Intshayelelo kwihlabathi elinomdla lezityalo ezinqabileyo
Ubukumkani bezityalo buhlala kwiintlobo-ntlobo ezimangalisayo ezidlula oko siqhele ukukubona kwiigadi, iipaki kunye namasimi. Izityalo ezinqabileyo zehlabathi Bacela umngeni kwizinto esizilindeleyo nge-morphology yabo, uhlengahlengiso, indlela yokuphila, kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezigqithisileyo. Abanye babonisa iindlela zokhuselo ezikhethekileyo, abanye bayayigatya imida yobungakanani okanye ubomi obude, kwaye abaninzi ngakumbi baye baphuhlisa amaqhinga anomdla wokuphila kwezona ndawo zingenabume eMhlabeni.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga nzulu eyona zityalo zingaqhelekanga, ezingaqhelekanga nezingaqhelekanga yesi sijikelezi-langa, ezo zisifundisa indlela indaleko enokuvelisa ngayo imimangaliso yokwenene yezityalo. Siza kufumanisa yonke into ukusuka kwiintyatyambo ezinkulu, ezihlabayo ukuya kwiintlobo ezincinci kangangokuba zingene kwincam yephini, kunye nemithi emile okweambrela, iiorchids ezingaphantsi komhlaba, kunye neentlobo ezikhoyo kumzekelo omnye kwihlabathi liphela. Konke oku kuza neengcaciso ezineenkcukacha zabo ngebhayoloji, uhlengahlengiso, ukubaluleka kwendalo, izoyikiso, kunye neenzame zolondolozo. Siza kubandakanya imifanekiso ekhethwe ngocoselelo ukuphucula uhambo olubonakalayo lomfundi.
Ukwahluka kunye nokufaneleka kwezityalo kwiplanethi
Ihlabathi lezityalo lenza isiseko sokuqala sobomi eMhlabeni. Kukho izigidi zeentlobo zezityalo, ezininzi ezingekafunyaniswa kwaye zifakwe kwikhathalogu, zilungelelaniswe kuyo yonke inkqubo yendalo onokuyicinga. Izityalo azisiniki nje ioksijini nge-photosynthesis, kodwa zikwalawula imozulu, zilungise umhlaba, zigcine umjikelo wamanzi kwaye ziyikhusi kunye nokutya kwezinto ezininzi eziphilayo.Ukuvela kwabo kwi-algae yokuqala eluhlaza kwaphawula ukuqala kokuhlaliswa komhlaba, kwaye ukwahlukana kwabo kwaba ngundoqo kuphuhliso lwezityalo nezilwanyana zanamhlanje.
Ukusuka kubulembu obubuthathaka ukuya kwi-baobabs enkulu, uhlobo ngalunye luphethe imbali ekhethekileyo yendaleko. Phakathi kwalo mmandla mkhulu wendalo iphela, elinye iqela elincinane lezityalo litsale ingqalelo ekhethekileyo: izityalo ezinqabileyo zehlabathi, uninzi lwazo zisengozini enkulu. Uphononongo lwayo lusivumela ukuba siqonde ngcono imida yokomelela kwebhayoloji kunye nokubaluleka kokugcina ubutyebi bemfuza kunye nendalo yesijikelezi-langa sethu.
Iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezityalo ezinqabileyo
Izityalo ezinqabileyo zihlala zidlula eziqhelekileyo ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:
- Ukuziqhelanisa ngokugqithisileyo kwindawo eyomileyo, phantsi komhlaba okanye emanzini.
- Iindlela ezizodwa zokuvelisa okanye ezikhethekileyo (ezifana nokuthunyelwa kwepoleni okukhohlisayo okanye ukudluliselwa kwepoleni okunuka kakubi).
- Imikhwa engaqhelekanga yokuphila, njenge-parasitism okanye i-carnivory.
- Imeko yolondolozo ebuthathaka kunye nokuhanjiswa kuthintelwe kwiindawo zokuhlala ezincinci.
- Iimilo, imibala kunye nezakhiwo ze-morphological ezingenakuphinda ziphindeke.
Ezi mpawu azenzi nje ukuba zixabiseke ngokwembono yenzululwazi, kodwa zikwasilumkisa ngobuthathaka be-ecosystem kunye nesidingo esingxamisekileyo sokukhusela izityalo ezohlukeneyo zehlabathi.
