Indalo izaliswe zizinto ezimangalisayo, kodwa ikwalikhaya lezilwanyana ezibulalayo ezinokubeka ubomi babo esichengeni. Phakathi kwayo yonke imithi, kukho enye efumene iwonga lokuba owona mthi unobungozi emhlabeni kwaye ibhalwe ngolo hlobo kwiGuinness Book of Records edumileyo. Ku malunga umtshini wokufa, uHippomane mancinella, Umthi okhangeleka ungeyongozi oneziqhamo ezihendayo, kodwa ubutyhefu buwenza ube sisisongelo sokwenene ebantwini, kwizilwanyana nakwabo bafuna nje ikhusi phantsi komthunzi wawo.
Yintoni umnqwazi wokufa?
Eyaziwa njenge umthi wokufa, beach manzanillo o chamomile yokufa, i-Hippomane mancinella luhlobo lwentsapho ye-Euphorbiaceae. Igama layo lezenzululwazi lisuka kumagama esiGrike athi “imvubu” (ihashe) nelithi “mane” (impambano), libhekisela kwimpambano ekucingelwa ukuba ibangele amahashe yaye sele inika ingcamango ngengozi yayo. Lo mthi uyinzalelwane kwimimandla yetropiki UMbindi Merika, iCaribbean, iindawo ezisemazantsi e-United States, eMexico, emantla eMzantsi Melika, nakunxweme lwaseMesoamerica.. Idla ngokukhula ngaphakathi isanti zonxweme, kufuphi neelwandle kunye ne-mangroves, apho ifikelela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuya phezulu 15 mitha.
Ukubonakala kwayo okukhohlisayo kubonisa isithsaba esibanzi, isiqu esine-silvery-gray bark, kunye ne-shiny, oval, amaqabunga aluhlaza. Noko ke, eyona nto imangalisayo ngalo mthi ziziqhamo zawo ezincinane, ezingqukuva neziluhlaza. zifana nama-apile. Nangona inomtsalane kunye nevumba elimnandi, Zonke iindawo zemanchineel zinetyhefu kakhulu: iziqhamo, amaxolo, amagqabi kwaye ngakumbi incindi yobisi.
Kutheni ugqalwa njengowona mthi uyingozi ehlabathini?
Ingozi ye-manchineel ibangelwa yindibaniselwano yezinto:
- Zonke iindawo zomthi zinetyhefu enamandla kakhulu. Incindi yayo, enobisi, ityebile kakhulu phorbol, i-organic compound yosapho lwe-diterpene ester, olucaphukisayo kwaye lunyibilika kakhulu emanzini.
- Ukutya iziqhamo zayo kunokubangela iimpawu ezibulalayo.Ukutya iziqhamo zayo kubangela izilonda emlonyeni, ukutshisa, i-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo, iingxaki zokuginya, ukugabha kunye norhudo olubi. nto leyo enokukhokelela ekuphelelweni ngamanzi emzimbeni nasekufeni.
- Qhagamshelana nencindinokuba kuncinci, Inokubangela amadyunguza kunye nokutshisa eluswini, ukudumba kwamehlo kunye nobumfama bexeshana. ukuba ingena emehlweni akho.
- Ubuthi buhlala busebenza nakwiimeko zemvulaAmathontsi atyhutyha amagqabi kunye namasebe anyibilikisa i-phorbol kunye nezinye i-toxins, ezibangela izilonda zesikhumba kwabo bafuna ikhusi phantsi kwe-canopy yayo.
- Umsi obangelwa kukutsha kweenkuni iqulethe iikhompawundi ezinobundlobongela ukuba Zinokubangela ubumfama bokwexeshana kunye neengxaki ezinzulu zokuphefumla..
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uluntu oluninzi Baphawula i-manchineel yokufa kunye namanqaku abonakalayo, njengeminqamlezo ebomvu okanye imisesane epeyintwe esiqwini, ukulumkisa ngengozi nokuthintela ukudibana ngengozi.
Imbali kunye neentsomi: umthi owoyikwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo
Imanchineel ibingumthombo woloyiko nentlonipho kuyo yonke imbali. Iingxelo ezahlukeneyo zembali kunye nobungqina bubhala amava abuhlungu kunye namava abuhlungu. iintsomi ezingqonge lo mthi ubulalayo:
- Abanqobi baseYurophu Babesele benetyhefu ebulalayo ngokutya isiqhamo salo mthi ekufikeni kwiLizwe elitsha.
- KwiCaribbean kunye neenkcubeko zemveli zaseMesoamerican, Incindi yomthi wemanchineel yayisetyenziselwa ukumithisa iintolo kwaye njalo bandise ubungozi bezixhobo zabo.
