Yintoni i-Lithops okanye amatye aphilayo?
IiLithops, aziwa ngokuba "ngamatye aphilayo," zizityalo ezinencasa ezizalelwa kwimimandla eyomileyo yaseAfrika, ikakhulu eMzantsi Afrika naseNamibia. Zahluke ngenkangeleko yazo yokuzifihla, ezivumela ukuba zixubane namatye kwindawo ezingqongileyo ukuze ziphephe ukutyiwa zizilwanyana. Ezi zityalo zivelisa intloko enye okanye ezininzi, ezenziwe ngamagqabi amabini adityanisiweyo, kunye nesanti esisembindini apho intyatyambo ivela khona. Umjikelo wabo wobomi kunye nenkangeleko ziye zavela ukuze ziphile kwiimeko ezinzima. ukumelana nexesha elide lembalela kunye namaqondo obushushu aguqukayo.
Igama IiLithops ivela kwisiGrike Iithayile (ilitye) kunye i-opsis (inkangeleko), ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zabo zokulinganisa. Zincinci, zihlala ixesha elide, kwaye zilungele ukuqokelelwa kwe-succulent ngenxa yoluhlu olubanzi lweepateni, iimilo kunye nemibala.
Imbali, imvelaphi kunye netaxonomy
Ukufunyanwa kwezityalo zeLithops Inxulunyaniswa noWilliam John Burchell, owaqala wachaza ezi zityalo eMzantsi Afrika. Ukususela ngoko, amaphulo awahlukahlukeneyo aye andisa ulwazi ngokusasazwa kwawo ngenxa yezinto eziye zafunyanwa eNamibia, eBotswana, eAngola, eMozambique, naseZimbabwe.
Ngokwezityalo, i-Lithops yeyosapho Kwiziko, equka ezinye izityalo ezinencindi ezilungele umhlaba owomileyo. Nangona kukho ijenari efanayo njengaleyo Conophytum, Pleiospilos o I-Fenestrary, kuphela i-Lithops ibonisa le ndibaniselwano ekhethekileyo yokulinganisa kunye nomjikelezo wobomi.
Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-35 ezaziwayo kunye nobuninzi beentlobo ezahlukeneyo., yahlulwe ngokweepateni, iimpawu kunye nemibala ethe yavela ngokwendawo yokuhlala yohlobo ngalunye ukuqinisekisa ukufihla kwabo.
Iimpawu ze-morphological kunye nomjikelo wobomi
I-Lithops eqhelekileyo inikezela amagqabi amabini adityaniswe kunye enza ulwakhiwo olusicaba, olumbhoxo, kwii-shades ezisuka kwi-gray, i-brown, kunye ne-greens ukuya kwi-pink, ehlala ihlotshiswe ngeepatheni zemigca, amabala, okanye iifestile eziguquguqukayo. Ezi festile zivumela ukukhanya ukuba kudlule kwizicubu ze-photosynthetic ezingaphantsi komhlaba, ukulungelelaniswa okuphambili ukuze uphile kwiindawo apho ukukhanya kwelanga kunamandla kodwa kunqongophala kwinxalenye yonyaka.
Umjikelo wayo wonyaka Yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amane:
- Ikhefu lasebusika: Isityalo siyeka ukukhula kwaso okubonakalayo kwaye amagqabi amadala aqala ukubuna ukusuka kwisiseko.
- I-Moult (intwasahlobo): Amagqabi amatsha avela ngaphakathi kwentloko, efunxa izondlo namanzi kumagqabi amadala.
- Ikhefu lasehlotyeni: Ephakathi kwehlobo, ukukhula kunye nomsebenzi we-physiological uyeka ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
- Iintyatyambo (ekwindla): Intyatyambo esembindini ibonakala, idla ngokuba tyheli okanye imhlophe, enokuhlala iintsuku eziliqela.
Lo mjikelo uvaliweyo kwaye uphindaphinda kubalulekile kwimpumelelo ekulinyweni kwekhaya.
I-substrate efanelekileyo ye-Lithops: ukubunjwa kunye nokulungiswa
Isitshixo sokukhula kweLithops silele kwi-substrateOku kufuneka kube neminerali eninzi kakhulu, kunye ne-drainage egqwesileyo kunye ne-organic matter ephantsi. I-organic substrate ikholisa ukugcina ukufuma okuninzi kwaye inokukhuthaza ukungunda okanye ukubola. Ngoko ke, kulungele ukusebenzisa imixube ebandakanya iingqalutye, igranite igrabile 1 ukuya 4 mm, isanti yomlambo erhabaxa y pumice, ukuphepha izinto ze-calcareous kunye ne-substrates yorhwebo ye-cacti edla ngokugqithisa kwizinto eziphilayo.