Rafflesia arnoldii: Eyona ntyatyambo inkulu kwaye ingaqhelekanga kwiplanethi
URafflesia arnoldii Ibalasele njengesityalo esineyona ntyatyambo inkulu eyaziwayo ehlabathini, ifikelela ngaphezu kwemitha enye ububanzi kwaye inobunzima obungaphezulu kweekhilogram ezili-10. Olu hlobo lunomdla luhlala njenge-parasite kwimidiliya yohlobo lweTetrastigma, engenamagqabi, izikhondo, okanye iingcambu zayo. Kuphela kuxa intyatyambo ithi ngequbuliso ithi gqi yinyama, ibomvu ihonjiswe ngamachokoza aluthuthu kunye nevumba elibi elifana nenyama ebolileyo, ethi itsale izinambuzane ezifileyo, ezona ziphambili zihambisa ipoleni.
Umjikelo wobomi bayo kunye nokuzala kwayo kusagcwele izinto ezingaziwayo kwisayensi. Phezu kwako nje ubungakanani bayo nokunqaba kwayo, iRafflesia isongelwe kukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo ehlala kuyo nendawo yayo yokuchithachitheka okulinganiselweyo.. Ngapha koko, njengoko ixhomekeke ngokungqongqo kumamkeli wayo, naluphi na utshintsho kwi-Tetrastigma yabemi ichaphazela ngqo ukusinda kwayo.
Ukubaluleka kwendalo yeRafflesia arnoldii
Le ntyatyambo inegalelo kwibhalansi yehlathi kungekuphela nje ngenxa yendima yayo njengesinki yekhabhoni engangqalanga, kodwa nangenxa yomsebenzi wayo kwindawo yokutyela. umtsalane wezinambuzane ezisasaza ipoleni kwaye njengenxalenye yewebhu entsonkothileyo yokutyaIvumba layo, nangona lingemnandanga ebantwini, libalulekile kwindalo ukuqinisekisa ukusasazeka kwepoleni.
I-Welwitschia mirabilis: Intsalela ephilayo yasentlango
iWelwitschia mirabilis Mhlawumbi sesinye sezona zityalo zindala kwaye zikwazi ukunyamezela. Ifumaneka kwintlango yaseNamibia nakumazantsi-ntshona eAngola, Olu hlobo luye lwaphila phantse ngokungaguqukiyo kumakhulu amawaka eminyakaInamagqabi amabini kuphela achaseneyo akhula ngokuqhubekayo kubo bonke ubomi bawo, amasebe kunye nokuqhekeka ekuhambeni kwexesha. Inokuphila ngaphezu kwewaka leminyaka, kunye nemizekelo ethile engaphezulu kwamawaka amabini eminyaka.
Ubume bayo bulungiselelwe ngokukodwa bamba ukufuma kumbethe y ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu emini kunye neeqabaka zasebusuku. Ikwanazo neengcambu ezinzulu ezicofa kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Le gymnosperm ehlala ixesha elide yifosili ephilayo edibanisa ixesha lethu kunye neminyaka yeedinosaurs.
Indima yayo kwindalo kunye nemingeni yolondolozo lwayo
Kwindawo eyomileyo yendalo ehlala kuyo, iWelwitschia mirabilis isebenza njengendawo yokusabela kunye nomthombo womthunzi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo ezincinci. Ukukhula okucothayo kunye nokuzala kwayo kuyenza Usengozini yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nesenzo somntu, ngoko ukukhuselwa kweentlango apho ihlala khona kubalulekile ukuze iphile.
Wolffia arrhiza: Esona sityalo sincinci kwiplanethi
Ukuba iRafflesia yophula iirekhodi ngobukhulu bayo, UWolffia arrhiza yenza ngokuchaseneyo: Sisityalo esineentyantyambo ezincinci kunye neyona biomass incinci, ukulinganisa ngaphantsi kwe-1,5 millimeters ububanzi kunye nobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-2 milligrams. Ludidi lwedada oludada kumachibi amileyo kunye namachibi, ngakumbi kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia naseOceania.
Nangona ubukhulu bayo buncinci, IWolffia arrhiza isebenza ngokugqithisileyo ekuveliseni kwayo, isanda ngokwahlulwa kwezityalo. kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuveliswa kweentyatyambo ezincinci. Isiqulatho sayo seprotheyini ephezulu sikhokelele ekubeni sithathelwe ingqalelo njengomthombo wokutya onokuthi ubekho kumazwe apho kuninzi khona.
