Izityalo Ezichumayo kwiMihlaba eneAcidi: Iintlobo eziGqibeleleyo kunye neSikhokelo sokuKhathalela

Ubusazi na ukuba uhlobo lomhlaba okwigadi yakho lunokwenza umahluko phakathi kwendawo echumileyo, enemibalabala okanye enqabileyo, izityalo ezisokolayo? izityalo zemihlaba yeasidi, ezaziwa njengezityalo ze-acidophilic, zizinto eziphilayo ezinomdla ezifuna iimeko ezikhethekileyo ukuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo amandla azo. Kweli nqaku libanzi, fumana yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nemihlaba eneasidi, iintlobo zezityalo ezifanelene kakhulu nezi ndawo, indlela yokuchonga kunye nokulungisa ubumuncu bomhlaba, kunye neemfuno zokhathalelo olubalulekileyo lwegadi ebukekayo egcwele umbala kunye nobomi.

Yintoni umhlaba oneasidi kwaye kutheni kubalulekile ukuwuqonda?

La umhlaba oneasidi Luhlobo lomhlaba one-pH engaphantsi kwe-7. Eli nqanaba le-asidi linokwenziwa ngokwemvelo ngokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, impembelelo yemvula ye-asidi, okanye ngenxa yokubunjwa kweeminerali kwi-subsoil, ecebileyo kwizinto ezifana negranite. I-pH yomhlaba imisela ubukho bezondlo kwizityalo, ngakumbi iiminerali ezifana nentsimbi kunye ne-magnesium. Xa i-pH iphantsi, ezinye izityalo zikwazi ukufikelela lula kwizondlo ezibalulekileyo, zibonisa imibala ebukhali kunye nokukhula okunamandla. Kwelinye icala, i-pH enganelanga inokubangela i-chlorosis, ukukhula okudodobalayo, kunye nokungaqhubi kakuhle kweentyatyambo.

Eminye imimandla ityebile ngakumbi kumhlaba oneasidi, njengenxalenye esemantla yePeninsula yase-Iberia, apho imozulu efumileyo, enemozulu epholileyo kunye nemvula eninzi ithanda olu hlobo lomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezinemozulu eyomileyo kunye nomhlaba we-calcareous, iasidi ihlala iphantsi, nto leyo enyanzela abalimi ukuba bayilungelelanise ukukhula kwezityalo ezine-acidophilic.

Izityalo eziphambili ze-acidophilic kwigadi yakho

Ayizizo zonke izityalo ezinezidingo zomhlaba ezifanayo. Ezi ntlobo zilandelayo ziyimizekelo ye izityalo kumhlaba oneasidi enganyamezeli kuphela olu hlobo lwe-substrate, kodwa eneneni idinga ukuba iphumelele:

