Ixesha ivumba Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukubhekisa kwiindidi ezininzi ze Acacia (kunye negenera ehambelana nayo), edume ngeentyatyambo ezinuka kamnandi ezityheli ekuqaleni kwe primaveraZizityalo ezinombulelo kakhulu: zikhula kwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo, ziyaxhathisa imbalela xa sele usekiwe kwaye utsale i abahambisa ipoleni xa bephinda beqalisa umsebenzi wabo ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu. Ngezantsi uya kufumana zabo iimpawu, iintlobo eziphambili kunye nendlela yokukhulisa ngempumelelo.
Iimpawu ze-morphological zevumba
Ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, iintlobo ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba yiaromo yimithi enameva okanye amatyholo anamagqabi Bipinnate okanye, kwezinye iintlobo, nge iiphyllodes (iziqu ezithe tyaba ezisebenza njengamagqabi). Isithsaba siqhelekile ingqukuva, amagqabi ahlala eluhlaza okanye avuthuluke kancinci kwaye iintyatyambo ziyamila iintloko ezincinci izikhonkwane ezingqukuva ezityheli ezishinyeneyo, zinevumba elimnandi.
Kwiintlobo ezifana neVachellia (Acacia) farnesiana, isiqu sifutshane kwaye sibhityile, sinexolo elingwevu langaphandle elidlula ukusuka kumgudi ukuya kuye. iqhekeziwe ngobudala; ngaphakathi tyheli kwaye enemicuIne-stipular spines ethe tye ye-1-2 cm, kunye namasebe igzaggingIintyatyambo zivela kwi-glomeruli kwii-axils, ngokucacileyo enuka kamnandi, kunye neziqhamo imifuno isikhumba, esihlala siqhubeka emthini emva kokuvuthwa.
Iimbotyi zihlala zinezininzi imbewu iqinile, eneqokobhe elingangenekiyo. Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni befuna ukunqanda (ngoomatshini okanye ngamanzi ashushu) ukuphucula ukuntshula. I-ecological adaptation ye-genus ibanzi: kukho iintlobo ezikhulayo emhlabeni saline okanye sodium, imihlaba embi kunye nemozulu efudumeleyo-epholileyo, kunye nokusebenza okungcono kwi ilanga elipheleleyo. Ukuze ufunde ngezinye iintlobo ezifanayo, unokubonisana kwakhona ezona ntlobo zidumileyo ze-acacia.
Iintlobo eziphambili zevumba (Acacia) kunye neempawu zabo
I-Acacia dig (aromo criollo okanye espinillo negro) yinzalelwane yaseChile, eArgentina, eUruguay, eParaguay naseBrazil. Ifikelela kwi-4-5 m ubude, inamagqabi iminyaka engapheliyo kunye nepinnate, neentyatyambo ngaphakathi iipompons ivumba elimnandi. Iphawulwe ngokukhulu kwayo Ukuxhathisa imbalela, ilungele imimandla enemvula encinci. Igqwesileyo kwiheji ezinqabileyo kunye nesityalo sobusi.
iacacia farnesiana (namhlanje yamkelwe njenge Vachellia farnesiana) inobukhulu obuyi-2–6 m kunye nesithsaba esibanzi, ngamanye amaxesha sinobubanzi njengoko ubude. Iintyatyambo zi inuka kakhulu kwaye avele kwiintloko ezityheli; amagqabi bipinnate. Ingabonisa i-longitudinal spines ebonakalayo emazantsi amagqabi, eluncedo ekwenzeni iindonga ezingangenekiyo. Ikhetha ilanga elipheleleyo, imozulu efudumeleyo kunye nomhlaba omhle ikhutshiwe, nkqu calcareous; iphindaphindwe nge imbewuKwimimandla ethile ibonakala kwi Ikhathalogu yeentlobo zezityalo zamanye amazwe, okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwangaphandle, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlolisise imimiselo yendawo. Inamagama amaninzi aqhelekileyo (aromo, espinillo, acacia de las Indias, huisache, phakathi kwabanye), ebonisa ububanzi bayo. sasazwa ukusuka kwiindawo ezishushu ezishushu zaseMelika ukuya kwindalo yayo kweminye imimandla.