Ukubaluleka kunye nezoyikiso
Izakhiwo zeWolffia zisebenza njengendawo yokuhlala kunye nendawo yokusabela kwiintsholongwane, ii-invertebrates, kunye neentlanzi ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kwazo kunokubangela i-eutrophication ukuba izondlo ezisemanzini zigqithise. Ngaphezu koko, banjalo Usemngciphekweni wongcoliseko kunye nokuguqulwa kwemigxobhozo.
IAmorphophallus titanum: Intyatyambo yesidumbu esikhulu
Amorphophallus titanum, eyaziwa nangokuthi "intyatyambo yesidumbu," yenye yezityalo ezine-inflorescence enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, zifikelela ngokulula kwiimitha ezintathu ukuphakama. Ayidume kakhulu ngevumba elibi eliphuma ngexesha lokudumba kwayo manqaphanqapha., efana naleyo yenyama ebolileyo, nto leyo eyivumela ukuba itsale izinambuzane ezibolileyo ukuze iqinisekise ukudluliselwa kwepoleni.
Umjikelo wobomi bayo uyamangalisa: inokuchitha iminyaka emininzi iqokelela amandla kwi-tuber engaphantsi komhlaba ngaphambi kokuba idubule, emva koko ifune ixesha elide lokulala. Ukudumba kwesityalo kwiigadi zebhotani sisiganeko semidiya, xa sijonga ubume baso obumangalisayo kunye ne-ephemeral.
Imeko yohlobo kwindawo yayo yendalo
Inzalelwane kumahlathi ashinyeneyo aseSumatra, i IAmorphophallus titanum isesichengeni sokugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nelahleko yendawo yokuhlala.Iinzame zolondolozo ziquka ukulima kwizitiya zebhotani kunye neendawo zokugcina imbewu.
I-Pennantia baylisiana: Ubuncwane obubodwa baseOceania
La Pennantia baylisiana Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, sesinye sezona zityalo zinqabileyo nezisemngciphekweni wokuphela emhlabeni. Kwindawo yayo yendalo kwiZiqithi iThree Kings, kumntla weNew Zealand, kukho umfuziselo omnye owaziwayo, omele imeko egqithisileyo yokunqaba kwebhotani. Lo mthi omncinci uye waba ngumxholo weenkqubo zokwandisa imifuno kunye nezifundo zofuzo., ngelizama ukuthintela ukuphela kwayo ngokupheleleyo.
Eyona nto isoyikiso kukuzala kwayo okugqithisileyo kunye nokungenzeki kokuvelisa ngesondo nomntu omnye okhoyo. Ikamva leentlobo lixhomekeke kakhulu kwimpumelelo ye-cloning kunye nokulinywa kwe-in vitro kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo zokulima.
Cyanea heluensis: Isityalo esikhethekileyo saseHawaii emhlabeni
Ifunyenwe kwiintaba zaseMaui, eHawaii, I-Cyanea heluensis imele omnye weyona mizekelo igqithisileyo yokunqabaMnye kuphela umzekelo owaziwayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sesona sityalo sisengozini yokuphela emhlabeni. Imeko yayo ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuba iHawaii ibekwe yodwa, uxinzelelo oluvela kwiintlobo ezihlaselayo, ukupheliswa kwezilwanyana ezihlala kuyo, kunye nokuqhekeka kwendawo yokuhlala.
Ngoku, iingcaphephe zezityalo ziyaphuhla i-cloning ngokusika kunye ne-micropropagation kugqatso oluchasene nexesha lokusindisa uhlobo, kusetyenziswa amahlumela ambalwa akhoyo kunye namasebe asuka kumntu wokuqala.
Encephalartos woodii: Icycad ephela endle
Imbali ye Encephalartos woodii Ikhethekile njengoko ibuhlungu. Olu hlobo lwecycad yaseAfrika lwafunyanwa kwihlathi laKwaZulu-Natal, eMzantsi Afrika, yaye kungekudala lwaphela endle. Bonke abantu abakhoyo emhlabeni bangama-clones omzekelo wokuqala, kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zizityalo zamadoda kuphela ezaziwayo., ngoko ke ukuzala ngokwesondo akunakwenzeka.
Ukwenziwa ngendlela eyiyo kwalo mzekelo kuye kwavumela ukulondolozwa kwawo kwiigadi zezityalo kwihlabathi jikelele, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo njengeentlobo akuqinisekanga. Ungumzekelo ocacileyo weengxaki ezivela kukungabikho kweyantlukwano yemfuza kunye nobunzima bokugcina i-relict kunye neentlobo eziqhekezayo.