Indlela yokuxuba ecetyiswayo:
- Iinxalenye ezi-4 zesanti ye-aquarium (isiqingatha esihle, isiqingatha esiphakathi)
- Iinxalenye ezi-3 zepumice ezichotshoziweyo
- Ingxenye eyi-1 yomhlaba omnyama wendalo iphela (ukhetho, kuphela ukuba ikumgangatho olungileyo kwaye iphantsi kwezondlo)
Ubukhulu besayizi yesuntswana kufuneka ibe yi-3 mm kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, phefa umxube ukwahlula amasuntswana amakhulu. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, i-substrate kufuneka ibe inzalo kwi-oven okanye kwi-microwave ukuphelisa i-spores fungal. Isiseko segrabile okanye iingqalutye malunga ne-12 mm ubukhulu emazantsi embiza ikhuthaza ukukhupha amanzi.
Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa i-peat okanye i-substrates ecebileyo ekhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwefungi okanye izinambuzane.
Ukukhetha imbiza: imilinganiselo, izixhobo kunye ne-drainage
Ukukhethwa kwembiza kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni iingcambu. yeLithops. Nangona zizityalo ezincinci, zikhula iingcambu ezinde nezinzulu. Kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa iimbiza phakathi kwe-7 kunye ne-10 cm ubunzulu Okona kuncinci, izinto ezinokuthi zibe ngudongwe (kucetyiswa ukuba uphuphe ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-aeration) okanye iplastiki ye-opaque (engaze ibonakale ukukhusela i-algae), ihlala inemingxuma yokukhupha amanzi. Kwiimbiza ezinkulu, imingxuma emi-3 okanye emi-4 egqunywe ngengqalutye yanele.
Iimbiza zesikwere zandisa indawo yokuqokelela kwaye zikuvumela ukuba uhlukanise iintlobo okanye iintlobo. Ukuba ukhulisa izityalo ezininzi ngembiza enye, shiya ubuncinane iisentimitha ezimbini zokwahlukana phakathi kwemizekelo.
Ukhathalelo olusisiseko lweLithops yabantu abadala
Ukukhanya kunye nendawo
Ukukhanya kubalulekile ekukhuleni okufanelekileyo kunye neentyatyambo.Kucetyiswa ukuba ubeke i-Lithops kwindawo enobuncinci iiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5 zokukhanya kwelanga ngqo kusasa kunye nomthunzi omncinci emva kwemini. Ukuba ikhule ngaphakathi, indawo kufuneka ibe yifestile ejonge empuma okanye emazantsi. Ilanga elininzi linokubangela ukutshiswa lilanga, ngelixa ukukhanya okuncinci kakhulu kubangela i-etiolation (ukukhula okucothayo, okudodobalisayo).
Ukupholisa umoya
Indawo enomoya owaneleyo ibalulekile ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubola. I-Lithops ayiyona i-houseplants ngokungqongqo, njengoko ifuna ukungena komoya rhoqo kunye namaqondo obushushu aphantsi ebusuku ukulinganisa indawo yawo yokuhlala. Gcina kude kwimithombo yobushushu eyenziweyo ezifana neeradiyetha okanye izifudumezi.
temperatura
Umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku Ikhuthaza ukukhula kunye neentyatyambo. I-Lithops ibekezelela ukushisa okuphantsi, kwanakufuphi ne-zero ixesha elifutshane, kodwa ayikwazi ukunyamezela iqhwa elide. Ubuncinane obucetyiswayo bumalunga ne-10°C. Ilaphu lomthunzi linokuba luncedo ehlotyeni ukukhusela kwimitha eyingozi.
Ukunkcenkceshela: njani, nini kwaye kangaphi
El umngeni omkhulu kunye nonobangela wokufa kwiLithops Kunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo. Balandela umjikelo wendalo onamaxesha amade embalela:
- Musa ukunkcenkceshela ngexesha lokuphumla (ebusika). Vumela isityalo ukuba sifunxe amanzi kumagqabi amadala.
- Qhubeka nokunkcenkceshela xa ukuchetywa kugqityiwe kwaye kuvela amagqabi amatsha, usebenzisa amanzi aphakathi kwaye kuphela xa isityalo sifuna (ukuba sishwabene kakhulu).
- Ngexesha lesigaba sezityalo, amanzi kuphela rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 okanye ngaphantsi, uhlala ulindele ukuba i-substrate yome ngokupheleleyo phakathi kokunkcenkceshela.
- Kwiindawo ezifumileyo, banokuya kwiinyanga ezi-6 ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela.
