Unakekele a I-aprikothi Kwaye ukufumanisa ukuba iyoma yimeko ekhathazayo kuye nawuphi na umntu othanda ukulima okanye ukukhulisa iziqhamo. Usukelo kukusoloko kunandipha imithi esempilweni, eyomeleleyo ekwaziyo ukuvelisa iziqhamo ezimnandi nezinencindi. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kuhlala kusenzeka ukubuyisela umva umonakalo ukuba izizathu zichongiwe kwaye inyathelo lithathwa ngokukhawuleza nangolwazi.
Izinto ezichaza ukuba kutheni i-apricot yomile
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo ezinokwenza a umthi weapilkosi bonisa iimpawu zokoma okanye ubuthathaka. Ngezantsi zizinto eziphambili ezinokuchaphazela kakubi impilo yakho, kwaye kubalulekile ukuzichonga ngokuchanekileyo ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa isisombululo esisebenzayo.
1. Imbalela: ukunqongophala kwamanzi ixesha elide
Enye yezinto eziphambili ezibangela ukuba ukunqongophala kokunkcenkceshela, ngakumbi ngamaxesha ashushu. Uxinzelelo lwamanzi luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukufunxa izondlo, inkqubo ye-photosynthesis, kunye namandla onke esityalo. Iimpawu ezicacileyo zibandakanya Amagqabi abunileyo okanye ajingayo, amasebe omileyo kunye neziqhamo ezigogekileyo okanye ezingaphuhliswanga kakuhleImbalela ixesha elide inokukhokelela ekufeni komthi.
2. Ukunkcenkceshela okugqithisileyo okanye imihlaba enamanzi
El Ukunkcenkceshela kakhulu Kwakhona kuyingozi: iingcambu zidinga i-oxygen kwaye, ukuba amanzi ayancipha, angabola ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-aeration. Kule meko, kuqhelekile ukubona amagqabi atyheli awe phambi kwexesha kwaye kaninzi kukho okuqondwayo ivumba lokubola kwindawo yeengcambu okanye kwisiseko sesiqu.
3. Amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo: amaza obushushu okanye iqabaka kade
Umthi weapilkosi unomdla kakhulu kuzo zombini iincopho zobushushu obukhulu njenge iiqabaka zasentwasahloboAmaqondo obushushu aphezulu omisa amagqabi kwaye atshise iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo, ngelixa iqabaka inokutshabalalisa izicubu ezincinci. Kananjalo banako iintanda zivela kwixolo kunye nokwanda kwamasebe omileyo.
4. Umoya ozingisayo
La ukuba sesichengeni somoya onamandla kwandisa ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kuthintela ukufunyaniswa kwezondlo, kwaye kunokubangela iziqhamo eziphambi kwexesha kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi. Ukongezelela, amanxeba amancinci kwi-bark aya kuba yindawo yokungena izifo okanye izinambuzane.
5. Umhlaba ongafanelekanga
Umthi weapilkosi ufuna a umhlaba ochetywe kakuhle, ochumileyo onepH efanelekileyo (i-alkaline kancinane ukuya kokungathathi hlangothi). Ukuba umhlaba uxinene kakhulu okanye awunazo izondlo, oko kuchaphazela kakubi uphuhliso:
- Ukukhula okucothayo kunye namahlamvu amancinci
- I-Chlorosis (amagqabi atyheli okanye aluhlaza aluhlaza)
- Iziqhamo ezincinci okanye eziphantsi
6. Izinambuzane ezikhethekileyo kunye nezifo kwimithi ye-apricot
Phakathi izitshabalalisi Ezona zixhaphakileyo ezingomisa umthi zezi: Isigcawu esibomvu, i ihluma lesilwanyana ngakumbi i impethu enkulu (Capnodis tenebrionis). Le yokugqibela, kwisigaba sayo sombungu, igrumba iigalari phantsi kwexolo, iingcambu ezonakalisayo kunye nesiqu, nto leyo inokukhokelela ekomisweni okungenakulungiseka komthi ukuba awubonwanga ngexesha.