I-Rhizanthella gardneri: I-orchid engaphantsi komhlaba ekwaziyo ukukhanya
Rhizanthella gardneri, okanye i<em>orchid yaseNtshona Ostreliya engaphantsi komhlaba, sesinye sezityalo ezimbalwa ezingaphantsi komhlaba ngokupheleleyo, njengoko iwuphumeza wonke umjikelo wayo wobomi ngaphantsi komhlaba yaye ayizange ikubone kukhanya kwelanga. Ayinamagqabi okanye iingcambu zokwenyani kwaye ayiyenzi iphotosynthesis.Ngapha koko, ixhomekeke ngokukodwa kwi-symbiosis yayo kunye ne-mycorrhizal fungi ukufumana izondlo kwaye uphile.
Iintyatyambo zayo, nazo eziphantsi komhlaba, azibonakali kakuhle kumphezulu kwaye ziye ivumba le-formalin xa wonzakele, uphawu olungaqhelekanga oludida neengcali zeeorchid. Ukusinda kwe-Rhizanthella kusongelwa kuko nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka komhlaba kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-microhabitat yayo ethile.
I-Medusagyne oppositifolia: Umthi we-jellyfish
El ijellyfish tree (Medusagyne oppositifolia) Yeyona kuphela indidi yohlobo lwayo kunye nosapho, olufumaneka kwiiSeychelles. Ukunqaba kwayo ngokwebhayoloji kugqithise, kwaye igama layo livela kwiziqhamo zayo, ezifana neentsimbi zejellyfish. Yaphinda yafunyanwa emva kokuba igqalwe njengengasekhoyo, yaye namhlanje imbalwa kakhulu imizekelo yasendle eseleyo.
Ayingomthi mkhulu kakhulu (ufikelela malunga neemitha ezili-10), kodwa ukukhula kwawo kubhityile kwaye isiqu sawo asiphuhliswanga kakhulu. Ubuthathaka bayo kunye noluhlu olulinganiselweyo lwendawo yokuhlala iyenza ibe luphawu lwehlabathi lonke lokubaluleka kokugcina ukwahlukana kwemfuza kwesiqithi..
Dracaena cinnabari: Umthi wegazi wenamba
El UDracaena cinnabari Ayinakuphikiswa ngesithsaba sayo esimilise okwesambrela esijikiweyo kunye nentlaka ebomvu, eyaziwa ngokuba "ligazi ledragoni," efunyenwe esiqwini sayo. Ivela kwiziqithi zaseSocotra, ikwafumaneka naseMacaronesia (iCanary Islands, iMadeira, neCape Verde, kodwa kwezinye iintlobo zolu hlobo).
Lo I-resin isetyenziswe iinkulungwane kumayeza esintu, idayi kunye namasiko omlingoI-morphology yayo ivumela ukuba ikhulise ukuthatyathwa kwamanzi kwimvula ephantsi. Umthi wegazi ledragoni ukwabalulekile kwinkcubeko yemveli kunye noqoqosho lwaseSocotra, kwaye ulondolozo lwawo lubalulekile.
I-Baobab (Adansonia): Iingxilimbela zobomi obude
Los iibaobabs, ikakhulu i-Adansonia digitata e-Afrika kunye nezinye iintlobo e-Madagascar nase-Australia, yimithi ye-iconic yokubaluleka kwe-ikholoji kunye nenkcubeko. Bangaphila amawaka eminyaka, bafikelele kwimithamo emikhulu yesiqu kunye nokugcina amanzi amaninzi ngaphakathi ukuze baphile kwimbalela.
Ixolo lawo elahlukileyo, iintyatyambo ezinkulu, kunye nomjikelo wokuwa kwamagqabi ngexesha elomileyo kuye kwabangela umdla kubakhenkethi nabantu basekuhlaleni kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. IiBaobab zibonelela ngekhusi, ukutya, izixhobo zokwakha, kunye neentsomi kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye Ziziqwenga eziphambili zezinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji kwi-savannah kunye namahlathi omileyo.