Ukusebenzisa amanzi emvula kufanelekile, njengoko amanzi aqinileyo okanye i-calcareous anokuyichaphazela kakubi impilo yesityalo. Sebenzisa inkonkxa yokunkcenkceshela enentamo encinci okanye isitshizi ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwi-fissure ephakathi kwesityalo.
Ukuchumisa nokuchumisa
I-Lithops ayifuni ukuchumisa.Indawo yazo yendalo ayinazo zondlo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isichumiso esiqhelekileyo singabikho mfuneko. Kuphela emva kweminyaka emibini okanye emithathu yokulima kwi-substrate efanayo inokudibaniswa nesichumiso se-cactus esiphantsi kwe-nitrogen kunye ne-potassium eninzi, ihlanjululwe kwisiqingatha sedosi ekhuthazwayo kwaye kuphela ngexesha lokukhula okusebenzayo (entwasahlobo / ekwindla).
Ukutshintshwa: nini kwaye njani
I-Lithops ingcono ukubuyiswa xa isityalo singena kwi-dormancy okanye sisandul 'ukugqiba ukuchithwa, rhoqo kunye ne-substrate yomile. Kucetyiswa ukuba uphinde uphinde emva kweminyaka emibini okanye kuphela ukuba isityalo siyakufuna. Emva kokubuyisela, shiya ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-5 ukuze iingcambu zikwazi ukuphilisa kwaye zibeke kwindawo engaphantsi komthunzi ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphambi kokuba zibe sesichengeni sokukhanya kwelanga.
Ukuveliswa kweLithops: Imbewu kunye neendlela eziPhezulu
Ukuzala ngembewu yeyona ndlela isebenzayo kwaye inomvuzo ukufumana iLithops entsha, evumela ukuqokelelwa okwandisiweyo okwandisiweyo kunye nokulinga iipateni ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibala. Ukukhula kwembewu kuphezulu, kwaye iintlobo ezininzi zigcina ukuntshula kwazo iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ukuba zigcinwe kwindawo eyomileyo, emnyama.
Ukulungiswa kwebhedi yembewu kunye nokuhlwayela
- Elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala kusekupheleni kwentlakohlaza okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo kwiindawo ezipholileyo, ukuvumela izithole ukuba zifikelele kumlinganiselo owaneleyo ebusika.
- Sebenzisa iimbiza ezinzulu, ezisikweri (7-10 cm), ezizaliswe yi-sterilized mineral substrate (jonga icandelo le-substrate).
- Phezulu, beka umaleko wesanti ecolekileyo malunga ne-3 mm kwaye usasaze imbewu ngaphandle kokuyingcwaba. Sebenzisa iimbewu ezinonyaka ubuncinane, njengoko zintshula rhoqo.
- Phalaza umphezulu ngamanzi emvula kunye yigqume imbiza ngeplastiki ecacileyo egqobhokileyo ukugcina ukufuma, ukuvumela ukujikeleza komoya.
- Beka ibhedi yembewu kwindawo eqaqambileyo kodwa hayi ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokuntshula buphakathi kwama-20°C kunye nama-28°C.
- Nkcenkceshela ngokuntywiliselwa, ngokuyintywilisela imbiza emanzini (nge-fungicide ekuqaleni), ukuphepha ukugcwala kwamanzi.
Ukunyamekelwa kwezithole
Ukuntshula ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka phakathi kweentsuku ezi-4 kunye ne-8 emva kokuhlwayela. Nje ukuba uninzi lwembewu luntshulile, Susa iplastiki kunye namanzi kuphela ngokutshiza, ukuvumela umaleko womphezulu we-substrate ukuba wome phakathi kokunkcenkceshela kodwa uwugcine ufumile kancinci kubunzulu obumalunga ne-6 mm. Izithole zifuna amanzi amaninzi kunezityalo esele zikhulile, ngoko ke kufuneka zinkcenkceshelwe rhoqo emva kweeveki ezintathu okanye ezine de zifikelele kwiinyanga ezili-18 ubudala. Ibaluleke kakhulu musa ukutshintsha kakhulu ukukhanya okanye iimeko zokufuma, ukuphepha ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwendalo.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye neengqwalasela zokukhula kwimbewu
- Ukuzala ngokwesondo kusivumela ukuba sifumane izityalo zokwahlukana okukhulu kwemfuza.
- Izinga lokuntshula liphezulu, kodwa kuqhelekile ukuba enye imbewu ithathe iinyanga okanye iminyaka ukuze intshule.
- Izithole zikhula iingcambu ezinzulu kwaye zingahlala kwimbiza enye kangangeenyanga ezili-18 nangaphezulu phambi kokuba zityalwe.
