Izizathu zokuba kutheni umthi wakho ungatshintshi umbala ekwindla
Ukufika kwekwindla kuguqula i-landscape kunye nemithunzi ebomvu, etyheli, kunye nemdaka. Nangona kunjalo, ayiyiyo yonke imithi ebonisa lo mboniso wechromatic. Ezinye iintlobo zigcina umbala wazo okanye zide zilibazise le nkqubo.Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni umthi ungatshintshi umbala kubandakanya ukuqonda intsebenziswano phakathi kwebhayoloji, imozulu, kunye nezinto zokusingqongileyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni kumagqabi ngexesha lokutshintsha kombala?
Njengoko kufika ukwindla, ukuhla kweeyure zasemini kunye nokwehla kwamaqondo obushushu bonisa imithi elungiselela ubusika. Amagqabi, anoxanduva lwephotosynthesis, aqulethe ii-pigments ezifana chlorophyll (luhlaza), carotenoids (yellow-orenji) kunye i-anthocyanins (obomvu-violet).
Ngexesha lentwasahlobo nehlobo, i iklorofili yongamele ngenxa yephotosynthesis esebenzayo, efihla ezinye ii-pigments. Ngokukhanya okuncinci kunye nobushushu, imveliso ye-chlorophyll iyancipha kunye nokunciphisa, ukushiya i-carotenoids kunye ne-anthocyanins ebonakalayo.
Imithi evuthulukayo iphuhlisa le nkqubo ukuya kutsho kwinqanaba elicacileyo. Imithi ye-evergreen, kwelinye icala, ineendlela zokukhusela ngenxa ye-resin kunye nokulungelelanisa kwisakhiwo samagqabi, esivumela ukuba gcina umbala oluhlaza unyaka wonke.
Izinto eziguqula umbala wokutshintsha kwemithi
- Iintlobo zemithi: Ayiyiyo yonke imithi etshintsha umbala. I-evergreens (efana ne-bay kunye ne-pine) igcina amagqabi awo aluhlaza ngenxa ye-waxy coating kunye nezinto ezifana ne-antifreeze.
- Iimeko zemozulu: Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kunye neentsuku ezinelanga zithanda imibala eqaqambileyo. Kwelinye icala, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu okanye ikwindla efudumeleyo ulibazisa okanye uthambise utshintsho lombala.
- Ukufuma: Ukwindla okomileyo kukholisa ukukhawulezisa ukuwa kwamagqabi ngombala omncinci, ngelixa ukufuma okuphezulu kunye nemvula zikhokelela kuluhlu olucacileyo lwemibala.
- Amanzi okanye uxinzelelo lwempilo: Izifo, izinambuzane, okanye ukungabikho kwamanzi kunokubangela ukuba umthi ungatshintshi umbala ngokulinganayo.
- Indawo kunye nokuvezwa: Imithi ekwindawo enomthunzi okanye ekhuselwe ngumoya ikholisa ukuba nombala ongancumisiyo okanye ozingisayo.
Ukutshintsha kombala kulibazisekile ngenxa yemozulu
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando oluninzi kunye noqwalaselo luye lwafumanisa ukuba izinga lokutshintsha kombala kumagqabi litshintshiwe. I ukwanda okuqhubelekayo kwamaqondo obushushu ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu kubangela ukuba imithi emininzi igcine amagqabi ayo eluhlaza ixesha elide. Le nto, eyaziwa ngokuba "ukulibaziseka kwephenological," kuthetha ukuba amagqabi Zivela ngaphambili kwaye zijike zibe tyheli kamva.
Olu tshintsho lwepateni luchaphazela umjikelo wobomi besityalo kunye nokuthathwa kwekhabhoni, njengoko imithi ikhula ngefotosynthesize ixesha elide, kodwa ikwasebenzisa amanzi amaninzi, nto leyo enokuba ngumngeni kwiimeko zembalela.
I-chemistry emva kokutshintsha kombala kumagqabi
Utshintsho lwechromatic ikakhulu ngenxa ye ukuthotywa kweklorofiliNjengoko ukwindla kusondela:
- Ukuncipha kokukhanya kunciphisa imveliso yeklorofili.
