I-Ficus benjamina: Isikhokelo esiGqibela kwiZifo, izitshabalalisi, iimpawu, kunye noNyango olusebenzayo lweFicus esempilweni, enamandla

I-Ficus benjamina sesinye sezona zityalo zidumileyo ngaphakathi nakwigadi zasezidolophini, kwaye ukuyigcina isempilweni kufuna ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo kwezona zifo zixhaphakileyo, iimpawu zazo, kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kwimeko nganye. Ngesi sikhokelo sibanzi kunye nesihlaziyiweyo, uya kufumanisa ngokweenkcukacha indlela yokuchonga, ukuthintela, kunye nokunyanga zonke izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo ezinokuchaphazela i-Ficus benjamina yakho, kunye nezizathu zokusingqongileyo kunye nezomzimba ezichaphazela amandla ayo. Ulwazi lutyetyiswe ngeengcebiso ezisebenzayo ezivela kwiingcali, iiforam zabasebenzisi, kunye nezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo ziinjineli zezolimo, ukuze ungashiyi nto ngamabona-ndenzile kwaye ugcine i-ficus yakho ikwimeko egqibeleleyo.

Izifo eziphambili kunye nezinambuzane ze-Ficus benjamina: ukuchongwa, iimpawu, kunye nonyango olusebenzayo

El UFicus benjamina Sisityalo esixatyiswe kakhulu ngokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo, kodwa akukho ngaphandle kweengxaki zaso. Nangona ithande ukomelela, iyachaphazeleka kuluhlu lwezifo zokungunda kunye nebhaktiriya, kunye nezinambuzane kunye nezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, ezinokuwenza buthathaka kwaye zibangele nokufa ukuba ayilungiswanga ngokukhawuleza.

Ngezantsi, sichaza nzulu zonke izigulo ezinokukuchaphazela, ukuba uzibona njani, iindlela zokuthintela, kunye nezisombululo ezingcono zonyango, zombini kunye neekhemikhali.

1. Isigcawu esibomvu (UTetranychus urticae)

Isigcawu esibomvu sesinye seentshaba eziphambili zeficus, ngakumbi ngexesha lentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni kwiindawo ezomileyo nezifudumeleyo. Yintakumba encinci, ebomvu okanye e-orenji efunxa incindi emagqabini kwaye ivelise iintambo ezincinci.

• Iimpawu: Amagqabi anamachokoza atyheli, iindawo ezibuthuntu, amagqabi amatsha abuthuntu, ubukho beentambo zentambo ingakumbi kumzantsi.
• Iziphumo: Ubuthathaka ngokubanzi, ukuwa kwamagqabi ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nokulahlekelwa ngamandla.
• Uthintelo: Gcina ukufuma okwaneleyo kwendawo ngokutshiza amanzi rhoqo, ngakumbi ehlotyeni.
• Unyango: Tshaza ngamanzi yonke imihla. Ukuba uhlaselo lunzima, sebenzisa i-acaricide ethile okanye usebenzise amayeza asekhaya afana nesepha ye-potassium ehlanjululweyo, usoloko uqinisekisa ukuba uhlamba izinambuzane emva koko ukuphepha i-phytotoxicity.

Ingcebiso yebhonasi: Unyango olulolunye lwebhayoloji kunye neekhemikhali ukuba isitshabalalisi siyaqhubeka, kwaye ususe ngesandla amagqabi achaphazeleke kakhulu.

2. Isikali somqamelo welaphu kunye nesikali sekhaka (Pseudococci y Lepidosaphes gloverii)

I-Mealybugs zibonwa ngenkangeleko yazo njengemhlophe (umqamelo we-cottony) okanye i-brown (ikhaka) crusts emagqabini, kwiziqu, kunye namasebe. Bavelisa into encangathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-honeydew, ekhuthaza ukuvela kwe-sooty mold.

• Iimpawu: Amagqabi ancangathi, ubukho bamaxolo okanye i-cottony mass, amachokoza okungunda amnyama, amagqabi ajike umbala kunye nokucotha ukukhula.
• Iziphumo: Ubuthathaka, ukuwa kwamagqabi amakhulu, ukubonakala kwefungi yesibini.
• Uthintelo: Ukuhlolwa rhoqo, ukucocwa kwamagqabi ngamaxesha, ukuphepha uxinzelelo lwembalela okanye ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza.
• Unyango: Susa i-mealybugs ngesandla ngomqhaphu ofakwe kwi-methylated spirits okanye amanzi anesepha, kwaye usebenzise isitshabalalisi esikhethekileyo senkqubo yohlaselo olumandla. Ngaphakathi, isepha ye-potassium kunye ne-oyile ye-neem zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zihambelana nokusingqongileyo.

