lunularia cruciataI-half-moon liverwort, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-half-moon liverwort, yenye yezona ntlobo ze-bryophyte ezinomdla kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zayo ze-morphological, umjikelo wobomi obukhethekileyo, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza ikoloniyali indawo efumileyo kunye netshintshayo emhlabeni jikelele. Kweli nqaku, uya kufumana inkcazo ecacileyo yeempawu zayo, indawo yokuhlala, ukusasazwa, ukuveliswa kwakhona, i-taxonomy, kunye neengcebiso ezibalulekileyo zokulinywa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nolondolozo. Uya kufumanisa iinyani ezinomdla, ukusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka, kunye nokufaneleka kwayo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo.
Inkcazo yeBhotani yeLunularia cruciata
lunularia cruciata Yinto engekho-vascular thallose liverwort yentsapho Lunulariaceae. I-thallus yayo, eyenza umzimba oyintloko wesityalo, i oblong-ovate, luhlaza nzulu ngombala kunye nomphezulu omenyezelayo, kunye nokuthungwa okuthambileyo kwe-reticulated. Inokufikelela kwi-5 cm ubude kunye no-1 cm ububanzi, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo ifumaneka kwiikholoni ezigubungela iindawo ezinkulu.
Amasebe e-thallus dichotomously kwaye isiseko sawo sithande ukubuna, ngelixa isiphelo se-apical singummandla okhulayo. Imida i wavy okanye sinuous, enika isityalo ukubonakala okubonakalayo kunye nokuhombisa.
Kwinxalenye yomqolo yethallus siyabona iintunja zomoya, izinto ezibalulekileyo zokutshintshiselana kwegesi. Ngaphantsi kwe-microscope, i-pore nganye ibonakala yenziwe ngamakhonkco amaninzi eeseli, iququzelela ukungena kwe-carbon dioxide kunye nokuphuma kwe-oksijini, efunekayo kwi-photosynthesis. Kumphezulu we-ventral zi iirhizoids ezimhlophe (ezifana neengcambu kwizityalo eziphezulu) eziqinisa isityalo kwi-substrate, kunye nezikali ze-hyaline ezizinzisa i-rhizoids kunye nokukhusela isakhiwo.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuhanjiswa
Ukusuka IYurophu yaseYurophu kunye nommandla weMediteraI-Lunularia cruciata ngoku i-cosmopolitan ngenxa yokusasazeka kwe-anthropogenic. Ifumaneka kwiindawo zokuhlala ezifumileyo kuwo onke amazwekazi, kubandakanywa uMzantsi Afrika, uMntla Melika, iIndiya, iJapan, iOstreliya, neNew Zealand, ukuba iimeko zokufuma kunye nobushushu zivuma.
Kwi-Peninsula yase-Iberia, isasazwa ngokubanzi, ikhetha iindawo ezifumileyo kwaye iphephe iindawo ezomileyo kakhulu okanye iindawo ezineqabaka. Ininzi kwimimandla efana neGalicia nakwiindawo ezininzi ezifumileyo kumantla epeninsula.
Iindawo zabo zokuhlala ezikhethiweyo zezi Iindonga ezithe nkqo, amatye amanzi, amacaleni eendlela, imida yendlela eyenziwe ngesamente, izithuba phakathi kwamatye, iindonga, amathambeka, imithombo, imilambo nemisinga.Kuqhelekile kwigadi, kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, nakwiipaki zoluntu apho imihlaba ityebile kwizondlo, ngakumbi i-nitrogen compounds, enokuthi ibonise imeko ye-eutrophic ye-substrate.
Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokuphakama lusuka kwinqanaba lolwandle ukuya malunga neemitha ezingama-600. I-Lunularia cruciata igwema iindawo ezihlala zikhukhula kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu apho iqhwa lingonakalisa i-thalli kwaye lithintele ukuzala.
- Isalathisi sezinto eziphilayo: Ubukho bayo bukholisa ukubonisa imihlaba ene-alkaline enenitrogen eninzi.
- Ukuziqhelanisa: Iyakwazi ukuphila kuzo zombini iindawo eziphazamisekileyo zendalo kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezenziweyo, ezithanda ukwanda kwayo njengovulindlela.
Umjikelo wobomi kunye nokuzala
I-Lunularia cruciata ine- umjikelo webhayoloji olawulwa sisigaba segametophytic (i-thallus ibonakala), njengoko luphawu lwezityalo ze-bryophyte. Nangona iyakwazi ukuvelisa ngokwesondo kunye ne-asexually, ukuveliswa kwe-asexual kuxhaphake kakhulu.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona ngokwesini
Ubukho be iiconceptacles ezimile okwengca kumphezulu we-thallus, obonakala kwiliso lenyama. Ezi zakhiwo ziqulathe propagules (i-lenticular multicellular gems) ezithi, xa zikhutshelwe yimpembelelo yamanzi emvula okanye amathontsi, zintshule ngokukhawuleza apho zifakwe khona, nto leyo ekhokelela kwithalli entsha ngokwemfuzo efana nomzali.