- I-Carotenoids (ephuzi, i-orenji) ihlala ibonakala unyaka wonke, kodwa zibonakala ngakumbi xa i-chlorophyll inyamalala.
- I-Anthocyanins (ibomvu, i-violets) iveliswa ngokuphendula iswekile evalelwe egqabi emva kokuvalwa kwemithambo yayo..
Ukuqina kwale palette kuxhomekeke ekudityanisweni kokukhanya kwelanga, ukufuma, ubushushu kunye nofuzo. Iintsuku ezinelanga ezibandayo (kodwa zingakhenkcezi) ubusuku buvelisa imibala ebukhali ngakumbi. kuba zandisa umxholo weswekile egqabini kwaye zikhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-anthocyanins.
Inkqubo yokuwa kwamagqabi
Ayingawo onke amagqabi awela ngokulinganayo okanye ngaxeshanye. Ukwahlukaniswa kwenzeka njengomlinganiselo wokuzikhuselaUkubunjwa kwe-abscission layer kwisiseko segqabi ngalinye kwenza kube lula ukuba bahlukane ngaphandle kokulimaza umthi, ukunqumla ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye nezondlo kumagqabi ukuze kugcinwe amandla ebusika.
Le nkqubo ikwanceda kunqande umonakalo ovela emoyeni nakwingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo, kwaye ithintela ukugcwala komkhenkce kumagqabi anokophula amasebe. Ukongeza, amagqabi awileyo asebenza njenge isichumiso sendalo xa ubola, uphucula ubume bomhlaba kwaye ube negalelo kwisondlo somthi kwixesha lonyaka elilandelayo.
Indima yemithi ehlala iluhlaza
Imithi ehlala iluhlaza, ngokungafaniyo nemithi evuthulukayo, Azilahleki onke amagqabi azo ebusikaAmagqabi ayo ane a isakhiwo esomeleleyo kwaye zigqunywe nge-waxy okanye izinto ezinentlaka, ezithintela ukulahleka kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhusele i-chlorophyll kwiimeko ezimandundu, ezivumela ukuba zikwazi ukwenza iphotosynthesize iinyanga ezininzi kwaye gcina umbala.
Nangona le mithi ikwathatha indawo yamagqabi awo, ikwenza oko ngokuthe ngcembe, ithintela impembelelo ebonwayo yokutshintsha kombala nokuwa okukhulu kwamagqabi okuphawula ezinye iindidi.
Iinzuzo kunye nemisebenzi ye-ikholoji yokuwa kwamagqabi
- Amagqabi aphantsi ondla izilwanyana, esebenza njengendawo yokusabela yezinambuzane, iintshulube nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezibalulekileyo.
- Basebenza njenge-insulator ukukhusela izityalo kunye nomhlaba kumaqondo aphantsi kunye nokufuma okugqithisileyo.
- Zithintela ukhukuliseko kunye nokubonakala kokhula, ukuphucula ubume bomhlaba kunye nokuchuma.
- Zibonelela ngokuzonwabisa kunye nexabiso lembonakalo ngexesha lokuhamba ekwindla kwaye ingasetyenziswa kwiigadi kunye nezityalo njenge-mulch yendalo.
Ukubeka iliso kwinguqu yombala emithini
Isenzeko sokutshintsha kombala singundoqo ekuqwalaseleni i i-phenology yezityaloInzululwazi kunye neenkqubo zenzululwazi zabemi ziqokelela idatha malunga nokuba nini kwaye njani imithi itshintsha umbala ukuze uqonde ngcono ifuthe lemozulu kumjikelo wabo wobomi.
Kwezinye iindawo zisetyenziswa imifanekiso yesathelayithi kunye nokuqwalaselwa komntu ukuhlalutya olu tshintsho. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezi projekthi kunegalelo ekuqinisekiseni nasekusulungekiseni imo yezulu kunye neemodeli zokuqikelelwa kwendalo.