Ngokubhekisele izifo, ume phandle:
- Moniliosis: Umngundo (UMonilia laxa) okubangela ukubuna kweentyatyambo kunye namathupha, kunye nokubola kweziqhamo. Ithandwa kukufuma okuphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu athambileyo, inokubangela i-necrosis yesebe kunye nokulahlekelwa ngamandla.
- Intsholongwane kaShaka (intsholongwane ye-plum pox, i-PPV): Ibangela amakhonkco e-chlorotic emagqabini, amabala aluhlaza, kunye nomonakalo kwi-pulp kunye nembewu, ukunikezela isiqhamo singasebenzi. Isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ichaphazela kakhulu imithi yeziqhamo yamatye.
- Intamo yesibindi: Amathumba emazantsi esiqu athintela ukuhamba kwencindi.
Ukongeza, i Intwala kunye neebhaktheriya ezithile zinokuchaphazela amandla omthi kwaye ziphucule inkangeleko yawo eyomileyo, ngakumbi kumanqanaba okuqala okukhula okanye ukuba usulelo alulawulwa.
7. Ukuguga ngokwendalo
Inkangeleko eyomileyo ingaba ngenxa inkqubo yokuguga yendaloImithi emidala kakhulu ilahlekelwa ngamandla kwaye ivelise iziqhamo ezincinci. Ebudeni bezi zigaba, amaxolo aqhekeka, amasebe amancinci anqongophele, kwaye iindawo zoma ngakumbi.
Ukuxilongwa okubonakalayo kunye nezikhokelo zokuchonga ingxaki
Ukugqiba ngokuchanekileyo isizathu sokoma kwe-apricot, kuya kunceda ukujonga:
- Ubukho be amagqabi omileyo anamathele kumasebe: Ibonisa ukoma okunzima kunye nokulahlekelwa ngamandla.
- Umbala weLeafUmthubi ucebisa amanzi angaphezulu; ibala, ukunqongophala kwezondlo.
- Ivumba le ukubola kwisiseko: Ibonisa ukugcwala kwamanzi kunye nokubola kweengcambu.
- Amanxeba, iigalari okanye amathumba Kwisiqu kunye neengcambu: Iimpawu ezicacileyo zokuhlaselwa yigrub worm okanye ezinye izinambuzane.
- Iintyatyambo ezibunayo/iintyatyambo: Ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa ye-moniliosis okanye ezinye izifo zefungal.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinto ezikhethekileyo zokulima i-apricot
Umthi weapilkosi, njengeminye imithi yeziqhamo zamatye, unayo iingxaki ezithileUbunzima obuqhelekileyo bubandakanya:
- Kuphawulwe ukutenxa kwimveliso: Ukuphenjelelwa yimeko yendalo kunye neyomzimba.
- Ubungakanani besiqhamo esibi ukuba asicuthwanga kakuhle.
- Iiqabaka zasentwasahlobo, ngakumbi kwiintlobo zeentyatyambo zokuqala.
- Ukungafixiya kweengcambu okanye ukubola kweengcambu ngenxa yolawulo olulambathayo lwamanzi.
- Umonakalo omkhulu ngenxa impethu enkulu kwizityalo zomhlaba owomileyo.
- Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-Sharka kunye ne-erratic setting ichaphazela isivuno.
Kubalulekile ukuthwala a ulawulo olubonakalayo kunye nokuthintela kuzo zonke izigaba zophuhliso, ekubeni ubuntununtunu kwizinambuzane kunye nezifo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisigaba se-phenological somthi.
Indlela yokwenza xa umthi we-apricot womile
Unyango lwe-apricot eyomileyo luxhomekeke kwi-a ukuchongwa kakuhle kwemvelaphi yengxakiUkujongana nonobangela ngamnye ngokukodwa ngundoqo ekubuyiseleni amandla omthi.