Isilumkiso sezempilo: Ukuba kusetyenziswa imichiza, thatha amanyathelo okhuseleko angaphezulu xa kukho abantwana okanye izilwanyana zasekhaya.

3. Iintwala (I-Aphididae)

Iintwala zizinambuzane ezincinci ezihlasela kakhulu amagqabi athambileyo kunye namagqabi asemancinci. Zikhupha i-honeydew, ekhuthaza ukukhula kwe-sooty mold kwaye itsale iimbovane.

• Iimpawu: Amagqabi agobileyo, akhubazekileyo, ancangathi, ukulahleka kokutsha, ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama (indawo emnyama).
• Uthintelo: Yandisa umoya wokungena komoya, uphephe isichumiso senitrogen esigqithisileyo, ulawulo lwebhayoloji ngeladybugs kunye nelacewings ukuba kunokwenzeka.
• Unyango: Coca amagqabi ngamanzi kunye nesepha ye-potassium okanye usebenzise i-insecticide ethile kwiintsholongwane ezinzima. Ukuba isitshabalalisi siyazingisa, unyango olulolunye ukuthintela ukuxhathisa.

Ingcebiso yebhonasi: Ukuba zininzi iimbovane, zisuse ukuze ulawule kakuhle iimbovane.

4. Iihambo (Gynaikothrips ficorum)

I-Thrips sisitshabalalisi esixhaphakileyo, ngakumbi entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni nakwimozulu eshushu. Abantu abadala bancinci, 2,5 ukuya kwi-3,5 mm, kwaye kunokubangela umonakalo obonakalayo kumagqabi amancinci.

• Iimpawu: Amagqabi amatsha azigoqe emile okwesingxobo, amachokoza amfusa kwicala elingaphantsi, ukugobeka kunye nenyongo, ukuwa kwamagqabi ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nokukhubazeka kokukhula.
• Uthintelo: Ukuhlola rhoqo, khuthaza ukungena komoya kunye nokukhanya, kwaye uphephe iindawo ezifumileyo kakhulu nezinomthunzi.
• Unyango: Susa kwaye utshabalalise amagqabi achaphazelekayo. Faka i-oyile e-emulsifiable kunye ne-systemic insecticides, ukumanzisa ngokucokisekileyo zonke iindawo zesityalo. Phinda unyango emva kweentsuku ezi-7-10. Ezinye izithako ezisebenzayo ukuthintela ukuxhathisa. Njengolawulo lwebhayoloji, yazisa iintshaba zendalo (i-Orius sp., izinambuzane ezihlaselayo, izigcawu, kunye namangolwane).

Inyaniso ebalulekileyo: Iithrips zihlala zisebenza unyaka wonke kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo.

5. Inyongo yentamo (IAgrobacterium tumefaciens)

I-neck gall sisifo esibi kakhulu kwaye singenakuguqulwa. Ibangela ukubunjwa kwamathumba kwisiseko sesiqu kunye neengcambu, ngokuqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nomhlaba ongenamanzi okanye ongekho kakuhle.

• Iimpawu: Ukujiya emazantsi esiqu (entanyeni), amathumba abonakalayo kwaye aqina, ukukhula okungahambi kakuhle kunye nokufa kwesityalo.
• Uthintelo: Gwema ukunkcenkceshela, sebenzisa i-substrate yokukhupha kakuhle, yenza inzalo izixhobo, kwaye ugweme amanxeba kwinkqubo yeengcambu.
• Unyango: Alukho unyango. Ukuba i-ficus isuleleke, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokususa isityalo kunye ne-substrate yayo, ukuphepha ukutyala i-ficus entsha kwindawo enye ubuncinane ngonyaka.

6. Umngundo wamagqabi: I-anthracnose, eCorynespora kunye noRoya

Izifo zokungunda ze-Foliar zingenzeka ngeendlela ezininzi:

• I-anthracnoseColletotrichum): Amabala anomhlwa okanye amdaka emacaleni amagqabi kunye neziqu ezinamaqhuqhuva ashwabeneyo. Susa kwaye utshise amagqabi kunye neziqu ezichaphazelekayo, bulala iintsholongwane, kwaye unyange ngesibulala-zinambuzane esibanzi.
• eCorynespora: Amabala amnyama, angqukuva kunye nomda olula. Isenokubangela ukuwa kwamagqabi kakhulu. Susa amagqabi awosulelekileyo, phucula umoya, kwaye ugalele umchiza wokungunda.
• Umhlwa: Isetyhula, amabala angenakujikwa anxulumene nokufuma okugqithisileyo. Susa amagqabi achaphazelekayo, phucula umoya, kwaye ugalele isibulali zinambuzane.