• I-Rhododendrons kunye neAzaleas (Rhododendron spp.)Zidlala ngeenkwenkwezi kwimiyezo ebukekayo eneentyantyambo zazo zasentwasahlobo. Bakhetha umhlaba ogqwethiweyo kakuhle otyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo, ukukhusela iingcambu zabo ezibuthathaka ekomeni nasekukhanyeni kwelanga.
• IiCamellias (Camellia japonica, C. sasanqua)I-evergreen eneentyantyambo eziethe-ethe, ifunxa izondlo, ngakumbi i-iron, ngcono kumhlaba oneasidi. Zinika umbala ukusuka ekupheleni kwekwindla ukuya entwasahlobo.
• IiHydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla): Isalathisi esiyinyaniso se-pH: iintyatyambo zayo zinokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwimihlaba ene-acidic kunye nepinki okanye i-lilac kumhlaba ongathathi hlangothi okanye we-alkaline.
• iimaphu zaseJapan (Acer palmatum, A. japonicum, A. rubrum): Idume ngombala wayo wokuwa omangalisayo, le mithi mincinci ifanelekile kwiigadi ezinomthunzi kunye ne-loamy kwimihlaba eneasidi.
• UHeathers (Erica spp., Calluna spp.): Amatyholo amancinci aneentyantyambo ezininzi, ayimfuneko kwigadi yasendle okanye njengokhuselo lomhlaba olukwaziyo ukubanda.
• IGardenias (iGardenia jasminoides): Ientyantyambo zayo ezimhlophe ezinevumba elimnandi ziyakhazimla kunye ne-perfume terraces kunye ne-flowerbed kwi-semi-shade, ngaphandle kokuba umhlaba une-acidic kakhulu kwaye ukufuma kuphezulu.
• Magnolias (iMagnolia soulangeana, M. grandiflora): Imithi emikhulu okanye amatyholo aneentyatyambo ezintle, efuna umhlaba oneasidi nendawo eninzi ukuze akhule. Ulwazi oluthe vetshe ngezihlahla zemihlaba eneasidi.
• Eburnea (Gaultheria procumbens): I-subshrub egqunywe phantsi, enamagqabi ahlala eluhlaza kunye namaqunube abomvu, alungele iikona ezifumileyo kunye ne-acidic.
• Clerodendron (Clerodendrum trichotomum): Ukususela kwi-shrub ukuya kumthi omncinci, ivelele kwiintyatyambo zayo zangaphambili zasehlotyeni kunye namajikijolo okuhlobisa.
• Igqwirha (Hamamelis mollis): Ngeentyatyambo zasebusika ezibonisa kakhulu, inika umbala ngamaxesha abandayo.
• I-Kalmia (Kalmia latifolia), ILeucothoe (Leucothoe fontanesiana), UPieris (uPieris japonica) y Skimmia (Skimmia japonica): Onke amalungu entsapho yase-Ericaceae, aneentyantyambo ezinomdla kunye namahlamvu anemibala.

Ezi ntlobo zenza kube lula ukuyila i-flowerbeds emangalisayo, ukudibanisa imizekelo yombala omnye okanye ukuxuba i-shades kunye nenkangeleko kuxhomekeke kwindawo ekhoyo, ubude kunye nexesha leentyantyambo.

Ezinye izityalo zomhlaba ezineasidi ezibalulekileyo

• Imithi yeziqhamo efana neblueberries, iziqhamo zesitrasi, iipersimmons, iiavokhado, okanye ikiwis: Zifuna umhlaba oneasidi kakhulu ukuze ziphuhlise kwaye zithintele imiqobo yesondlo.
• Iiferns kunye nezityalo zangaphakathiUninzi lweentlobo zetropiki okanye umthunzi zikhula kakuhle kwi-substrate ene-asidi kancinane.
• Iinyibiba zaseJapan, icyclamens kunye ne-astilbes: Bazisa iintyatyambo kwiikona ezipholileyo nezifumileyo zegadi.
• IiCamellias kunye neCape jasmines: Uvelwano kakhulu kwimihlaba ye-calcareous, apho babonisa ngokukhawuleza iimpawu ze-chlorosis kunye nophuhliso olubi.

Ukuchongwa kwe-pH kunye neendlela zokulungisa umhlaba

Inyathelo lokuqala kwimpumelelo ngezityalo acidophilic yazi i-pH yomhlaba. Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa:

• Iikhithi zokulinganisa i-pH: Ifumaneka kwii-nursery kunye neevenkile zegadi, zilula kakhulu kwaye zithembekile.
• Iphepha leLitmus: Xuba indawo enye yomhlaba kunye namanzi amabini adiyiweyo, yithi nkxu umcu phakathi, kwaye ujonge umbala. Ubomvu bubonisa ubumuncu.
• Iindlela zasekhayaYongeza amathontsi ambalwa eviniga kumhlaba omanzi. Ukuba i-fizzes, i-alkaline; ukuba akunjalo, inokuba ne-asidi okanye ingathathi hlangothi.