Isisombululo kwiingxaki zokunkcenkceshela
Uqinisekisa a unikezelo lwamanzi olwaneleyo, ngakumbi kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukufakela iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ngamathontsi ukugcina ukufuma ngaphandle kokukhukula emhlabeni.
Ukuba kukho ukugqithisa kwamanziYeka ukunkcenkceshela kwaye uphucule amanzi. Ukuba umonakalo weengcambu unzima, unokucinga ngokufakela indawo efanelekileyo.
Indlela yokukhusela ama-apricots kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu kunye nomoya
Ngexesha lasebusika, indawo umaleko we-mulch (i-mulch) ukukhusela iingcambu kwiqabaka. Kwimozulu efudumeleyo, beka umthi apho uya kufumana khona umthunzi othile ngexesha leeyure ezisembindini kwaye ikhusela emoyeni ngokusebenzisa imiqobo yendalo okanye eyenziweyo.
Ukuphuculwa kwimihlaba engafanelekanga
Ukuba i-substrate ihluphekile, idibene okanye igcina amanzi amaninzi, yilungise kunye nayo izinto eziphilayo okanye umgquba, kwaye wongeze i-perlite okanye isanti ukuphucula amanzi kunye ne-aeration. Lawula i-pH kwaye unike izichumisi ezilungeleleneyo ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lomhlaba.
Ulawulo nothintelo lwezitshabalalisi nezifo
La ukuhlolwa kwemithi rhoqo Kubalulekile ukuvavanya amagqabi, amasebe kunye nesiqu ngeempawu. Ukuba ubhaqa naziphi na iipathogens okanye izinambuzane:
- Yenza ifayile ye- ukuthena ngococeko ukususa iindawo ezichaphazelekayo.
- Faka isicelo amayeza athile okubulala umngundo okanye amayeza okubulala izinambuzane kuxhomekeke kwi-arhente ye-causative.
- Kuphephe ukushiya iziqhamo ezomisiweyo okanye amasebe anezifo emthini, njengoko ezi ziyimithombo ye-inoculum.
- ukuba impethu enkulu, isebenzisa imigibe kunye nonyango lokuthintela entwasahlobo-ehlobo.
Recuerda que ukhuselo lolona khuselo lungcono: Khetha iintlobo ezixhathisayo, gcina umoya omhle kwaye ucoce indawo ejikeleze umthi.
Ukubuyisela iapilkosi endala
Xa umthi ubonisa iimpawu zokuguga, unokwenza a ukuthenwa okugqithisileyo okanye ukuvuselelaOku kufuneka kwenziwe ebusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kwaye kubandakanya ukususa amasebe amadala, ukugcina amancinci kwaye anamandla kakhulu ukukhuthaza ukuhluma. Ungalibali ukubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zakho zokusika kwaye uqalise ukuthena xa umngcipheko weqabaka eqatha udlulile.
Izinto ezikhethekileyo emva kokuvunwa kweziqhamo zeapricot
Emva kokulawula ukugcina nokuvuselela umthi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i Iapilkothi ichukumiseke kakhulu kumaqhuma kunye nemikrwelo. la Ukuvuna kwenziwa xa isiqhamo siqinile kwaye iqala ukutshintsha umbala. Ukugcina, ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokugcina buphakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-10 ° C kunye nokufuma okuphezulu okuhambelanayo (90-95%). I-ethylene ikhawuleza ukuvuthwa kwaye inokukhuthaza ukukhula kwefungal, ngoko ke umoya ofanelekileyo kunye nokulawula ukufuma ngexesha lokugcinwa kubalulekile.
Iiapilkosi, njengeminye imithi yeziqhamo zamatye, zifuna ulawulo olubanzi oluqwalasela imozulu, umhlaba, kunye nokhuseleko lwezityalo. Ukuba ubona iimpawu zembalela, ungenelelo lwangethuba kwaye olufanelekileyo lunokwenza umahluko phakathi kokulahlekelwa ngumthi okanye ukonwabela amaxesha amaninzi onyaka.