Ukuveliswa kwe-Asexual kuphumelela ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezenziweyo, ezifana ne-greenhouses kunye neembiza zezityalo zangaphakathi, apho i-Lunularia ingaba nzima ukuphelisa ukhula ngenxa yokukhululeka kunye nokusabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kwe-propagules yayo.
Ukuzaliswa ngokwesondo
Ukuveliswa kwezesondo kwi-Lunularia cruciata kunqabile kakhulu kwaye kwenzeka ngokukodwa kwindawo yayo yendalo phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo. Luhlobo oluthile eyobe, kunye ne-gametophytes yamadoda (ene-antheridia) kunye ne-gametophytes yabasetyhini (ene-archegonia). I-gametes yamadoda idada ukuya kwi-gametes yabasetyhini ngenxa yobukho befilimu yamanzi, evumela ukuchumisa kunye nokubonakala kwe-diploid sporophyte kwisityalo sowesifazane. I-sporophyte inesiqu, i-seta emfutshane, kunye ne-sporangium, kwaye emva kwe-meiosis, ivelisa i-haploid spores ezivelisa i-gametophytes entsha.
Iimpawu ezihambelanayo zemorphological
- Ukukhula: Apical; i-thallus ikhula ngobude njengoko isiseko esidala sibola.
- Imingxuma yomoya: Zikhona kumphezulu womqolo, ziyimfuneko kwiphotosynthesis.
- Rhizoids: Mhlophe, ngaphandle kwamasebe, anoxanduva lokulungisa kwi-substrate.
- Izikali zeHyaline: Ifumaneka phakathi kwe-rhizoids kwicala le-ventral, iyazinzisa isakhiwo.
- Ukuqhekeka: I-thallus inokophuka ngoomatshini, ivelise amaqhekeza akwazi ukuncothula nokuphuhlisa amakoloni amatsha.
I-taxonomy, isithethantonye kunye nokuhlelwa
I-Lunularia cruciata yintlobo yodwa yolu didi Lunularia, iqukwe kusapho lweLunulariaceae kunye nomyalelo Lunulariales. Ekuqaleni yayiyinxalenye yomyalelo we-Marchantiales, kodwa iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo ze-morphological zithethelela ukudalwa komyalelo wayo.
- Izithethantonye kunye ne-infraspecific taxa:
- Cyathophora cucullata (Nees & Mont.) Kuntze
- I-Dichominum cruciatum (L.) Trevis.
- Dichominum vulgare Trevis.
- Lunularia alpina Nees
- I-Lunularia cruciata subsp. thaxteri (A. Evans & Herzog) RM Schust.
- Marchantia cruciata L.
- Amanye amagama embali kunye neefomu ezifanayo ze-infraspecific...
Le yantlukwano ye-nomenclature ibonisa umdla wenzululwazi ekuhambeni kwexesha kunye nokusabalalisa ngokubanzi kweentlobo.
Ukubaluleka kwendalo kunye nezinto ezinomdla
I-Lunularia cruciata idlala indima efanelekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo njenge iintlobo zoovulindlela kwiindawo ezifumileyo nezitshintshiweyoIkhono layo lokumisa ngokukhawuleza iindawo ezingenanto zivumela ukuzinzisa kwe-substrate kunye nokudalwa kwama-microhabitat ama-invertebrates amancinci kunye nezinye i-microorganisms. Ubukho bayo kwizityalo Ingabonisa umhlaba otyebileyo ngezondlo kunye nokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezithile.
- Kwiigadi kunye neepaki ezinomhlaba otyebileyo wezondlo, ubukho babo bunokubonisa ukuchunyiswa kwenitrogen eninzi.
- Uhlobo luqulathe i-lunularic acid, i-phenolic compound enokuthi ibe nefuthe kwi-physiology yezinye izityalo kunye ne-microorganisms kwindawo.
- Ngenxa yemijikelo yebhayoloji kunye nemorphology ethile, iLunularia cruciata isetyenziswa njenge imodeli yokufunda kuphando lwebhayoloji yendaleko kunye nePhysiology yezityalo.
Inkathalo kunye neengcebiso zokulinywa kwayo
Ukuba unqwenela ukuyigcina okanye ukuyikhulisa iLunularia cruciata kwindawo elawulwayo, efana ne-terrariums okanye iigadi ezifumileyo, kubalulekile ukuphinda iimeko zayo zokukhula kwendalo:
- Ukukhanya: Ikhetha iindawo ezinomthunzi okanye ezikhanyiswe ngokungathanga ngqo. Ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo kungonakalisa isiqu kwaye kukhawulezise ukuchithwa kwayo.