Iingcebiso zobungcali: Kwizityalo ezichaphazeleke kakhulu, zithene ngococeko ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo kwaye unyange ngemichiza yokungunda enobuhlobo kwezinye izilwanyana ezincinci.

7. Gqirha (ngundo sooty)

Esi sifo sokungunda asihlaseli ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa sibonakala kwi-honeydew ekhutshwe zizinambuzane ezifana ne-mealybugs kunye ne-aphids. Ijongwa njenge umaleko omnyama, oncangathi emagqabini, ethintela iphotosynthesis kwaye ifuthanise izicubu zezityalo.

• Iimpawu: Amagqabi amnyama, ancangathi, ane-sooty kunye nokuphelelwa ngamandla kunye nokukhazimla.
• Unyango: Susa izinambuzane kwaye uhlambe amagqabi ngamanzi anesepha, usebenzisa amalaphu afumileyo okanye izipontshi ezithambileyo.

Iingxaki zePhysiological kunye nezifo zibonwa kumagqabi eFicus benjamina

Amagqabi eFicus benjamina luphawu oluhle kakhulu lwempilo kunye nesimo somzimba wesityalo. Ngokubonakala kwayo, kunokwenzeka ukutolika iintsilelo, ukugqithisa, okanye ukonakaliswa kwendalo, kunye nokuxilonga izinambuzane nezifo.

Iimpawu eziphambili zesilumkiso emagqabini

• Amagqabi amthubi: Ibangelwa kukunkcenkceshela (i-root asphyxiation), ukungabikho kwentsimbi (iron chlorosis), ukungabikho kokukhanya kwelanga, okanye ukulungelelanisa emva kokutshintsha indawo. Kwakhona uphawu lokuqala lwezinambuzane ezibomvu zesigcawu okanye uhlaselo lomngundo ngamaxesha athile.
• amaphepha amnyama: Idityaniswa nefungi njenge-anthracnose kunye ne-sooty mold, kodwa kunye nomonakalo obandayo okanye iqabaka. Amagqabi amnyama ahlala emile kwaye e-brittle kwaye kufuneka asuswe ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane.
• Amagqabi aneengcebiso ezomileyo: Zibonisa ukuvezwa kwidrafti, imimoya enamandla, okanye iindawo ezomileyo nezishushu kakhulu. Zikwaxhaphakile ngenxa yesichumiso esigqithisileyo okanye ukunkcenkceshela ngamanzi anzima kakhulu.
• Amagqabi ashwabeneyo, ajingayo, okanye abuthuntu: Uphawu lokuxinzezeleka kwamanzi, ukungalingani kwesondlo, utshintsho ngokukhawuleza kwindawo okanye ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane (isigcawu esibomvu, i-thrips).
• Amagqabi ancangathi: Ubukho be-honeydew, isibonakaliso esicacileyo se-mealybug okanye i-aphid infestation.

Iimpazamo zokuphatha eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo zazo

• Ukuwa kwegqabi emva kokutshintsha indawo: Okuqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuhamba okanye indawo entsha, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "syndrome entsha yendlu." Kunqabile ukuba iguqulwe ukuba isityalo sigcinwe kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo.
• Ilanga ngqo kunye nokutsha: Amagqabi aphuhla amachokoza amdaka kunye neencam ezomileyo xa evezwe lilanga elithe ngqo, ngakumbi ngaphakathi endlini. Ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kodwa okuhluziweyo kufanelekile.
• Ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo: I-substrate kufuneka yome phakathi kokunkcenkceshela. Amagqabi ajike atyheli kwaye ukukhula kukhula.
• Ukunqongophala kwesichumisi: I-iron ephantsi, i-nitrogen okanye i-potassium intake ibonakalisa kwi-chlorosis kunye nobuthathaka jikelele.