- Ngokwesithethe, umhloli odumileyo waseSpain UJuan Ponce de León wasweleka ngenxa yenxeba elibangelwe lutolo olutyhefelwe yincindi yalo mthi., ngexesha lokulwa kunxweme lwaseFlorida.
- Ezinye izizwe zazisebenzisa lo mthi njengendlela yokohlwaya, zibophelela amabanjwa esiqwini ukuze onzakale xa kunetha aze amathontsi ahlambe ityhefu emasebeni.
- Iingxelo zabaphangi neengcali zendalo, ezinjengoJohn Esquemeling noMark Catesby, zichaza kwiincwadi zabo indlela ukudibana namasebe ayo okwabangela ngayo amadyungudyungu nobumfama bokwexeshana.
Amabali ayiNyaniso: Ityhefu ngeApile lokufa
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, izazinzulu kunye nabahambi baye babelana ngamabali aneenkcukacha ze-manchineel poisoning. Omnye umzekelo ophawulekayo ngulowo wesazi ngemitha saseBritani uNicola Strickland, owathi, ngoxa wayesekhefini kwiiCaribbean, Wangcamla isiqhamo engayazi ityhefu yasoNgokwengxelo yakhe, emva kokuluma isiqhamo awasifumana incasa eswiti ekuqaleni, elandelwa kukuva ukutshisa okukhulu, ukukrazuka, ubunzima bokuginya kunye nomqala obuhlungu. eyathatha iiyure. Iimpawu zehla kancinane, kodwa ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo zomlomo wesibeleko zaqhubeka. Xa wayebalisa ngamava akhe kubantu basekuhlaleni, wafikelwa luloyiko waza akakholelwa ukuba uye wasinda.
Kuye kwakho amatyala abhaliweyo apho Kwakwanele ukuhlala phantsi komthi ngexesha lemvula ukuphuhlisa amadyunguza kunye nokucaphuka eluswini kunye namehlo ngenxa yokuchithwa kwee-toxins emanzini. Ezi ngxelo ziqinisekisa ubume bomthi obulalayo kunye nenyaniso yesilumkiso sokuba "akufuneki uchukumise ukuba wenzekaliswe."
Iimpawu zeBotanical zomthi wokufa
Ukuqonda ngcono ingozi ye-manchineel, kuyanceda ukwazi ngokweenkcukacha zayo iimpawu zebhotani kunye nendlela yokuyahlula:
- Indawo yokuhlala: Ifumaneka kwiindawo ezitshisayo eziselunxwemeni, ngakumbi kumanxweme anesanti kunye neemangrove.
- Ukuphakama: Inokukhula ifike kwi-15 yeemitha ubude. Inesiqu esithe tye, ixolo elingwevu okanye isilivere, kunye necanopy enamagqabi.
- Iziqhamo: Ifana nenkangeleko kumaapile amancinci, aluhlaza, anevumba elimnandi kwaye amnandi kwincasa, nangona enetyhefu kakhulu.
- AmaSpredishithi: Inkulu, i-oval, imenyezela kwaye iluhlaza nzulu.
- Sap: Ulwelo olubisi oluphuma kuyo nayiphi na into esikiweyo, ukusika, okanye ikhefu, ekhoyo kuso sonke isityalo.
Ngenxa yenkangeleko yayo enomtsalane kunye nendlela iziqhamo zayo eziqheleke ngayo kufutshane nezinye iintlobo ezityiwayo (ezifana nekhokhonathi kunye nemango), umngcipheko wokubhideka uphezulu, eyandisa ingozi yayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili zetyhefu kunye nokulimala
Ukudibana nomnqwazi wokufa kunokubangela iintlobo ngeentlobo zeempawu ezinzima, zombini ngokutya kunye nokunxibelelana kwesikhumba okanye ngeenwebu zemifinya. Phakathi kwe iimpawu eziphambili kunye neziphumo zi:
- Ukungeniswa kwesiqhamo: Ukurhawuzelelwa kakhulu nokutshisa emlonyeni nasemqaleni, ukukrazuka, ukuphefumla nzima nokuginya, ukugabha, urhudo olugqithisileyo, ukopha emathunjini, nokuba sengozini yokufa ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- Ukuqhagamshelana nencindi: Qhagamshelana ne-dermatitis, ububomvu, ukudumba, izilonda, kunye nokutsha kweekhemikhali. Ukuba incindi ingena emehlweni, inokubangela intlungu, ukucaphuka, ukudumba, nobumfama bokwexeshana.
- Ukuba sesichengeni kumathontsi emvula angcolisekileyo: Iityhefu ezinyibilikisiweyo zivelisa izilonda zolusu ezitsha.
- Ukuphefumla umsi: Ubumfama bexeshana, ukudumba kweendlela zomoya kunye nomngcipheko womonakalo wemiphunga.
