Sibuyela kwakhona ukuze sinikezele ukungena kuhlobo oluthileKwaye yeyiphi indlela engcono yokuqalisa kunomnye wemithi efakwe kwiingcambu zenkqubo ye-Expo 92. Namhlanje sithetha nge Tabebuia spp.
Ingumthi ongaphambi kokuba i-Seville Expo yayingaxhaphakanga eSpeyin njengokuba kunjalo ngoku, nangona kunjalo baziwa kakhulu kumazwe abasuka kuwo. Yiyo loo nto ibingumthi othunyelwe ngamazwe aliqela ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ye-Expo92 Roots. Ezinye zeentlobo zazisele zaziwa kwi IItary Islands, apho ziqhelana kakuhle neendawo ezipholileyo ezingenayo iqabaka.
Inkqubo yeengcambu
Kule nkqubo yokufakwa kweentlobo zezilwanyana, IParaguay yathumela iindidi ezimbini zeTabebuiaOmnye wabo, i-tajy, ngumthi wabo wesizwe. IParaguay ibe negalelo Tabebuia impetiginosa (namhlanje yamkelwe njenge I-Handroanthus impetiginosus), yaziwa njenge tajy, kwaye I-Tabebuia pentaphylla, fowuni tay hu. I-Argentina yathumela el lapacho epinki (Handroanthus avellanedae). Ezi ntlobo zaqala ukungeniswa eSpain njengenxalenye yotshintshiselwano lwezityalo.
Kwakhona IBrazil yathumela iTabebuia: Handroanthus heptaphyllus (ngaphambili Tabebuia heptaphylla), yaziwa njenge pink ipeyi, umthi onamaxolo angwevu-mdaka kunye iintyatyambo ezinkulu ezipinki-mfusa nto leyo namhlanje eyimbekiselo yokuhlobisa kwizixeko ezininzi ezikweleenjiko.
Umntu waseMelika
Isini tabebuia Ibandakanya iintlobo zemithi okanye amatyholo azalelwa kwi indawo ye-intertropical yaseMelikaukusuka EMexico naseCaribbean ukuya kwimimandla yoMzantsi Melika ezifana IParaguay, iBolivia, i-Ecuador kunye namantla eArgentinaEzinye zeentlobo ngokwesiko ezibekwe eTabebuia zahlulwa kuhlobo Handroanthus, yingakho kuqhelekile ukufumana amanye amagama ngokomthombo wetaxonomic.
Ngabaka Usapho lweBignoniaceae (isizwe saseTecomeae). Kwiimozulu ezifanelekileyo banokufikelela kubukhulu obukhulu kwaye badume dubula ngobuninzi, ngokuqhelekileyo xa umthi ungenamagqabi, udala impembelelo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo kwizitrato nakwiipaki.
Iimpawu zeBotanical kunye ne-ecology
Uninzi lweTabebuia lunjalo ezinqunqa, ngamagqabi iintende zezandla ze-3 ukuya kwi-7 yamaphepha i-elliptical okanye i-oblong; kwiintlobo ezininzi, imiphetho ingaba ndimazinyo kancinci. I-inflorescences iqhelekile i-terminal panicles, kwaye iintyatyambo zibonisa iicorollas i-tubular okanye i-flared, kwiithowuni mhlophe, tyheli, pink, lilac okanye obomvu. Kwiintlobo ezifana T. roseaI-corollas inokulinganisa iisentimitha ezininzi kwaye ibe nomqala omthubi xa ivuliwe, ijika ijika ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Isiqhamo ngu capsule emide ukuba xa kuvulwa ukukhutshwa imbewu encinci, enamaphikoLe mofoloji iququzelela a ukusasazwa kwe-anemochoric esebenzayo, evumela umoya ukuba uthwale imbewu kude nomthi ongumama. ukudluliselwa kwepoleni ikakhulu ziinyosi, ezifumana incindi eninzi kwiintyatyambo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nommandla, iintyatyambo zenzeka ekupheleni kwexesha elomileyo okanye ekuqaleni kwexesha lemvula; kwimozulu yetropikhi isibini, ukubetha kwentyatyambo emfutshane kunokwenzeka. ixesha elide Ineminyaka emininzi ubudala kwaye ukukhula isuka phakathi ukuya ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo.