- Ezona ntlobo zilula kwabaqalayo zezi: Lithops aucampiae, bromfieldii, hallii, hookeri, karasmontana, lesliei, olivacea, pseudotruncatella, salicola y Schwantesii.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye neempazamo ekulinyweni kweLithops
Impumelelo yexesha elide ixhomekeke ekuphepheni iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo:
- Ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo: Ibangela ukudumba, ukuqhekeka, ukubola nokufa.
- Ukunqongophala kokukhanya: I-Lithops yolula (i-etiolation), i-discolor, kwaye ingafa ngaphandle kweentyantyambo.
- Ufakelo olungalunganga: Ukutshintshwa ngexesha elingafanelekanga okanye ngeengcambu ezimanzi kunokubangela ukubola.
- Izinambuzane: I-Mealybugs zezona zinambuzane zixhaphakileyo, zilandelwa yi-rootworms. Kubalulekile ukuhlola iingcambu kwaye usebenzise amayeza okubulala izinambuzane xa kuyimfuneko.
- I-fungus kunye ne-algae: Isiphumo sokufuma rhoqo; ukuthintela ngokubulala iintsholongwane kwi-substrate kunye nokulawula ukungena komoya.
Ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo, ukuqwalaselwa kwezityalo kunye nomonde, kubalulekile ukuphepha ukufa kwangaphambili kweLithops, enokuphila amashumi eminyaka.
Iindidi ezicetyiswayo kunye neentlobo
Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-35 kunye neentlobo ezingaphezu kwe-145Ziyahluka ngombala, iimpawu, iimilo kunye nobukhulu, nto leyo ezenza zibe yimizekelo enokuqokeleleka kakhulu. Ezinye zezona zidumileyo:
- IiLithops aucampiae
- Lithops bromfieldii
- Iilithops karasmontana
- Lithops lesliei
- Ilithops optic
- IiLithops pseudotruncatella
- Iilithops salicola
- I-Lithops schwantesii
- I-Lithops hookeri
- Lithops dorotheae
- ILithops verruculosa
- Iilithops fulviceps
- I-Lithops ruschiorum
- Indawo ye-Lithops
Ipateni yeentyatyambo Iyahluka phakathi kweentlobo, kodwa uninzi lweentyatyambo ukusuka kunyaka wesithathu wobomi, ukuba zifumene ukukhanya okwaneleyo kwaye zikhathalelwe ngokuchanekileyo.
Iingcebiso zokugcina i-Lithops zikwimeko efanelekileyo
- Iimbiza zodongwe kunye ne-drainage zikhuthaza ukungena komoya kunye nokupheliswa kokufuma okugqithisileyo.
- Indawo ekhanyayo kodwa ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga ngqo ngexesha leeyure ezisembindini zosuku.
- Nkcenkceshela kuphela xa amagqabi amadala omile ngokupheleleyo kwaye amatsha sele evele.
- Musa ukuchumisa kakhulu okanye utshintshele ngaphandle kwezigaba zokukhula ezicetyiswayo.
- Kulumkele utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimekobume, ubushushu okanye ukukhanya.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga neLithops okanye amatye aphilayo
- Zihlala ixesha elingakanani i-Lithops? Bangaphila kwiminyaka engama-40-50 kwiimbiza ezifanelekileyo kunye nokunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo.
- Kutheni i-Lithops yam iqhekeka okanye idumba? Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kungenxa yokunkcenkceshela okanye ukungabikho kwexesha elomileyo. Ukulungelelanisa ubuninzi kunye nomthamo wamanzi kubalulekile.
- Ndiyithintela njani i-Lithops yam ekubeni i-etiolating? Ukubonelela ngokukhanya okukhulu kangangoko ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo; ukungabikho kokukhanya yimbangela ephambili ye-etiolation.
- Nini ukutshintshela i-Lithops? Ekuqaleni kwexesha lokukhula, kunye ne-substrate eyomileyo kwaye uvumele isityalo siphumle emva kokutshintshwa.
- Ngaba banokuphumelela ngaphakathi? Ewe, okoko nje zifumana ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo ubuncinane phakathi ekuseni kunye nokufumana umoya omhle.
Funda ukukhula I-Lithops okanye amatye aphilayo Ifuna umonde kunye nengqalelo kwiinkcukacha, ukuphindaphinda iimeko zendalo yazo. Nge-substrate ye-mineral efanelekileyo, i-potential, i-pot-draining pot, ulawulo olungqongqo lokunkcenkceshela, kunye nokukhanya okuqaqambileyo kodwa okungacacanga ngokuthe ngqo ngexesha lokukhanya kwelanga, obu buncwane buncinci bentlango bunokuphumelela amashumi eminyaka, buqaqambisa nayiphi na i-succulent ingqokelela kunye nefomu yabo engenakulinganiswa kunye neentyatyambo.