i-plumeriaI-frangipani, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-frangipani, sisihlahla okanye umthi omncinci onemvelaphi yetropikhi olinywa ngenxa yawo. iintyatyambo ezintle ezinemibala egqamileyo kunye nevumba elimnandi elikhethekileyo. Nangona idumile kwiigadi zetropiki namathafa, abantu abaninzi abayithandayo abayazi loo nto inokukhula ngokugqibeleleyo embizeni, nakwimozulu engeyiyo yetropiki, nje ukuba izikhokelo ezithile zokunyamekela zilandelwa. Apha ngezantsi kukho isikhokelo esiqinisekileyo, isikhokelo sengcaphephe, esithathwe kumava obuqu kunye nohlalutyo olupheleleyo lwemithombo ekhethekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-plumeria yakho isempilweni, yomelele, kwaye iyadubula unyaka nonyaka.
Iimpawu zeplumeria
La iplumeria Yeyosapho lwe-Apocynaceae kwaye ivela kwimimandla efudumeleyo efana neCaribbean, uMbindi Merika, kunye noMzantsi Melika. Ikhula i-shruby, ifikelela kubude ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7-10 yeemitha kwindalo, nangona ezimbizeni ayifane ibe ngaphezu kwe-2-3 yeemitha, iyenza ilungele iitesi, iipatios, kunye nokukhanyiswa kakuhle ngaphakathi.
Amagqabi ayo amade, agqamileyo aluhlaza anokuba luhlaza okanye aluhlaza ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nemozulu. flores Ziyeyona nto inomtsalane kubo: zivela ngokwamaqela kwiincam zamasebe, zilinganisa phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-10 cm, kwaye ziza kuluhlu olumangalisayo lwemibala, kuquka emhlophe, ebomvu, epinki, etyheli, kunye neendibaniselwano ezininzi. Zikwadume ngevumba elinxilisayo nelihlala ixesha elide.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kunye neentlobo, eyona nto idumileyo IPlumeria rubra, IPlumeria obtusa y IPlumeria pudicaNganye inezinto zayo ngokwemilo yegqabi, ubukhulu kunye nombala weentyatyambo, nangona ukukhathalelwa kwazo ngokubanzi kufana kakhulu. IPlumeria rubra var. acutifolia Igqame ngokuba yeyona ixhathisayo kwingqele ngaphakathi kolu didi.
Indawo efanelekileyo: ilanga okanye umthunzi?
La iplumeria sisityalo esithi uthanda ukukhanya: Ifuna ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze ichume kwaye idubule kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ubukhulu belanga kwindawo ekhulayo kufuneka buthathelwe ingqalelo:
- En imimandla yemozulu epholileyo Okanye apho ilanga lingenamandla kakhulu (imithombo ephakathi kunye nehlobo), iplumerias inako kwaye kufuneka ityalwe elangeni elipheleleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, baya kuphuhlisa amaqabunga amakhulu kunye neentyatyambo ezininzi.
- En imimandla enehlobo elishushu kakhuluKwiindawo ezifana nonxweme lweMeditera okanye phakathi kwelizwe apho ilanga litshisa khona, ukubonakaliswa rhoqo kunokubangela ukuba amagqabi abune kwaye atshise. Kwezi meko, Eyona nto ilungileyo kukubeka imbiza kumthunzi ophakathi okanye apho ifumana ukukhanya okungathanga ngqo okubukhali, ngakumbi ngezona yure zishushu kakhulu emini.
- Ukuba ufuna ukugcina i-plumeria ngaphakathi, imfuneko kubalulekile Ligumbi eliqaqambe kakhulu, kufutshane nefestile ejonge emazantsi okanye empuma, apho ifumana ubuncinane iiyure ezi-6 zokukhanya kwendalo ngosuku. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, sebenzisa izibane zokukhulisa ezifakelwayo ngokukodwa kwizityalo.
Ukukhetha imbiza kunye nemiba ephambili
Nangona isityalo esilungileyo, i-plumeria ayiphuhli iingcambu ezihlaselayo kwaye ayibanzi kakhulu, ngoko ifanelekile ukukhula kwiimbiza zezinto ezahlukeneyo:
- Iplastiki: Kunconywa kwiindawo ezibandayo kuba kukhanya kwaye kulula ukuhamba.
