Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezityalo ze-genus Rubus
Izityalo ze-genus Rubus Ziquka iintlobo ezifana nequnube (Irubus fruticosus), irasbheri (IRubus idaeus), phakathi kwabanye. Baziwa ngenxa yabo iziqhamo ezityiwayo nezinevumba elimnandi, ukukhula kwayo ngamandla kunye nokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezahlukeneyo. Iziqu zinokuba neenkuni okanye zibenemithi, zidla ngokuvelisa ameva nangona kukho imihlanganiselwa engenameva, iququzelela ukuphatha nokuvuna. Amagqabi aqhelekile i-compound, eluhlaza nzulu, kunye neencam ezirhaxayo kwaye amaxesha amaninzi ngaphantsi kunoboya.
Indawo yokuhlala yendalo yezityalo zeRubus ibandakanya amahlathi, iindledlana, iingcingo, iindawo ezigawulweyo kunye neendawo ezinomthunzi okanye ezinelanga, ebonisa isakhono esikhulu sokuzenzela kwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo kunye nemozulu. Ukukhula kwazo ngokukhawuleza kuzivumela ukuba zenze amatyholo ashinyeneyo okanye iheji ngexesha elifutshane.
Zininzi iintlobo zeRubus ezinqunqa, ukulahlekelwa ngamagqabi awo ngexesha lokubanda kuphela ukuhluma ngamandla kwakhona entwasahlobo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi, iziqu zinokufikelela kwiimitha ezi-1 kumaqunube amancinci ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-2 yeemitha kumaqunube amnyama okanye i-hybrids enamandla.
Indawo kunye neemfuno zokukhanyisa
Izityalo zeRubus zidinga indawo enelanga okanye enomthunziUkukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo kulungele iziqhamo ezinencasa engcono kunye nombala, nangona kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu, i-semi-shade ikhusela amagqabi kunye neziqhamo ekutshisweni. Beka izityalo zakho apho zifumana ukukhanya kwelanga. ubuncinane iiyure ezi-6 zokukhanya kwelanga ngqo yonke imihla ukuvuselela iintyatyambo kunye nokuqinisekisa isivuno esiyintabalala.
Kwiimozulu ezishushu kakhulu, khetha ukuba sesichengeni nge umthunzi oyingxenye ngexesha leeyure ezinzima kakhulu yosuku ukuphepha uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nomonakalo wamagqabi.
Xa utyala kwiindawo ezincinci okanye izimbiza, qiniseka ukuba indawo ekhethiweyo ikhuselwe kwizinto. umoya ogqithisileyo, enokwaphula amasebe kwaye yonakalise iintyatyambo okanye iziqhamo.
Umhlaba ofanelekileyo kunye ne-substrate
El umhlaba ofanelekileyo weRubus Ikhululekile, ichumile, ityebile kwizinto eziphilayo kunye ne umjelo olungileyoBakhetha imihlaba ye i-pH i-acidic kancinane ukuya kwi-neutral, nangona zinyamezela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba logama nje zingekho ialkaline ngokugqithisileyo okanye i<em>calcareous. Ubukho be-humus kunye ne-compost bunceda ekuphuhliseni iingcambu kunye nokugcinwa kokufuma, okuyimfuneko kwisivuno esikhulu.
Ukulinywa kweembiza, khetha izikhongozeli ezimalunga neesentimitha ezingama-30 ubukhulu nobunzulu bokuqinisekisa ukukhula okufanelekileyo kweengcambu. Qinisekisa ukuba imbiza inemingxuma yokuhambisa amanzi ukuthintela ukugcwala kwamanzi kunye nokubola kweengcambu. Umxube ophakanyisiweyo uqulethe umhlaba wegadi, umquba, i-peat, kunye ne-perlite okanye isanti enqabileyo, ukubonelela ngezondlo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwamanzi.
Ukuchumisa kufuneka kuqhutywe ngamaxesha, ngokukodwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kunye nangexesha leziqhamo, kunye nezichumisi ezityebileyo kwi-potassium kunye ne-microelements ukukhuthaza ukubeka iziqhamo kunye nokuvuthwa.
Iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo zokunkcenkceshela kunye nokufuma
El Ukunkcenkceshela kubalulekile kwizityalo zeRubus, ngakumbi ngexesha leentyantyambo kunye nokuvuthwa kweziqhamo. Gcina i-substrate ifumile kodwa ayinamanziAmanzi amaninzi abangela ukuba amagqabi abe tyheli kunye neziqhamo ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ezineasidi-engcamla; ukunkcenkceshela okungonelanga kunciphisa imveliso kwaye kunokugxininisa isityalo.
Kwiimbiza, i-frequency ihluka phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3 ngamaxesha ngeveki, ukulungelelanisa ngokwemozulu kunye nohlobo lwe-substrate. Sebenzisa amanzi ashushu kunye namanzi kwisiseko ukuthintela izifo zokungunda emagqabini. Emhlabeni, kwandisa ukunkcenkceshela ngezona nyanga zishushu kwaye unciphise ngexesha lokungalali.
