Umbuzo wokuba mingaphi imithi ekhoyo ehlabathini ubangela umdla kubantu abaninzi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kuye kwasivumela ukuba sifumane iimpendulo ezichanekileyo, nangona zihlala zinemida ethile ngenxa yobukhulu bomsebenzi. Imithi, ngaphezu kokubonelela ngeoksijini kunye nokuba ngumthombo wobomi, ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngezantsi, siza kuphonononga esi sihloko sinomdla ngakumbi ngokusekwe kwizifundo zamva nje kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo kwinani lemithi eMhlabeni.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho imithi emalunga neebhiliyoni ezi-3 kwisijikelezi-langa sethu. Eli nani livela kuphononongo olwenziwa liphephancwadi iNature, elisebenzisa imifanekiso yesathelayithi edityaniswe nedatha yasendle. Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba kukho, ngokomndilili, Imithi engama-400 kumntu ngamnye emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukutshiswa kwamahlathi kunye nokungenelela kwabantu kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu inani lemithi kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ilahlekelwa phantse i-46% yemithi yehlabathi ukususela ekuqaleni kwempucuko yabantu.
Ibalwa njani imithi?
Ukubala imithi asingomsebenzi olula. Ngoku, Izazinzulu zisebenzisa ubugcisa obahlukeneyo obufana nemifanekiso yesathelayithi kunye neemodeli eziphezulu zecomputing. Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje, olufana nolwenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseYale kunye nabanye abaphandi kwihlabathi liphela, ezi datha zadityaniswa noluhlu lwamahlathi asekuhlaleni, apho ukuxinana kwemithi ngehektare nganye kuye kwalinganiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zendalo nezikhuselweyo.
Olu hlobo lophononongo luye lwasivumela ukuba sifumane amanani achanekileyo nangaphezulu, siqikelela ukuba kukho ngaphezu 3 bhiliyoni yemithi kwiplanethi yonke. Nangona kunjalo, inani linokuba phezulu ukuba bekungaqwalaselwa kuphela imozulu nomhlaba kodwa neemeko zasekuhlaleni. Abanye abaphandi bacetyisa ukuba iindawo ezininzi, ezifana nemimandla ebandayo okanye eyomileyo, ayinakuchazwa ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezibi kunye nokungabikho kokufikelela kwiinkcukacha ezithile.
Inqaku elibalulekileyo elithe laphakanyiswa yi inkqubo yokuzicoca, apho imithi ebuthathaka ifa, nto leyo evumela ukuba eyomeleleyo iqhubeke ikhula. Oku kunokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuxinana kwamahlathi, ngakumbi lawo akhuphisana ngemithombo elinganiselweyo efana nokukhanya okanye amanzi.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwemithi kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu
Imithi ibalulekile ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngenxa yokukwazi ukugcina ikhabhoni. Umthi omnye unokufunxa malunga I-12 kg ye-carbon dioxide (CO2) ngonyaka, okwenza kube "iqhawe eliluhlaza" ngokumalunga nokunciphisa ungcoliseko olubangelwa ngabantu. Kwihektare enye yemithi, ukuya kuthi ga Iitoni ezi-6 ze-CO2. Uqikelelo lwangoku lugxininisa imfuneko yokutyala nokulondoloza imithi emininzi ukuba siza kulwa ngempumelelo nengxaki yemozulu.
Noko ke, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuseyingxaki eyothusayo. Ngokumalunga 15 billion imithi, uninzi lwazo olungenakutshintshwa ngokufanelekileyo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kumthi ngamnye olahlekileyo, ubuncinane isixhenxe kufuneka ityalwe ukuze kubuyekezwe ilahleko.
Ukusasazwa kwehlabathi kunye neentlobo zokufumanisa
Imithi ayisasazwanga ngokulinganayo kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ngelixa i amahlathi ashinyeneyo nakweleenjiko zikhaya kwipesenti ephezulu yemithi (malunga ne-43% yetotali yehlabathi), amahlathi e-boreal UMntla Merika, iScandinavia kunye neRussia zinezona mithi zixineneyo ziphezulu kuba zingamahlathi axineneyo, aneeconifers ezibhityileyo.
Kwelinye icala, uphando lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba kusenokubakho malunga 9.000 iintlobo zemithi, uninzi lwayo lufumaneka kwimimandla ekwanti yoMzantsi Merika, njengeeAndes neAmazon. Ezi ndawo zineentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa zikwajongene nemingeni emikhulu ngenxa ye ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nemisebenzi yabantu.
Ezi zinto zintsha zifunyenweyo zibalaselisa ukubaluleka kokuqhubeka nokuphanda nokukhusela indalo yamahlathi. Njengoko siqonda ngcono i-biodiversity kunye nenani leentlobo ezinqabileyo, sinokwenza izigqibo ezingcono malunga nendlela yokugcina iplanethi kunye nokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Zonke ezi datha zigxininisa ukubaluleka kwemithi kwihlabathi lethu. Azibalulekanga nje kuphela kwimpilo yethu, kodwa zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo ye-ikhosistim kunye nokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Nangona inani lemithi emalunga neebhiliyoni ezi-3 lisenokubonakala liphezulu, ukukhawuleza kokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kusikhumbuza ngokungxamiseka kokunyamekela amahlathi nokuhlaziywa ngokuqhubekayo kwamahlathi ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuphila emhlabeni.