityileyo anokuhlala eluhlaza kangangeminyaka eliqela. La masetyana athwala amagqabi aselula okanye akhulileyo, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokukhula.
- Amagqabi aselula: I-Acicular-lanceolate, i-5 ukuya kwi-12 mm ubude, ibukhali ngokucokisekileyo kwaye igobile, icwangciswe kwi-spiral ecaleni kwamasebe.
- Amagqabi Abadala: Imfutshane kwaye iqinile, phakathi kwe-5-7 mm, ihlelwe ngendlela edibeneyo kakhulu, phantse i-triangular, kunye ne-apex ejikelezayo kwaye igobile ngaphakathi.
Iicones zamadoda Ziyi-conical, i-5 ukuya kwi-10 cm ubude kwaye malunga ne-1,5-2,2 cm ububanzi, yodwa kwaye ibekwe ekupheleni kwamasebe. Iicones zabasetyhini Zi-elliptical, zilinganisa i-10-15 x 7-11 cm, kwaye zinezikali ezinamaphiko ephepha macala omabini embewu. Iicones zifikelela ekuvuthweni, zifumana umbala omnyama oluhlaza kwaye zidla ngokubonakala zininzi.
Ubungakanani, ukukhula kunye nezinto ezinomdla
Into engaqhelekanga ye-Araucaria columnaris ivelele ukuthambekela kwendalo kwesiquUphononongo olwahlukeneyo lwamazwe ngamazwe lubonise ukuba le mithi ithanda ukungqiyama ngakwi-ikhweyitha, nokuba ikweyiphi na i-hemisphere. Olu phawu lwenza ukuba iAraucaria columnaris ibe yodwa phakathi kwemithi yehlabathi.
Kukho uqikelelo lokuba olu tyekelo lunokubangelwa yimiba yemfuza okanye ukuziqhelanisa nendaleko ukuze kusetyenziswe ngcono ukukhanya kwelanga. Okwangoku, luphawu olungenayo inkcazo ecacileyo, nangona lubangele umdla omkhulu phakathi kweebhotani kunye nee-hobbyists.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne IAraucaria heterophylla, i-columnaris ibonakala ngokulula ngokuhlangeneyo, ikholomu, kunye nenkangeleko encinci yeentsiba, kunye namasebe amafutshane asecaleni kunye neempawu ezingachazwanga "imigangatho" okanye i-whorls. Unokufumana kwakhona iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu kwisikhokelo sethu yahlula iAraucaria columnaris kwezinye iintlobo.
Ukukhula kunye nokukhathalela i-Araucaria columnaris
I-columnar araucaria yi kulula ukukhula Ngaphandle, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezipholileyo okanye ezifudumeleyo kunye kufuphi nolwandle, apho ikhula kwiindawo ezifumileyo kunye nomhlaba ococekileyo. Ikhetha umhlaba ophakathi, i-calcareous kunye nelanga eliqaqambileyo okanye elithe ngqo. Inyamezela iqondo elithile letyuwa kwi-substrate, enegalelo kwimpumelelo yayo kwimimandla yonxweme.
Ukhathalelo olusisiseko:
- Ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo ngaphandle kokukhukula i-substrate, ngakumbi kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokutyala.
- Ukuthena okuncinci, kunqunyelwe ukucoca amasebe awomileyo okanye awonakele.
- Ukumelana nengqele epholileyo, kodwa ingonakaliswa yiqabaka eqatha okanye ixesha elide.
- Kucetyiswa ukuba uchume entwasahlobo nasehlobo kunye nezichumisi ezilungeleleneyo ezifanelekileyo kwi-conifers.
Ukusasaza ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngembewu, nangona inokwenziwa kwakhona ngama-apical cuttings. Ukuntshula kwe-epigeal (izithole zivela kunye ne-cotyledons evezwe ngaphezu kwe-substrate).
Usetyenziso kunye nezicelo
La Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwe-Araucaria columnaris kukuhlobisa.Idla ngokufunyanwa iindlela zelinen, izikwere, kunye nezitiya zikawonke-wonke kunye nezabucala ngenxa yenkangeleko yayo enkulu. Iqhelana kakuhle nezitiya ezinkulu apho inokubonisa inkangeleko yayo ngaphandle kwesithintelo. Nangona ingafane isetyenziswe emahlathini okanye kwiindawo ezinkulu, kuqhelekile ukubona imizekelo ekwanti okanye amaqela amancinane kwimimandla engaselunxwemeni lweMeditera, kwiZiqithi zaseCanary nakwezinye iimozulu ezishushu.
Kwindawo yabo yemvelaphi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwamanye amazwe, zabo umthi usetyenziselwa ukuchwela kwaye imelana nokuntywiliselwa emanzini. Oku kuyenza ilungele izicelo ezithile zesakhiwo kunye ne-nautical. Kukho iingxelo zokusetyenziswa kwayo ekwakhiweni kweenqanawa ezincinci kunye nezinto ezivezwe kumswakama.