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba igadi yakho i-alkaline kwaye uceba ukutyala i-acidophilus, unokwenza ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Ukutshintsha i-substrate: Susa i-40 cm yomhlaba kwaye ugcwalise nge-chestnut, i-heather okanye i-acid substrates yorhwebo.
2. Ukulungiswa komhlaba okanye ukwenziwa kweasidiXuba i-blond peat (i-pH ephantsi), umgquba wamagqabi, okanye iinaliti zompayini kwindawo yokutyala. Phinda njalo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3 ukugcina i-asidi.

Zombini ezimbizeni nasegadini, ukusetyenziswa kwe pine bark mulch Inceda ukugcina umswakama kwaye igcine i-pH ephantsi. Ngaphaya koko, ukunkcenkceshela ngamanzi aqinileyo (calcareous) kwandisa ialkalinity ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uwatshintshe ngamanzi emvula okanye amanzi aneasidi.

Indlela yokwenza iasidi emanzini okunkcenkceshela kunye nokuthintela i-chlorosis

La intsimbi chlorosis Le yingxaki eqhelekileyo kwizityalo ze-acidophilic: amagqabi amancinci ajika abe tyheli, nokuba imithambo ihlala iluhlaza. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba i-iron ekhoyo emhlabeni ayifunxwa sisityalo kwi-pH ephezulu. Ukuthintela oku:

• I-Acidify amanzi okunkcenkceshela kunye ne-citric acid (i-tablespoon enye ilitha nganye kwiimbiza, ukulungelelanisa i-pH ukuya kwi-5), ngokutshintshana namanzi alula.
• Kwiigadi, amanzi kanye ngenyanga ngesisombululo se-iron sulfate (uhlala ulandela imiyalelo yemveliso, malunga ne-3-4 g / L).
• Kwiindawo ezinkulu, unokusasaza i-iron sulfate granules emhlabeni kanye ngonyaka.
• Faka isicelo I-iron chelate ngokugalelwa ngamagqabi okanye kumanzi okunkcenkceshela ukulungisa ngokukhawuleza i-chlorosis kwimizekelo echaphazelekayo.

Xa usebenzisa ezi mveliso, landela iidosi ezicetyiswayo kwaye ungasebenzisi i-chelates kunye ne-iron sulfate kwiveki enye. Gcina iliso kwi-pH yomhlaba ukukhulula ezinye i-micronutrients kwaye ugweme iityuwa ezingaphezulu komhlaba okanye izitya.

Ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo lwezityalo ze-acidophilic

Ukongeza kwi-acidic substrate, i indawo kunye nokunkcenkceshela zingundoqo kwimpumelelo yegadi yakho acidophilus:

• Uninzi lukhetha semi-isithunzi okanye ukukhanya okuhluziweyo, ukuphepha ilanga elitshisayo kunye nomthunzi opheleleyo.
• Kwiimozulu ezibandayo, kunqande ukuba sesichengeni sasempuma ukunqanda ukunyibilika ngesiquphe emva kweqabaka.
• Nkcenkceshela rhoqo, ngaphandle kokukhukula, usebenzisa amanzi athambileyo okanye aneasidi.
• Gcoba ngeemveliso ezithile ze-acidophiles, ezizityebi kwi-micronutrients kunye ne-organic (humus, compost, peat blond).
• Kwimihlaba engekho mgangathweni, yongeza i-compost (izinto eziphilayo ezibolile kakuhle) ezixutywe kunye neenaliti zepine okanye i-pine bark.
• Jonga iimpawu zokunqongophala kwesondlo: amagqabi abe tyheli, ukungaqhubi kweentyatyambo, ukukhula kancinci.