Ukulima kunye nokhathalelo
Imfuneko yeTabebuia imihlaba enzulu, isityebi kwi izinto eziphilayo kunye kunye umjelo olungileyo. Zikwaqhelanisa nee-substrates ezihlwempuzekileyo ukuba akukho zikhukula zinde. Bakhetha a pH phakathi kwe-5,5 kunye ne-7, kunye nokunyamezelana okuthile phakathi 4,5 kunye ne8,5.
Ifuna Imozulu eshushu ikhululekile kwiqabaka ephawulweyo. Uphuhliso lwayo luphezulu nge amaqondo obushushu ashushu, malunga ne-20-27 ºC, nakwiindawo ezine imvula enkulu kufutshane ne-1500 mm ngonyaka. Ezinye iintlobo ukunyamezela izikhukhula zamaxesha onyakaEkuphakameni, abaninzi bayachuma ukusuka kwimimandla yonxweme ukuya malunga ne-1600 m.
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzibeke kuzo iindawo ezikhuselweyo kwimimoya enamandla, njengoko amasebe anokuba brittle. Kwizixeko, babonisa okulungileyo ukunyamezela umsi kwaye inkqubo yayo yeengcambu iqhelekile profundo, okunciphisa iingxabano kunye neepavements ukuba indawo efanelekileyo ikhethiwe.
Umthunzi kunye neentyatyambo ezintle
Iindidi zodidi lweTabebuia ngamatyholo okanye imithi ye ukukhula kade ukuya phakathi, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha banokufikelela ubukhulu obukhulu, ngeekomityi ezibanzi loo projekthi umthunzi ogqwesileyoUninzi luyaqhakaza ngaphambi kokuba amagqabi aphume, nto leyo igxininisa isiphumo esibonakalayo yeentyantyambo.
Amagqabi, ngokuqhelekileyo waqhwaba izandla, baba negalelo amagqabi anomtsalane ngexesha lokukhula. Kwimbonakalo yomhlaba yasezidolophini zixatyiswe kakhulu ngenxa yazo Umbala omkhulu weentyatyambo kunye namandla ayo okudala iizembe zokuhombisa kwiindlela, izikwere kunye neepaki.
Ixabiso lokuhombisa kunye nokusetyenziswa
Bayimithi ene- iintyatyambo ezintle kunye nebheringi ebukekayo, yiyo loo nto zisetyenziswa njenge ukuhlobisa kunye nomthunzi. Ukongeza, iinkuni zayo ziyaxatyiswa Ukwenza ikhabhinethi y ukuchwela okuhle yeyakhe ubunzima, ubunzima obuphakathi kunye nokuchasana nokufuma kunye nezinambuzane. Isetyenziswa kwi ifenitshala, imigangatho, iiveneers zokuhombisa, iikhabhathi, amaphenyane, amavili enqwelo, ubugcisa kunye nokupakishwa.
En i-agroforestry, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziswa njenge ucingo oluphilayo kunye nokunika umthunzi wezityalo njengekofu, ikhassava, umbona, nekoko. Indebe yayo iyabonelela microclimates ezilungileyo kwaye ibonelela ngenkunkuma yamagqabi eyondla umhlaba. Ikwathathwa njenge umthi onamandla okubuyisela ngenxa yokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezahlukeneyo, ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa komswakama ngexesha lokuchithwa kunye zisebenza njengekhusi kwizilwanyana zasendle.
El bonsai yenye isicelo umdla: iintlobo ezifana UTabebuia rosea Banokusetyenzwa kunye neendlela zokusika kunye ne-wiring kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, ukufumana iintyatyambo ezincinci imangalisa kakhulu.