I-Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula): Eyona carnivore idumileyo
Akukho luhlu lwezityalo ezizodwa luya kugqitywa ngaphandle kwe Venus ifltrtrap, isilwanyana esizidlayo esincinane esihlala kwimigxobhozo ekwimpuma yoMntla Merika. Ibonakala ngemigibe efana neqabunga, ethi iqhwabe xa idibana nexhoba, ngokuqhelekileyo izinambuzane, ngaphantsi kwesibini. Lo matshini kukuziqhelanisa nokuphila kwimihlaba engenanitrogen. kwaye ibe ngumxholo weemvavanyo ezininzi zebhotani kunye nokuncoma abalimi kunye nezazinzulu.
Namhlanje, iVenus flytrap isongelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kwemigxobhozo, utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nokuqokelela ngokungekho mthethweni kurhwebo lokuhombisa. Ukugcina indawo ehlala kuyo kubalulekile ukunqanda eli qela lezilwanyana ekufikeleleni kwincam yokuphela.
I-Selaginella lepidophylla: Isityalo sokuvuka
Phakathi kohlengahlengiso olungaqhelekanga lobukumkani bezityalo, i Selaginella lepidophylla Ibalasele ngokukwazi kwayo ukuphila dehydrated ngokupheleleyo iminyaka. Ngamaxesha embalela, iyazigoqa, ibonakale ifile. Xa ifumana amanzi, iphinda ihlaziyeke kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa, ivuleke amagqabi ayo ize iphinde iqalise ukusebenza kwimetabolism.
Ayisosityalo seentyatyambo, kodwa a i-lycophyte evelisa i-sporesIsasazwa kwiindawo ezomileyo zaseMexico nakumazantsi-ntshona eUnited States. Uphononongo lwayo luvule indlela yophando malunga nokuxhathisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye neendlela ezizezinye kwi-biotechnology yezolimo.
IRose yaseJeriko (Anastatica hierochuntica): Ummangaliso wokubuyisela amanzi emanzini
Ukufanisa ukuzalwa kwakhona kunye nethemba kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, iRosi yaseYeriko Sisityalo esincinane sasentlango esikwaziyo ukuhlala somile iminyaka, sikhula sibe luhlaza kwaye siphinde sivuleke kwakhona xa sifumana amanzi. Le ndlela emangalisayo ivumele ukuba yoyise iindawo zokuhlala entlango apho ezinye izityalo ziya kutshabalala.
Isetyenziswe kwimibhiyozo, izithethe, kunye nethamsanqa elihle, iRose yaseJeriko iye yaba ngumxholo wezifundo zesayensi ngokukwazi ukukhusela iiseli kwi-desiccation epheleleyo.
Mimosa pudica: Isityalo esineentloni esishukumayo
IMimosa pudica Yaziwa ngokusabela kwayo xa uyibamba. Xa iphathwa, ikhawuleza isonge kwaye ivale amagqabi ayo njengendlela yokuzikhusela. ngokuchasene namarhamncwa okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu nokukhanya. Isasazwe ngokubanzi kulo lonke elasetropiki laseMelika kwaye iye yendalo yendalo kweminye imimandla eshushu ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukwenza ikholoni kumhlaba ovulekileyo.
Impendulo yalo ekuthinteni (thigmonasty) ibe ngumxholo wezifundo ze-physiological ekuhambeni kwezityalo, ukubonelela ngolwazi malunga neenguqu kwi-cell turgor kunye nezibonakaliso zombane kwizityalo.
Actaea pachypoda: Amehlo kanodoli onetyhefu
I-Actaea pachypoda, fowuni Amehlo onodoli, sisityalo esinesityalo esinesityalo esineempawu zamahlathi apholileyo aseMntla Melika. Ivelisa iziqhamo ezimhlophe ezimangalisayo, ezifana neebhola zamehlo kwiidiza ezibomvu. Nangona kunjalo, Isityalo sonke kwaye ngakumbi amaqunube ayo anetyhefu kakhulu kubantu nakwizilwanyana, kwaye kunokubangela isicaphucaphu, ukuxhuzula, kunye nokusilela kokuphefumla ukuba kutyiwe.
Inkangeleko yayo emangalisayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba iyindlela yokuthintela indalo, egcina izilwanyana ezidla ukhula zikude. Ikhula kumhlaba otyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nokufuma okungaguqukiyo, kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kunye neendawo ezinomthunzi.