Acacia ukujongana (iAustralian mimosa okanye mimosa) ngumthi onamagqabi ezingapheliyo enokufikelela kwi-12–20 m, enesiqu esibhityileyo. Ivela eOstreliya naseTasmania, kunjalo ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye inyamezela ukuhla kobushushu obuphakathi (malunga ne -7 ºC, USDA zone 9). Ikhetha imihlaba i-acidic kancinci kunye nomhlaba okhutshelwe kakuhle, ukuphepha i-limestone. Iintyatyambo, ngokwamaqela esiphelo, ziwugubungela umthi ekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Inokubandezeleka cottony mealybug kunye nokusingqongileyo okufudumeleyo kunye chlorosis kwimihlaba ye-calcareous (elungiswe nge-iron chelates). ukuthena emva kokutyatyamba. Ubude bokuphila kwabo bungcono mfutshane xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo.
I-Acacia longifolia Ivela kumzantsi-mpuma we-Australia kwaye ifikelela kwi-10-11 m. Ngokungafaniyo nangaphambili, iphuhlisa i-lanceolate phyllodes luhlaza obumnyama endaweni yamagqabi e-bipinnate. Iintyatyambo zayo zilungelelaniswe Iibhendi icylindrical emide, kwaye lukhetho lokukhula khawuleza kwaye ayiqhelekanga kwiigadi eziselunxwemeni nezipholileyo.
I-Acacia decurrens Inokuvela njengomthi okanye enkulu ityholo, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi ulungelelwaniso lwedolophu ngenxa yeentyatyambo zayo eziqaqambileyo ezityheli. Ikhula phantse ukuya kutsho kwi-10 m ubude, inamagqabi ahlala eluhlaza pinnate, kwaye inyamezela imozulu epholileyo ukuya kubushushu, imihlaba eyahluka-hlukeneyo, kunye nemo engqongileyo yasezidolophini kakuhle.
IAcacia melanoxylon, Kwakhona Australian, mde (inokufikelela kwi 45 m) kwaye kakhulu ngamandla. Inamagqabi aluhlaza aluhlaza kwaye ikhula ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe luncedo ekufumaneni sombra kwangoko. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulawule i Ukusasazeka ukususa imidumba ewileyo ukuphepha ukutyalwa okungafunwayo kunye nokuhlonipha iintyatyambo zendawo.
Iipropati zemveli kunye nokusetyenziswa
Iintlobo ezininzi zevumba ziyaxatyiswa ngenxa yazo Sebenzisa zokuhombisa nasemaphandleni. Zityalwe njenge uthango ukuzikhusela, ngenxa yameva abo, kwaye umthi wabo oqinileyo usetyenziswa kuyo zokwakha izindlu zasemaphandleni, i-parquet, iingcingo, kunye nezibambo zezixhobo. Iintyatyambo zabo ezininzi zibenza babe zizityalo melliferous, ezixabisekileyo ekufuyweni iinyosi. Iipods kunye namaxolo akhutshwa iitannins kunye neentsini; iziqhamo zezinye iintlobo ziye zasetyenziselwa ukwenza iiinki mnyama.
- Iimpawu zonyango ezidumileyo: i-astringent kunye ne-antispasmodic; zibalelwa kwisiphumo sokugaya (isiqabu kwiintlungu zesisu, urhudo, igesi kunye nesitshisa), isiqabu intloko ebuhlungu, uncedo ngokuchasene kwiiyo, ukurhawuzelela, i-catarrh, i-aphonia, ukucaphuka komqala kunye ne-asthma; ukusetyenziswa ngokwezihloko for ukulimala isikhumba, ukutshisa kunye nokuvuvukala; isiqabu se isifo samathambo kunye nexhala. Iioli eziyimfuneko zisetyenziswa kwi aromatherapy kunye ne-topical decongestant.
- Ifula kwiinkqubo ezibanzi: amagqabi kunye neepods ezinemixholo iprotheni uxabiso. Kwizinto ezetyisayo, ukusetyenziswa kunokuba luncedo xa kulawulwa ngendlela elungeleleneyo.
- Isilumkiso: Iintlobo zohlobo lweAcacia zinokuqulatha izinto eziphuma kuyo idimethyltryptamine kunye ne-cyanogenic glycosides kumagqabi, imbewu kunye namagxolo; ukungeniswa kwabo okungalawulwayo a umngcipheko empilweni.