- Udongwe okanye i-terracotta: Ikhuthaza ukuguquka kunye nokutshintshiselana kwegesi, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwabo banokugcina isityalo ngaphandle okanye bahambe ngokulula.
Es Kubalulekile ukuba imbiza YONKE ibe nemingxuma yokukhupha amanzi kwisiseko. IiPlumeria zinovelwano kakhulu kumanzi agqithisileyo: ukugcwala kwamanzi kunokubangela ukubola kwengcambu okukhawulezayo nokungenakuguqulwa. Ukuba usebenzisa i-saucer phantsi kwembiza, susa amanzi amaninzi emva kokunkcenkceshela nganye ukuphepha le ngxaki.
Ukutshintshela i-plumeria ephothiweyo: nini kwaye njani ukuyenza?
El ukufakelwa Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okunempilo kwe-plumeria:
- Jonga yonke iminyaka emibini ukuze ubone ukuba iingcambu zityhutyha imingxunya okanye ukuba umhlaba womile womile. Ukuba isityalo sityalwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye ingcambu yengcambu ibambe imilo yayo xa isusiwe, lixesha lokuphinda liyifake.
- Khetha isitya esinjalo 7 ukuya kwi-10 cm enkulu ububanzi ngaphezulu.
- Thatha ithuba lokuhlaziya, ukuba kunokwenzeka, umaleko ophezulu wesubstrate kwizityalo ezikhulu kakhulu apho kungenakwenzeka utyalo lulonke.
Elona xesha lilungileyo lokutshintshela li primavera, xa isityalo siqala ukukhula okusebenzayo. Ekwindla okanye ebusika, i-plumeria ingena kwi-dormancy kwaye akufanele iphathwe.
Yeyiphi i-substrate efunwa yi-plumeria ephothiweyo?
El isubstrate ngundoqo Kwimpilo yeengcambu kunye neentyatyambo, i-plumeria idinga indawo ekhulayo edibanisa:
- Ubuchule obugqwesileyo bokuhambisa amanzi: kuthintela amanzi ekubeni agcinwe kwisiseko.
- Ukugcinwa kokufuma okuphakathi: ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungomi ngokugqithisileyo kodwa ungaze ube namanzi.
- Ukuchuma okulinganayo: izondlo zokugcina amandla kunye neentyatyambo.
Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-substrate umgangatho jikeleleZiphephe iibrendi ezingaziwayo okanye ezingabizi kakhulu ezinokuqulatha amasetyana okanye iintsalela zezinambuzane. Iimpawu ezicetyiswayo ngokusekelwe kumava kwaye zixatyiswe kakhulu kushishino zezi: Intyatyambo, iWestland, iFertiberia kunye nokhula.
Omnye umxube ofanelekileyo Unokuzilungiselela ngokwakho ngokudibanisa:
- Iinxalenye ezi-2 zendalo yonke okanye i-cactus substrate
- Ingxenye eyi-1 ye-perlite okanye isanti erhabaxa (ikhuthaza ukukhupha amanzi)
- I-1 inxalenye yefiber yekhokhonathi okanye i-pine bark ecocekileyo (igcina ukufuma kwaye ihambisa i-substrate)
El I-pH efanelekileyo i-acidic kancinane ukuya kungathathi hlangothi (6,0-7,0), eyenza kube lula ukufunxa izondlo.
Ukunkcenkceshela i-plumeria ephothiweyo
El ukunkcenkceshela Ngomnye wamanqaku abalulekileyo ekunyamekelweni kwe-plumeria kwaye kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ne ixesha lonyaka, imozulu kunye nendawo:
- Ngexesha lasentwasahlobo nasehlotyeniI-plumeria isekukhuleni kwayo nakwixesha leentyantyambo. Amanzi ama-2 ukuya kwii-4 ngeveki kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, ezomileyo (iMeditera okanye i-continental), ehlala ejonga ukuba iisentimitha ezimbalwa eziphezulu ze-substrate zomile ngaphambi kokunkcenkceshela kwakhona.