Tacca chantrieri: Intyatyambo yelulwane
La intyatyambo yelulwane o tacca chantrieri Sisityalo saseTropiki esihlala eMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Ibonakala ngeentyatyambo ezintle ezimnyama okanye ezimfusa, ezinebracts ezinde ezilinganisa amaphiko namabhovu elulwane. Le mbonakalo ingaqhelekanga licebo lokutsala i-pollinators ezikhethekileyo, mhlawumbi amalulwane okanye izinambuzane ezinkulu zasebusuku.
Ukulinywa kwayo kunzima: ifuna ukufuma okuphezulu, umthunzi oshinyeneyo kunye nomhlaba ochumileyo ovundiweyoEsi sityalo sixatyiswe kakhulu ngabaqokeleli kunye neengcali zezityalo ngenxa yokunqaba kunye nobuhle obungaqhelekanga.
IHydnellum peckii: Ikhowa elophayo
Nangona ayisosityalo ngengqiqo engqongqo kodwa yifungus, I-Hydnellum peckii Ibandakanyiwe kuluhlu ngenxa yenkangeleko yayo emangalisayo kunye nentsebenziswano ebalulekileyo yendalo yamahlathi. Umphezulu wayo ukhupha amathontsi abomvu afana negazi elitsha, indlela yokukhupha amanzi ngexesha lokukhula.
Ifomu yeHydnellum peckii unxulumano lwe-mycorrhizal nemithi, ukunceda ukufunxa izondlo kunye nokuphucula impilo yehlathi. Ayityiwa, kwaye ubukho bayo ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa imihlaba yehlathi ephilileyo, engaphazamisekiyo.
I-Drosera capensis: Inyama encangathi
ISundew capensis Yenye eyaziwa ngokuba yinyama edla inyama eMzantsi Afrika. Amagqabi awo agqunywe ngamadlala akhupha incangathi. Xa isinambuzane sihlala kuzo, siyavaleleka size ngokuthe ngcembe sityiswe ziienzymes. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba ihlawule ukungabikho kwezondlo emhlabeni. ukusuka kwindawo yayo yendalo: iindawo ezifumileyo, ezinelanga, ezingenazondlo.
Ekulimeni, iDrosera iyathakazelelwa ngokusasaza kwayo ngokulula kunye nomtsalane imikhwa yayo yokutya ivuselela phakathi kwee-hobbyists kunye nezazinzulu.
Cereus grandiflorus: Ukumkanikazi wobusuku
El Cereus grandiflorus, ekwabizwa ngokuba "yindlovukazi yasebusuku," yicactus yemvelaphi yaseMelika edubula ngeyure nje ezimbalwa ebusuku. Iintyatyambo zayo zinkulu, zimhlophe, kwaye zinevumba elimnandi, zilungele ukuvuzwa amalulwane namanundu ebusukuIvumba nencindi zitsala abakhenkethi baphambili, beqinisekisa ukuba le ntlobo iyaqhubeka nokubakho kwiindawo zokuhlala entlango.
Ubufutshane bexesha lokutyatyamba kwayo kubangele iintsomi namabali kuMbindi nakuMntla Merika.
I-Drakaea glyptodon: I-orchid ekhohlisayo yase-Australia
Obona bugocigoci obukhulu kumvumvuzelwano lwezityalo luboniswa yi Drakaea glyptodon, i<em>orchid yaseOstreliya eye yavela ukuze ifane nenkangeleko nevumba likanomeva. Oku iqhinga lokukhohlisa ngokwesondo Itsala iinkunzi zohlobo lwe Thynnid, ezizama ukudityaniswa nentyatyambo kwaye ngaloo ndlela ziququzelele ukuhanjiswa kwepollen phakathi kwabantu.
Lo mcimbi, owaziwa ngokuba pseudocopulation, ngomnye weyona mizekelo imangalisayo yendalo ekhoyo phakathi kwezityalo kunye ne-pollinators.
Dracunculus vulgaris: Imifuno engaqondakaliyo yamagqwirha
La IDracunculus vulgaris, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "witches' herb", sisityalo esihlala ixesha elide saseMeditera esibonwa ngokugqama kwemfusa kunye ne-spadix emide. Ikhupha ivumba elibi elibi kakhulu ukutsala izinambuzane ezisasaza ipoleni, ubukhulu becala iimpukane. Inkangeleko yayo engaqhelekanga kunye nonxulumano lwembali kunye nomlingo kunye nobugqi kwenze ukuba ibe ngumlinganiswa oyintloko weentsomi ezidumileyo kunye neenkolelo.