Ukhathalelo olusisiseko kunye nokulima
Beka ivumba ilanga elipheleleyo nakwimihlaba etyebileyo ngokulungileyo inkqubo yogutyulo. Nangona inyamezela umhlaba ompofu kunye nokuba saline, amanzi agqithisileyo lutshaba lwayo oluphambili. Kwizikhongozeli okanye kwindawo entsha yokutyala, nkcenkceshela rhoqo. njalo kunyaka wokuqala; emva koko, nciphisa ukuphindaphinda kwaye ubeke phambili ukunkcenkceshela okunzulu, okuhlukanisiweyo.
Yiphephe imigangatho ilitye lekalika kunye neentlobo ezinovakalelo ezifana ne-A. dealbata (inokubonisa i-chlorosis), okanye ilungise nge iitshelates Intsimbi. Kwiindawo ezibandayo, ikhusela izityalo ezincinci kwiqabaka enzima; iintlobo ezininzi ziyakwazi ukumelana neqabaka epholileyo, yexesha elifutshane.
Yenza i ukuthena Emva kweentyatyambo, ukugcina imilo kunye namandla; Umnga usabela kakuhle xa uthenwa, nkqu nokuthenwa ngokungqongqo xa kuyimfuneko. Ukubeka iliso Indlu yomthi i-cottony kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo kunye nokuphatha ngexesha kunye nezisombululo ezifanelekileyo.
Ukuphindaphinda nge imbewu: Ngenxa yokunganyanzeki kwe-testa, ukukrazula (isanti elula okanye ukucwina emanzini afudumeleyo) kuyacetyiswa. Ukuhlwayela kwi-substrate ukukhupha, ezinobushushu obupholileyo nokukhanya okuninzi, ziyakuthanda ukuntshula okufanayo.
Ezinye iingingqi ziyafowuna ivumba elimhlophe a Leucaena leucocephalaNgumthi omncinci oziimitha ezi-5-8, kunye nesithsaba esingathandekiyo kunye nesiqu esimhlophe-mdaka. Inamagqabi Bipinnate enamaphecana alandelelanayo amaninzi, kunye neglobhosi, iintyatyambo ezikhrimu okanye ezimhlophe zeentyatyambo ezinestamens ezibalaseleyo. imifuno Zikhula zibe yi-20 cm kwaye ziqulethe i-15-30 imbewu. Zisasaza ngembewu kwaye zinokuphinda zikhule ngokuntshula emva kokuphazamiseka okunje umlilo. Ikhetha imihlaba ene calcareous, nangona iyawunyamezela umhlaba intaba-mlilo. Isetyenziswa njenge ifula (ngokumodareyitha ngenxa yesiqulatho sayo se-mimosine), ukuhlaziywa kwamahlathi kunye ne-pulpwood kunye iinkuni zokubasa.
Umthombo: jardineriaon.com
Iinkcukacha zeentyatyambo zeFrench elivumba limnandi (Acacia dealbata)
IAcacia dealbata okanye ivumba lesiFrentshi
IAcacia melanoxylon
IAcacia longifolia ikhula ngokuzenzekelayo ecaleni kwendlela eUruguay
Bona: Vachellia. Kwaziwa ngeSpanish njenge: Indian acacia, ivumba, ivumba eliqhelekileyo, carambuco, mimosa, kunye namanye amagama asekuhlaleni.
Chonga izityalo ngoko nangoko ngefoto. Thatha ifoto ukuchonga isityalo ngoko nangoko, ufumane ulwazi olukhawulezileyo malunga nalo. Uthintelo lwezifo, unyango, Ityhefu, inkathalo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nesimboli. Ukuba ufuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze iintlobo zeemephu zaseJapanUnokuba nomdla wokufunda malunga neentlobo kunye nenkathalo yazo ethile.
IAcacias iyabonelela umbala, ivumba kunye impilo egadini. Ukukhetha iintlobo ezifanelekileyo zemozulu yakho, ukuyibeka elangeni elipheleleyo, ukulawula ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokuthena emva kweentyantyambo zizigqibo ezilula ezenza umehluko kwaye zikuvumela ukuba ujabulele igadi yakho iminyaka. iintyatyambo kunye nexabiso layo mhlobiso kunye nendalo.