Ukuchacha kwityhefu, nokuba akubulali, kunokuba buhlungu kakhulu kwaye kuthathe ixesha elide. Unyango lweempawu luyafuneka, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukulaliswa esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.
Bakhuselwe njani abantu?
Kwiindawo apho i-death cap izalwa khona, baye bahlala zenze iindlela zokuthintela iingozi:
- Umthi ukuphawula nge iminqamlezo ebomvu okanye amakhonkco esiqwini okanye iimpawu ezilumkisayo.
- Fundisa uluntu kunye neendwendwe malunga nobungozi bokusondela okanye ukuchukumisa umthi kunye neziqhamo zawo.
- Ukuvalwa kokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungakhethiyo, kuba ukuphatha ngokuthe ngqo iinkuni kunokuba yingozi ukuba akuqhutywa ngokulandela imigaqo engqongqo.
Phezu kwako nje oku, ukutyhefa ngamathub’ athile kusaqhubeka kunikelwa ingxelo, ingakumbi phakathi kwabakhenkethi okanye abantu abangazaziyo iingozi zako.
Uncedo lwendalo kunye nenkcubeko ye-death manchineel
Okumangalisayo kukuba, nangona uyingozi, umthi wokufa Izalisekisa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwi-ikhosistim kunye nenkcubeko yendawo:
- Ukhuseleko lonxweme: Iingcambu zayo kunye namatyholo ziyanceda lungisa isanti kwaye unciphise ukhukuliseko lwamanxweme, ngelixa ukhusela iindawo zokuhlala zeentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana.
- Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana zasendle zasekuhlaleni: Ezinye izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo neentaka zisebenzisa lo mthi njengendawo yokusabela, ekubeni zimbalwa izilwanyana ezifuna ukusondela kuzo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwemveli yomthi wayo: Nangona ityhefu, Amagcisa asekuhlaleni agawula aze omise iinkuni kangangeenyanga ukuze aphelise ityhefu, kamva wayisebenzisa ekwenzeni ifanitshala. Le nkqubo idinga ulwazi oluthile kunye nezilumkiso zokuphepha ukutyhefa ngexesha lokuphatha.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza esintu: Kwezinye iinkcubeko zeCaribbean, izicatshulwa ezomileyo zexolo kunye neziqhamo zisetyenziswe njenge-diuretics okanye kunyango lwezifo ze-venereal, nangona ezi zisebenzisayo zingenalo ukhuseleko okanye inkxaso yesayensi.
Iingcebiso zokuphepha iingozi
Nangona umnqwazi wokufa ubonwa njenge ingozi yokwenene Kwiindawo abahlala kuzo, ukwenzakala kunye nokufa kunokuphetshwa ngokulula ngokulandela iingcebiso ezisisiseko:
- Ungachukumisi, utye okanye usebenzise nayiphi na indawo yomthi., ngakumbi iziqhamo, amagqabi kunye namaxolo.
- Musa ukufuna umthunzi phantsi komthi wemanchineel, ngakumbi ngexesha lemvula, ukuphepha ukudibanisa namaconsi angcolileyo.
- Musa ukutshisa iinkuni okanye amasebe omthi we-manchineel.: Umsi uyacaphukisa kakhulu kwaye uyingozi empilweni.
- Xa uqhagamshelwe ngempazamo: Hlamba loo ndawo ngamanzi amaninzi (ungahlikihli), kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba incindi ingena emehlweni akho, hlambulula ngamanzi kwaye ufune unyango olukhawulezileyo.
- Ukuba ubhaqa imithi ephawulwe nge iminqamlezo ebomvu, imisesane okanye iimpawu, zigcine kude.
Iimfuno ezongezelelweyo malunga nomthi oyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni
- Obunye ubungqina bembali buthetha oko I-chamomile enye inokwanela ukubangela ukufa kwabantu ukuya kuma-20.
- izilwanyana zasemhlabeni neentaka Ngokwethuku bayibona ingozi yomthi yaye abasityi isiqhamo sawo, nangona kukho iindidi ezithile ezinokusebenzisa iinxalenye ezithile ngaphandle kokutyhefwa.
- Okumangalisayo kukuba, uMachineel ungenile ingozi yokuphela kweminye imimandla njengeFlorida, ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yayo yendalo.
I-manchineel yokufa, kunye nayo indibaniselwano eyodwa yobuhle kunye nobungozi, iquka enye yeengozi ezinkulu zezityalo kunye nowona mzekelo ubalaseleyo wendlela indalo enokuba nomtsalane ngayo njengoko ingalindelekanga. Ukuba unethuba lokutyelela imimandla ekweleenjiko, qaphela kwaye uzihlonele izilumkiso zasekuhlaleni; ngaloo ndlela, unokuyonwabela i-biodiversity ngaphandle kweengozi ezingeyomfuneko.