Ukutolikwa okuchanekileyo kwezi mpawu kukuvumela ukuba usebenze ngexesha lokubuyisela impilo ye-ficus.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo ngeFicus benjamina

Ngokusekelwe kumava abathandi kunye neengcali kwiiforamu zegadi, siye saqulunqa Ezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo zixelwe kunye nezisombululo zazo:

1. Ificus yam ngequbuliso iphulukana namagqabi amaninzi aluhlaza: Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo kukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwendawo, ukunkcenkceshela, okanye ukufika kobusika. Ukuba amagqabi awela impilo kwaye isityalo siqhubeka sihluma, sihlala sibuyela ngokwaso.
2. Amagqabi anamachokoza amdaka embindini: Ilanga elithe ngqo ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukungabikho kokufuma. Nika isibane esihluziweyo kwaye utshize rhoqo.
3. Imbonakalo ebuthuntu, amagqabi abunile kwaye abuthuntu: I-substrate ephelelweyo, imfuno yokutshintshwa okanye ukunqongophala kwesondlo.
4. Amasebe awoma ngokuthe ngcembe: Kungaba ngamagatsha amadala, umonakalo ovela ekutheneni okungafanelekanga, ukuhlaselwa kwe-vascular fungal, okanye i-root root balling. Sika amasebe achaphazelekayo kwaye uwafake kwakhona xa kukho imfuneko.
5. Amagqabi ancangathi anamabala amnyama: I-Mealybug okanye i-aphid infestation. Phatha ngokucoca amagqabi kunye nokusebenzisa unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ukuthintela kunye nokunyamekela ukuphepha izifo kunye nezinambuzane kwi-Ficus benjamina

I-ficus enempilo kwaye enamandla ixhathisa ngakumbi kuzo zonke iintlobo zezinambuzane kunye nezifo. Nazi ezona zenzo zogcino zingcono:

• Unkcenkceshelo: Musa ukunkcenkceshela ngaphezu kwesinye okanye kabini ngeveki ehlotyeni kwaye zonke iintsuku ezi-1-2 ebusika. Lindela de i-substrate iphantse yome ngaphambi kokunkcenkceshela kwakhona.
• Umbhalisi: Isichumisi sezityalo ezinamagqabi aluhlaza rhoqo ngeentsuku ezili-15 entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, kunye nentsimbi yokongeza kanye ngenyanga ukukhusela i-chlorosis.
• Ukukhanya: Utyhileko oluqaqambileyo, kodwa luhlala lungaphandle kwilanga elithe ngqo ukunqanda ukutshisa amagqabi.
• Ubushushu: Gcina phakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-24 ° C, ukuphepha ukuyila kunye nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukufuma: Tfutha amagqabi, ngakumbi ngexesha lasehlotyeni kwaye ukuba kushushu, ebusika, ukunciphisa ingozi yezigcawu.
• Ukufakelwa kwakhona: Nyaka ngamnye, phinda uyibeke kwimbiza enkulu kancinane okanye ubuyisele umaleko ophezulu we-substrate kwiisampulu ezinkulu.
• Ukuprintwa: Ukuthenwa rhoqo kwamasebe esiphelo ukugcina ukuxinana kwamagqabi kunye nokuphepha ukudibana kwe-latex nesikhumba okanye izilwanyana zasekhaya.
• Ukubek' esweni: Ngamaxesha athile jonga amagqabi kunye neziqu ukuze uphendule ngokukhawuleza kuphawu oluncinci lwezinambuzane okanye izifo.

Umahluko phakathi kwezifo ze-biotic kunye ne-physiological: indlela yokwahlula

Kwi-Ficus benjamina zingenzeka amaqela amabini amakhulu eengxaki:

• I-Biotics: Izinambuzane (izinambuzane, amantshontsho) kunye nezifo ezibangelwa ngumngundo, ibhaktheriya, okanye iintsholongwane, ezisasazeka kwaye zihlala zishiya iimpawu ezicacileyo njengamabala, inyongo, i-honeydew, i-discoloration, okanye i-necrosis. Ngokuchonga okuthe ngqo ngakumbi, bona kwakhona Kutheni amagqabi eficus ewa?.
• Physiological: Ibangelwa yimeko yokusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo: ukunkcenkceshela okanye ukunkcenkceshela, utshintsho lobushushu ngesiquphe, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwesichumiso, ukutshintshwa, ukukhanya kwelanga okanye ukungabikho kokukhanya, iidrafti, okanye ukufuma okuphantsi. Ukuze ufunde ukuphepha ezi ngxaki, khangela Indlela yokunyamekela i-Ficus variegata.

Isitshixo ku-a ukuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ipateni yeempawu: ukuba zivela kumagqabi ambalwa kwaye zikhatshwa zizinambuzane okanye ukhoko, zi-biotic. Ukuba zichaphazela isityalo sonke kwaye zihambelana notshintsho kwindawo okanye kwimozulu, zinokwenzeka ukuba zezendalo.