Usasazeko
Zingaphinda-phinda nge imbewu, ukusika (ehlotyeni) okanye iingqiniba (ngentwasahlobo). Imbewu, enamaphiko kwaye ilula, ayidli ngokufuna unyango olunzima kwaye intshule ngcono i-aerated substrates kunye nokufudumala, kunye nokufuma okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokukhukula. Ukutshintshelwa kumhlaba wokugqibela kufuneka kwenziwe xa izithole zine a ingcambu entle.
Ukukhula kokuqala kunokuba agile phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo; kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela izithole ukusuka viento kunye Ukugqithisa ilanga kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala, ngokuthe ngcembe ukwandisa ukubonakaliswa.
Imithi eyaziwayo eMelika
Kule genus kukho imithi emininzi eyaziwayo eMelika, apho ivela khona. Njengoko sele sibonisile, i tajy (I-Handroanthus impetiginosus) luphawu lwesizwe eParaguay, kunye ne iaraguaney (Handroanthus chrysanthus) iseVenezuela. Amanye amagama aqhelekileyo aquka oki etyheli, lapacho, apamate, ucobo, maculis y iguayacan epinki.
- Handroanthus chrysanthus (araguaney): iintyatyambo lubhelu umboniso kakhulu.
- Handroanthus chrysotrichus (ipê): intyatyambo etyheli kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha iintyatyambo zonyaka ezimbini.
- Tabebuia donnell smithii (intwasahlobo): iintyatyambo igolide enzulu.
- I-Handroanthus impetiginosus (lapacho epinki): iinkuni ze gran calidad.
- Handroanthus ochraceus (ixolo elimthubi): lixatyiswe njenge mhlobiso.
- UTabebuia rosea (apamate, ocobo): isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi ukuhonjiswa kwedolophu ngenxa yokuxhathisa kunye neengcambu ezinzulu.
- Handroanthus serratifolius (i-lapacho etyheli): iinkuni ukumelana kakhulu.
- Handroanthus heptaphyllus (ipê rosa): iintyatyambo umbala opinki.
IPhytochemistry kunye nezilumkiso
Phakathi kwezinto eziphawulekayo ze-phytochemical compounds zikho iinaphthoquinones njenge lapachol kunye β lapachone, ukongeza kwi-furanonaphthoquinones, i-anthraquinones, flavonoids, iicoumarins kunye iiridoidsEzi metabolites ziye zaphononongwa elabhoratri ngenxa yazo imisebenzi yebhayoloji (i-anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial kunye ne-cytotoxic ngokuchasene nemigca yeeseli).
Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye iinjongo zonyango ayinabo ubungqina obuqinileyo bekliniki kumabango amaninzi emveli, kwaye ezinye iikhompawundi zibonisa iityhefu efanelekileyo. Ixolo lisetyenziselwe ukufakwa kwiimeko zemveli, kodwa akufuneki ukuba lisetyenziswe endaweni yonyango lwezonyango. Kububulumko ukubonisana nabasebenzi bezempilo kunye kuphephe ukuzinyanga ngokwakho.
I-Tabebuia inokuziphatha ngathi enokuthi ihlasele ukuba zityalwe ngaphandle koluhlu lwazo, ngenxa yokusasazwa kwazo komoya kunye namandla alungileyo. Ukucwangcisa ukutyala kunye ulawulo lwembewu inceda ukuthintela ukubaleka okungafunwayo.
Emva kokwaziswa kwabo kwiigadi ezahlukeneyo kunye neeprojekthi zokubuyisela, iTabebuia ibonakalisile ulungelelwaniso olukhulu, ukudibanisa ubuhle beentyatyambo, iinkonzo ze-ecosystem, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Xa zikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zibekwe, ziba abalinganiswa bomhlaba I-Tropical and subtropical, ebonelela ngomthunzi, umbala kunye nexabiso lezinto eziphilayo iminyaka emininzi.