Nangona isetyenziselwa amayeza kwisithethe sesintu, kufuneka iphathwe ngononophelo ngenxa yezinto ezithile ezicaphukisayo kwizicubu zayo.
Hydnora africana: Isityalo esingaphantsi komhlaba esingena chlorophyll
IHydnora africana Sesinye sezityalo ezimbalwa eziphantsi komhlaba ngokupheleleyo, iswele iklorofili kwaye ixhomekeke ekufunxeni kwezakhamzimba kwiingcambu zezinye izityalo (ngokuqhelekileyo iintlobo zosapho lwe-Euphorbiaceae). Intyatyambo yayo ithi gqi ngokufutshane emhlabeni ize ikhuphe ivumba elibi, itsale izinambuzane ezifileyo ukuze zisasazeke.
Ukusasazwa kwayo kuthintelwe kwimimandla eyinkqantosi esemazantsi e-Afrika, apho ukhuphiswano lwemithombo yobutyebi lugqwesileyo. Njengezinye iintlobo ezininzi ezizifunxi-gazi, ivakalelwa kukuba ilahleko yesityalo esihlala kuyo nokutshintsha kwemekobume.
Clathrus archeri: Intlanzi esemhlabeni
El UClathrus archeriIminwe kaMtyholi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "land starfish," ibetha ngendlela yayo: xa ikhulile, ivula iingalo ezininzi ezibomvu ezikhumbuza iintente ze-starfish. Ivumba layo elibolileyo litsala izinambuzane ezinecrophagous ezisasaza iimbewu. Ivela e-Australia, kodwa iye yavela eYurophu naseMelika ngenxa yokuthutha iinkuni kunye nomhlaba.
Ubukho bazo, nangona bunqabile, luphawu lwe-ecosystems etyebileyo kwi-organic matter kunye nenethiwekhi entsonkothileyo edibanisa ifungi kunye nezityalo kwindalo.
Ezinye izityalo ezinqabileyo kunye neerekhodi zebhotani ezimangalisayo
- Izityalo ezinqabileyo ezihambayoUkongeza kwi-Mimosa pudica, kukho iintlobo ezifana ne-Desmodium gyrans (isityalo se-telegraph), amaqabunga ayo ahamba ngokubonakalayo ngokuphendula isandi okanye ukukhanya.
- Izityalo ezinkuluIintlobo ezifana nesequoia kunye neEucalyptus regnans zezona mithi ziphakamileyo zaziwayo, ngoxa i-baobab neRafflesia zilinganisa ubukhulu nobukhulu beentyatyambo ngokulandelelana kwazo.
- Izityalo zokutyaNgaphandle kweVenus flytrap kunye neDrosera, uhlobo lweNepenthes lubandakanya iintlobo ezineengqayi ezinkulu ezikwazi ukubambisa nezilwanyana ezincinci ezincancisayo okanye amasele.
- Izityalo zeParasiticUkongeza kwiRafflesia kunye neHydnora, iCuscuta (iinwele zengelosi) kunye neOrobanchaceae zibalasele, ezifumana zonke izondlo zazo kwizityalo ezisindleke kwaye zihlala zichaphazela izityalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokutya.
Imingeni yolondolozo kunye nekamva lezityalo ezinqabileyo
Utshaba oluphambili lwezityalo ezinqabileyo yi ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuqhekeka, kulandelwa kukuqaliswa kweentlobo zezityalo ezingaqhelekanga, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, nokuxhatshazwa ngokungenankathalo. Iintlobo ezininzi ezinqabileyo zixhomekeke kwi-microhabitats ezilinganiselwe kakhulu okanye ubudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo be-ikholoji, ngoko nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka kunokuba yintlekele.
Iingcali zezityalo kunye nolondolozo lwendalo kwihlabathi jikelele zisebenza kwiiprojekthi zokuzala ze-ex situ, iibhanki zembewu, ukubuyisela indawo yokuhlala, kunye nemfundo yendalo esingqongileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kwala matye anqabileyo omhlaba wezityalo.
Indalo emangalisayo ye izityalo ezinqabileyo zehlabathi Iqaqambisa ubuchule bendaleko kunye nokubaluleka kokukhusela i-biodiversity kuwo onke amanqanaba. Ukuyifundisisa, ukuyigcina, kunye nokuyithanda isinika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo lwenzululwazi nenkcubeko, kunye nokusikhumbuza ngoxanduva lwethu lokukhusela eli lifa lemveli lingenakubuyiselwa kwizizukulwana ezizayo.