- Kwimimandla efumileyo okanye ukuba isityalo singaphakathi, amaxesha okunkcenkceshela ayancipha kakhulu. I-substrate iya kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba yome, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa kwaye ugweme ukunkcenkceshela.
- Ekwindla-ebusikaI-plumeria ingena kwi-dormancy. Ukunciphisa ukunkcenkceshela ubuncinci: kanye emva kweeveki ezi-2-3, okanye xa i-substrate yomile ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba ilahlekelwa ngamagqabi ayo, nqumamisa ukunkcenkceshela de ihlumela liqalise ukunqanda ukubola.
Ukuchumisa, izondlo kunye nokuchumisa
La IPlumeria ifuna izondlo ukukhula ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuqhakaza okumangalisayo. Nangona i-substrate entsha ihlala inesichumisi esaneleyo sonyaka wokuqala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uchume ukuqala kwiveki yesibini emva kokutyala kwimeko ye-substrate elula kakhulu, okanye emva kweenyanga ezili-12 ukuba i-substrate ephuculweyo:
- Sebenzisa isichumiso solwelo jikelele okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwizityalo ezidubulayo, soloko ulandela imiyalelo yomenzi ukuphepha ukutsha kweengcambu.
- Izichumisi zendalo ezifana ne-worm humus okanye i-guano zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokuchumisa okuthambileyo nokuqhubekayo.
- Ngexesha Intwasahlobo nehloboYondla rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-2-4. Yeka ukutyisa ekwindla nasebusika, njengoko i-plumeria ingena kwisigaba sayo sokulala kwaye ayiyi kuzuza kwizondlo.
- Ukukhuthaza ukuqhakaza, khetha isichumisi esiphantsi kwe-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus ephezulu kunye ne-potassium (umzekelo, umlinganiselo we-10-50-10), ngokukodwa ukususela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.
- Ngamanye amaxesha ucebile nge-microelements ezifana nentsimbi, i-magnesium okanye i-zinc, isitshixo sokuphepha ukusilela kunye nokuphucula ukukhanya kwamagqabi.
Ubushushu kunye nokukhuselwa kwingqele
La IPlumeria inochuku kakhulu kwingqele nakwiqabakaUninzi lweentlobo azinyamezeli ukuhla kwexesha elide ngaphantsi kwe-10 ° C, kwaye zisengozini yokubola kweengcambu kunye nokubola kwamagqabi:
- IPlumeria rubra var. acutifolia Iyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu ukuya kutsho kwi -2ºC ukuba iqabaka imfutshane kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa ingozi yomonakalo iphezulu.
- Ezinye iintlobo: Ngenisa imbiza endlwini okanye kwindawo yokugcina izityalo xa amaqondo obushushu ehla ngaphantsi kwe-15-18°C. Ukuba oku akunakwenzeka, yikhusele ngezigqubuthelo ze-thermal, i-padding ejikeleze ibhodwe, kwaye uyikhusele kwimimoya ebandayo.
- NgaphakathiBeka i-plumeria kwigumbi elikhanyiswe kakuhle, kude neeradiyetha, izifudumezi, kunye needrafti ezibandayo. Gcina ukufuma okwaneleyo: ukuba okusingqongileyo komile kakhulu, fafaza amagqabi ngamanzi angenayo ikalika yonke imihla (ngaphandle kwesigaba sokulala sasebusika, xa amagqabi ehluma).
Ukukhula kwe-plumeria kwiimbiza: iimfihlo kwiintyatyambo ezininzi
La i-plumeria iyaqhakaza Iyenzeka ikakhulu entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. amaqela eentyatyambo Zivela ekupheleni kwamasebe, kwaye ubukhulu bazo, umbala, kunye nevumba labo kunokwahluka phakathi kweentlobo kunye neentlobo. Iintyatyambo zidla ngokuba nazo phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-7 yamagqabi e-waxy kunye nemibala eqaqambileyo: emhlophe ecocekileyo, epinki enzulu, etyheli, ebomvu okanye enemibala emibini.
- Ukuvezwa kwi ilanga ngqo Yeyona nto iphambili evuselela ukufakwa kweentyatyambo.