Izinto ezinomdla kunye neenyaniso ezifanelekileyo zenzululwazi
- Jikeleza ngakwiikhweyithaICook pine kuphela kweentlobo zemithi eyaziwayo ehlala ibonakalisa ukuthambeka kwesiqu kwi-ikhweyitha kuzo zombini ihemispheres, into eyenzekileyo efundwe kwimizekelo engaphezu kwama-250 kumazwekazi awahlukeneyo. Lo mkhwa ubonakala uphawuleka ngakumbi xa ukude kakhulu kwi-ikhweyitha.
- I-symmetry yolutsha kunye nokuzala kwabantu abadala: Nangona iisampulu eziselula zibonisa i-symmetry egqibeleleyo, njengoko zikhula, oku kulahlekile kwaye i-trunk yempawu ethe nkqo kunye ne-inclined ichazwa, kunye namasebe aphezulu amafutshane kunye nesithsaba esicacileyo sekholomu.
- Imixube enokwenzeka: Kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye neegadi ngokuqhelekileyo ukufumana imizekelo eneempawu eziphakathi phakathi Araucaria columnaris y IAraucaria heterophylla, ebonisa ubukho bendalo okanye imixube eyenziwe.
Indlela yokwahlula i-Araucaria columnaris kwezinye iintlobo ze-Araucaria
I-Araucaria genus ibandakanya iintlobo ezininzi, kodwa ezona zilinywayo kwaye zaziwa kakhulu kunye ne-columnaris. IAraucaria heterophylla (Norfolk pine) kunye IAraucaria araucana (pehuén okanye ipayina yaseChile).
- Araucaria columnaris: Imilo yekholomu emxinwa, amasebe asecaleni amafutshane, axinene ngakumbi kwaye achazwe kancinci kwi-silhouette "kwimigangatho", ukuthambekela kwesiqu ukuya kwi-ikhweyitha.
- Araucaria heterophylla: Amasebe amade kwaye avuleke ngakumbi, aphawulwe ngokucwangcisiweyo kakhulu kwimigangatho okanye i-whorls, "iintsiba" ezinkulu kumagqabi, ukukhula okucothayo.
- IAraucaria araucana: Inzalelwane yaseChile naseArgentina, ihlala ixesha elide kakhulu, inamagqabi aqinileyo, anonxantathu, imilo enwebekayo kunye nesiqu esityebileyo.
Ukukhula kunye nokuphila ixesha elide
La I-Araucaria columnaris ibonisa ukukhula okukhawulezayo. Ukuba umthi ukwimeko ezivumayo, unokukhula ube ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-60 ubude kwindawo yawo yendalo kwaye uphile amakhulu eminyaka, ngelixa ekulimeni kunqabile ukuba udlule kwiimitha ezingama-40. Kuthatha amashumi eminyaka ukufikelela kubungakanani bawo obudala, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwabo bafuna umthi omkhulu kwixesha elide.
Iisampulu ezikhethekileyo zinokulinganisa ngaphezulu kwe-2,5 yeemitha kwisangqa kunye ne-1,30 yeemitha ukuphakama, kunye noqikelelo lwe-canopy ukuya kwi-4-5 yeemitha ububanzi. Ubomi obude kunye nokomelela kwabo kwenze ukuba imithi emininzi yecolumnaris araucaria igqalwe njengemithi ephawulekayo kwiigadi zezityalo nezabucala.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuthintela
I-Araucaria columnaris Ayinabungozi ngokukodwa kwizinambuzane okanye izifo, nangona kukulungele ukuphepha ukuchithwa kwamanzi, okunokubangela ukubola kweengcambu. Kucetyiswa ukuba ngamaxesha athile ujonge impilo yamagqabi kunye namasebe, ususe nayiphi na indawo eyomileyo okanye enesifo. Kwimozulu eyomileyo, inokuchatshazelwa ziingolwane okanye i- mealybugs, nangona oku kunqabile ukuba kube yingxaki enkulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nesimboli
Ukongeza kwixabiso layo lokuhlobisa kunye nokusebenza, i-columnar araucaria ibe yinto uphawu lokuchasa kunye nokuphila ixesha elide, exatyiswayo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zasekuhlaleni ngenxa yobungangamsha nokuguquguquka kwayo. Kwiigadi zebhotani, iipaki zembali, kunye neendawo eziselunxwemeni zasezidolophini, luphawu lobuhle kunye ne-exoticism.
I-Araucaria columnaris ingaphezulu komthi wokuhombisa: bubungqina obuphilayo bokukhula kwezityalo kunye nokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezizodwa zemozulu kunye neendawo. Ukuthambeka kwayo okwahlukileyo, inkangeleko yayo ecacileyo, kunye nokomelela kwayo kuyenza ibe nomtsalane kwiingcali zezityalo, kubalimi nakubathandi bemithi emikhulu.