I-Organic mulch kwisiseko inceda ukugcina ukufuma kunye nokulawula ukukhula kokhula, ngelixa ibonelela ngezondlo ezongezelelweyo njengoko ibola.
Iintyatyambo, iziqhamo kunye nokuvuna
Umjikelo weentyatyambo uqala entwasahlobo nge iintyatyambo ezimhlophe okanye ezipinki ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 cm ububanzi, ephuhla kwiiveki ezininzi. Emva kokuthunyelwa kwe-pollination, iziqhamo zokuqala zivela, ekuqaleni ziluhlaza kwaye kamva zijika zibe bomvu, zimnyama, okanye zimfusa ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo okanye iindidi.
La Iziqhamo ziqala ekupheleni kwentlakohlaza ukuya ekupheleni kwehloboIziqhamo zizityebi Iivithamini A kunye no-C, i-antioxidants kunye neeminerali ezifana ne-potassiumZinokutyiwa zintsha, zisuka ngqo kwisityalo, okanye zisetyenziswe kwiiyogathi, iijam, izimuncumuncu kunye ne-ayisikrimu.
Ukuvuna, khetha iziqhamo ezixobuka ngokulula kwaye zibenombala ofanayo, oqaqambileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwangoko kufanelekile, nangona zinokugcinwa zifakwe efrijini okanye zikhenkceziswe ukuze zisetyenziswe kamva.
Ukuthena, ukubambisa kunye nokulawula ukukhula
La ukuthenwa kubalulekile ukuvuselela imveliso nokuthintela isityalo ekubeni sixinene kakhulu. Susa i izikhondo esele zineziqhamo, njengoko bengayi kuvelisa kwakhona. Ukuthena ngasekupheleni kwebusika, ukususa amasebe omileyo okanye abuthathaka, kuphucula umoya kwaye kuthintele iingxaki zefungal.
Kwiindidi ezineziqu ezide okanye kwiindawo ezinomoya, i bafundiswe ngeengcingo, ngeentambo okanye ngee trellises Inceda ukugcina amagqabi emile kwaye yenza ukuvuna kube lula. Zama ukuxhasa iziqu eziphambili ukuthintela ukugoba phantsi kobunzima besiqhamo okanye ukuphuka.
Kwizityalo ezifakwe kwiimbiza, zithena rhoqo ukukhuthaza ukukhula okuhlangeneyo, okunempilo. Ama-raspberries amancinci anokwenza ngaphandle kwe-staking, nangona iindidi ezinamandla kakhulu zizuza kakhulu kule ndlela.
Uthintelo nolawulo lwezinambuzane nezifo
Izifo zefungal, ezifana ukungunda okanye botrytis, inokuvela kwiindawo ezifumileyo kakhulu okanye ukuba amanzi awagcinwanga. Hlola izityalo rhoqo kwaye ususe iindawo ezichaphazelekayo. Ukuthenwa rhoqo kunceda ukujikeleza komoya kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.
Los ntwala neentwala Zizitshabalalisi eziqhelekileyo, ngakumbi kumahlumela amancinci. Sebenzisa unyango lwe-organic olufana nesepha ye-potassium okanye i-oyile ye-neem ukuzilawula. Hlola isityalo rhoqo kwaye wenze ngokukhawuleza kwiimpawu zokuqala.
Ukugcina isityalo sisempilweni, sondlekile, kwaye sinoxinzelelo olulawulwayo yeyona ndlela yokuzikhusela kwizifo kunye nezinambuzane.
Izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto ezinomdla kwi-Rubus genus
Ukongeza kwiziqhamo zabo ezixabisekileyo, iintlobo ezininzi zeRubus ziye izicelo zonyangoAmagqabi ngokwesiko asetyenziswa kwi-infusions yabo i-astringent kunye ne-anti-inflammatory propertiesAmagqabi awo ashinyeneyo kunye neentyatyambo anegalelo kwizinto eziphilayo, ebonelela ukutya kunye nekhusi leenyosi, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci ezincancisayo.
IRubus lukhetho oluhle kakhulu lokubumba uthango lwendalo kunye nezithintelo, ngaphezu kokubonelela ngexabiso lokuhombisa kunye nendalo kwigadi yakho, igadi yeziqhamo okanye indalo esingqongileyo.
Ukukhula kunye nokukhathalela izityalo zeRubus, ezifana namaqunube amnyama kunye namaqunube, ngamava anomvuzo adibanisa ubuhle bomhombiso, imveliso yeziqhamo enempilo, kunye nezibonelelo ze-ecosystem. Ngononophelo olufanelekileyo kunye nendawo, ukunkcenkceshela, umhlaba, ukuthena kunye nokuthintela izifo, unokonwabela izivuno ezininzi nezinempilo unyaka nonyaka, zombini kwigadi yakho kunye neebhalkhoni okanye iigadi zasezidolophini.