Izisombululo zendalo kunye nezendalo zokulwa nezinambuzane kunye nezifo kwiFicus benjamina

Kubantu abanomdla wokuzilibazisa abakhetha ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza okubulala izinambuzane kwindawo yasekhaya, kukho ezininzi iindlela ezisebenza kakhulu ze-ikholoji:

• Isepha yePotassium: Dibanisa i-5 ml ngelitha yamanzi kwaye utshize amagqabi kunye neziqu ezichaphazelekayo. Ilungele ukulwa nentwala kunye nezinambuzane zesikali esithambileyo.
• Ioli yeNeem: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Foliar kwizitshabalalisi ezizingisileyo. Inempembelelo yokugxotha kunye ne-insecticidal. Iyahambelana nolunye unyango lwebhayoloji.
• Utywala beMethyl: Gxisa ibhola yomqhaphu kwaye uhlikihle i-mealybugs nganye nganye ukuze uyisuse.
• Ulawulo lwebhayoloji: Ukwazisa i-ladybugs, ii-lacewings, kunye ne-predatory bugs ukugcina i-aphids kunye ne-thrips bay kwiigadi kunye ne-terraces.
• Ukuthena okucocekileyo: Susa kwaye utshabalalise amagqabi kunye namasebe achaphazeleke kakhulu, soloko ubulala iintsholongwane izixhobo ngaphambi nasemva kokusetyenziswa.

Uthelekiso kunye neeprofayili zenye i-ficus ecetyiswayo ukunciphisa iingxaki

Ukuba ukhangele izityalo ezingakhuselekanga kwizinambuzane okanye izifo, qwalasela ezinye iintlobo ze-ficus zangaphakathi:

• UFicus elastica (umthi werabha): Yomelele, inamagqabi amakhulu, amenyezelayo, imelana neendawo ezomileyo ngcono.
• Ficus retusa: Uchaphazeleka kancinci kwithrips kunye ne-mealybugs, ifanelekile njengebhonsai eqalayo.
• I-Ficus lyrata (ifiddle-leaf fig): Ukuhlobisa kakhulu kunye nokuchasana nezona zinambuzane ziqhelekileyo.

Itheyibhile yesishwankathelo: Iimpawu, izizathu kunye noncedo lokuqala lweFicus benjamina

Ukuchumisa, ukutshintshwa, kunye nenkathalo ekhethekileyo ukuvuselela imithi yeficus enesifo

• Ukuchumisa: Sebenzisa isichumiso esikhethekileyo solwelo kwizityalo ezinamagqabi aluhlaza phakathi kwentwasahlobo nekwindla. Ukuba amagqabi ane-chlorotic okanye ukukhula akubi, dibana nogqirha. Indlela yokunkcenkceshela i-Ficus bonsai.
• Ukufakelwa kwakhona: Phinda ngembiza enkulu kwintlakohlaza nganye ukuba isityalo sizalise imbiza yangaphambili ngeengcambu. Ukuba i-ficus inkulu, tshintsha kuphela umaleko ongaphezulu womhlaba.
• Ukuchacha kwisigulo: Nciphisa ukunkcenkceshela ngexesha lokuchacha, susa iindawo ezonakaliswe kakhulu, kwaye uphephe ukutshintshwa okanye izichumisi ezinamandla de zihlume ngamandla kwakhona.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zokuphepha kunye neengcebiso zeengcali

1. Ukunkcenkceshela ngamanzi abandayo: Ingonakalisa iingcambu kwaye ibangele ukuwa kwamagqabi. Sebenzisa amanzi rhoqo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.
2. Isichumiso esigqithisileyo: Ibangela ukutsha kwamagqabi kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi. Ngalo lonke ixesha ulandela imiyalelo yomenzi.
3. Indawo kufuphi nendawo yokufudumeza okanye i-air conditioning: Umoya owomileyo ukhuthaza iintwala zesigcawu ezibomvu kwaye usenza buthathaka isityalo.
4. Ukutshiza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi: Inokukhuthaza ukungunda, ukutshiza kuphela ukuba ubushushu buzinzile kwaye bushushu.
5. Ukuthena ebusika: Oku kunokubangela ukulahleka kwencindi kunye nokukhula kancinci. Ukuthena kwenziwa kakuhle entwasahlobo okanye xa i-ficus ikhula ngokusebenzayo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo sokuKhathalela iFicus Variegata: Ukhathalelo, iZitshabalalisi, kunye neeNgcebiso zokuKhula okuKhethekileyo.