Kwi-flowerbeds, hlanganisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa imibala eyahlukeneyo kunye neentyantyambo ezinqabileyo unyaka wonke. Xa utyala kwiigadi ezincinci, beka phambili iintlobo ezixineneyo kwaye ubeke ezona sampuli zide ngasemva okanye embindini.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo

• Ayizizo zonke izityalo ezinyamezela inqanaba elifanayo le-asidi; khangela iimfuno zabo ezithile.
• Kuphephe ukutyala izityalo ezithanda iasidi kwimihlaba enekalika egqithisileyo (pH ngaphezulu kwe-7.5), ngaphandle kokuba utshintshe kakhulu i-substrate.
• Chuba phambi kokuqhawuka kwamahluma kwiintlobo ezivuthulukayo ukuqinisekisa amandla entlakohlaza.
• Khusela iintlobo ezingevayo yiqabaka (iiazaleas, gardenias) ngeengubo ezishushu, amakhadibhodi, okanye iindawo ezikhuselweyo.
• Ukugcina iasidi, hlaziya i-mulch ngamaxesha athile kwaye wongeze izinto eziphilayo.

Izityalo ezingahambelaniyo nomhlaba we-alkaline okanye i-calcareous

Kukho iintlobo, ezibizwa iicalcifuges, engayinyamezeliyo imihlaba ye-alkaline kwaye ihlupheke kakhulu phambi kwe-lime. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Imithi: i-birch, i-fir yesilivere, i-oki ye-cork, i-chestnut, i-eucalyptus ebomvu, i-oki ebomvu, phakathi kwabanye.
• Imithi yeziqhamo: iblueberry, avokhado, persimmon, kiwi, papaya.
• Izihlahla: iMaple yaseJapan, azalea, heather, camellia, gardenia, hydrangea, magnolia, pieris, rhododendron.
• Izityalo ze-Herbaceous: i-ferns, i-astilbe, i-lily yentlambo, i-cyclamen, i-lupine; ijuncus acutus, phakathi kwabanye.

Ukuba umhlaba wakho une-calcareous, khetha iintlobo ezixhathisayo, sebenzisa iziphunzi ezifanelekileyo zeengcambu, okanye wenze ngokucokisekileyo ukutshintshwa kwesubstrate.

Indlela yokulinganisa i-pH yomhlaba ekhaya?

Ukuba awunayo imitha, ungenza uvavanyo lweviniga ekhaya: xuba amanzi adibeneyo kunye nomhlaba de wenze udaka kwaye wongeze iviniga. Ukuba umxube uyafa, umhlaba une-alkaline; ukuba ayitshintshi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayinacala okanye ineasidi. Ukufumana ixabiso elichanekileyo, iikhithi ze-pH zihlala ziyinketho ethembekileyo kunye neyoqoqosho.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa malunga nokukhathalela izityalo ze-acidophilic

• Ndingayifumana i-acidophilus kuyo nayiphi na indawo? Ewe, ngononophelo olufanelekileyo: ukongeza izinto eziphilayo, ukulungiswa kwe-pH, kunye nokunkcenkceshela okulawulwayo.
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuba i-pH ithande ukunyuka ngokuhamba kwexesha? Phinda i-mulching nge-pine bark, uhlaziye i-peat e-blond kwaye ulungelelanise ukunkcenkceshela.
• Ndiyithintela njani i-chlorosis? Faka i-chelates okanye i-iron sulfate kwaye ugcine i-pH ingaphantsi kwe-6.5.
• Ngaba izityalo ze-acidophilus zifuna ukufuma okuninzi? Uninzi lwenjenjalo, ngoko ke amanzi ngokucokisekileyo ngexesha elifudumeleyo kwaye ugcine umhlaba uthambile kwaye ufumile, kodwa ugweme ukugcwala kwamanzi.

Ukulinywa kwezityalo okunempumelelo kwimihlaba eneasidi kuxhomekeke ekuqondeni nasekuhlonipheni iimfuno ezithile zohlobo ngalunye, ukugcina inqanaba le-pH elizinzileyo, kunye nokulungelelanisa ukhathalelo lwemozulu yendawo. Ngala manyathelo, isitiya sakho okanye ithafa linokuba yindawo ye-oasis yombala, ivumba, kunye nobomi, ezaliswe ziintlobo ezizodwa eziya kusokola ukukhula kumhlaba oqhelekileyo.