- Ukufuma: Ikhula kakuhle kwiindawo ezifumileyo kodwa azinamanzi ngokusisigxina. Kubalulekile ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ukuphepha ukuntywila i-substrate.
- Isiseko: Ikhula kakuhle kwi-alkaline, kumhlaba ongenamanzi, ngokukhethekileyo ubutyebi bezinto eziphilayo kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kunye nomxholo we-calcareous. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga hlakulela i-abulias ukuncedisana nemekobume efanayo.
- Ubushushu: Inyamezela amaqondo obushushu athambileyo kwaye inqanda iqabaka ephawulweyo, enokuthi yonakalise i-thallus kwaye inciphise ukukhula kokuzala.
- Ukuchumisa: Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi ezityebileyo ze-nitrogen kunokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwayo, kodwa ukuchumisa okugqithisileyo kunokukhokelela ekwandeni okungalawulekiyo kwaye kube yintlobo ephazamisayo kwiindawo ezivaliweyo.
- Ukuthena nokulawula: Kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, kubalulekile ukujonga ukukhula kwazo kwaye ususe ngesandla i-thalli engafunekiyo, njengoko ukusasaza kwabo kwe-asexual kunokusebenza kakhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa, izicelo kunye nezilumkiso
Nangona kunjalo lunularia cruciata Ayinazicelo zemveli ezifanelekileyo kumayeza okanye kwi-gastronomy, kodwa idlala indima ebalulekileyo izifundo zesayensi kwindaleko, iphysiology yezityalo kunye nokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezingqongileyo ezigqithisileyo. Ukongeza, isetyenziswa njenge isalathisi sebhayoloji semihlaba enenitrogen eninzi kwaye ixatyiswe ngobuhle kwi iigadi ze-moss kunye ne-terrariums ngenxa yombala wayo kunye nobume bayo. Isenokudityaniswa kwiiprojekthi ze aquascaping ngobulembu kunye nezityalo zasemanzini.
Kwiindawo ezenziweyo, ngakumbi ii-greenhouses kunye ne-nurseries, inokuthathwa njenge "ukhula" ngenxa yokukwazi ukukhawuleza iimbiza kunye neendawo ezifumileyo, ezithintela ukuphuhliswa kwezinye izityalo.
- Ayiyotyhefu ebantwini okanye kwizilwanyana zasekhaya., kodwa ayinalo ukusetyenziswa kokutya okubhalisiweyo.
- Kwibhubhoratri, ubukho be-phenolic acids ezinokuthintela ukuhluma kwezinye iintlobo ziye zabonwa; oku kwenza kube kujoliso lwezifundo kukhuphiswano lwe-interspecific kunye ne-alelopathy.
Indlela yokuchonga iLunularia cruciata
- Umba jikelele: Iikhaphethi ezixineneyo, eziluhlaza ngokuqaqambileyo, imida enamaza.
- Imingxuma yomoya: Amabala abonakalayo kwi-dorsal surface, ehlelwe kwipatheni edibeneyo.
- Iingqikelelo: I-semicircular cavities kwindawo ye-apical, ukusuka ngaphakathi apho i-propagules ejikelezayo ivela.
- I-ventral rhizoids: Iifilaments ezimhlophe, ezibonakalayo xa uphakamisa i-thallus.
Ezi mpawu, zidityaniswe nokukhetha kwayo indawo efumileyo kunye nomthunzi, zenza kube lula ukufunyanwa kunye nokwahlula kwezinye ii-liverworts okanye ubulembu. Unokwandisa ulwazi lwakho malunga ne ukuhlelwa kwezityalo ukuqonda ngcono indawo yabo kubukumkani bezityalo.
Iimbekiselo zembali kunye nobhalografi ofanelekileyo
- Iirekhodi zembali zibonisa ubukho bayo kwiZiqithi zaseCanary nakweminye imimandla efumileyo kangangeenkulungwane, kwaye ibe ngumxholo wokupapashwa kwenzululwazi kunye nezifundo zezityalo.
- Izifundo zakutsha nje ziyaqhubeka nokwandisa ulwazi lwethu lwefiziyoloji, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokubakho njengeentlobo ze-bioindicator.
Ukulungelelaniswa okumangalisayo kunye nomthamo we-colonizing we-Lunularia cruciata yenza enye yezona zinto zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye ziqapheleka ngokulula kwi-liverworts kwindawo yendalo kunye nakwiimeko ze-anthropogenic. Umjikelo wobomi bayo, ngokuyintloko ukuveliswa kwe-asexual, kunye nokunyamezela ukufuma okwahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zezondlo kwenza olu hlobo lube yinto egqwesileyo yokufunda kunye nokucamngca kwiingcali zezityalo, abalimi, kunye nabathandi bendalo. Ngononophelo olufanelekileyo, ubukho bayo bubonelela ngohlaza kunye ne-microhabitat ekhethekileyo kwiigadi kunye neendawo ezimanzi zendalo.