- I-substrate etyebileyo kwi-phosphorus kunye nesityalo esingenaxinzelelo lwamanzi ziimeko ezifanelekileyo zokufumana amaqoqo eentyatyambo amakhulu, azingisayo.
- Emva kweentyantyambo, inokuphuhlisa iifollicles (iipod) kunye nembewu, nangona kwiimbiza kunye nemozulu engeyiyo yetropiki oku kunqabile.
Ukuthena nokugcina
La ukuthena iplumeria Kulinganiselwe kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuvuselela isityalo, ukulawula ubukhulu baso kunye nokuphelisa amasebe omileyo okanye anesifo:
- Ukuthena ukucoca: Susa onke amasebe awomileyo, awonakeleyo okanye anezitshabalalisi entlakohlaza phambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukuqhawuka kwamathupha.
- Uqeqesho lokuthena: Ukuba ufuna i-canopy edibeneyo okanye i-branched canopy, nciphisa iingcebiso zamasebe amakhulu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Oku kuya kuvuselela ukukhula kwamahlumela asecaleni kunye nokwandisa imveliso yeentyatyambo kwixesha lonyaka elilandelayo.
- Kuphephe ukuthenwa ngokuqatha, njengoko iplumerias iphola kancinane, kwaye amanxeba amakhulu anokuthatha iinyanga ukuvalwa. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezibukhali, ezibulala iintsholongwane.
Ukuphindaphinda kunye nokusasazwa kwe-plumeria
La iplumeria ingaphindaphindwa ngazo zombini ukusika ngoko imbewu:
Ukuphindaphinda ngokusika
- Sika isebe elingama 20-45 cm ubude ukusuka kwisityalo esisempilweni, ngakumbi entwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
- Vumela umoya osikiweyo wome iintsuku ezininzi, uvumele isilonda ukuba siphilise kwaye sinciphise ingozi yokubola.
- Tyala ukusika kwi-substrate elula (umxube we-peat kunye nesanti erhabaxa okanye i-perlite), ugcine i-substrate imanzi kancinci, kodwa ingaze ibe namanzi.
- Ukusebenzisa i-hormone ye-rooting ikhawuleza inkqubo kwaye iphucula izinga lokuphumelela.
- Beka ukusika kwindawo efudumeleyo, eqaqambileyo, ugweme ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo kuze kube yilapho ivelisa iingcambu (amahlumela amatsha aya kubonakala kwiiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwe-8 ukuba ingcambu).
Ukuphindaphinda ngembewu
- Las imbewu Kufuneka zityalwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvuna (ziphulukana nokusebenza ngokukhawuleza).
- Hlwaya kwindawo engenanto, egalelwe kakuhle, igcina ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okungaguqukiyo.
- Ukukhula kucotha kunokusikwa kwaye ukudumba kweentyatyambo kunokuthatha iminyaka emininzi ukubonakala, kodwa yindlela efanelekileyo yokufumana iintlobo ezintsha.
Uphinda-phindo ngokwaleko
- Kumasebe anamandla, ukubekwa komoya kunokwenziwa ngokusonga i-peat emanzi kunye ne-plastic wrap.
- Xa iingcambu zivela, zihlukanise kwaye utyale embizeni.
Uninzi lwezifo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinambuzane
I-plumeria yiyo yomelele kodwa inokuchaphazeleka:
- Ukubola kweengcambu: Ibangelwa kukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukungaphumi kakuhle kwamanzi. Iingcambu kunye neziseko zesiqu zijika zibemnyama okanye zithambe, kwaye amagqabi ajika abe tyheli aze awe. Isisombululo: Phucula imijelo yamanzi, nciphisa ukunkcenkceshela, faka imbiza (ukuba kuyenzeka), kwaye ufake isibulali ntsholongwane sokungunda.
- Ioksidi: Umngundo obangela amachokoza atyheli okanye aorenji kwicala elingaphantsi lamagqabi. Susa amagqabi achaphazelekileyo, phucula umoya, kwaye unyange ngesibulali ntsholongwane sendalo okanye sobhedu.
- Indawo yegqabi okanye indawo yegqabi: Idla ngokuvela kumswakama ophezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi. Susa amagqabi awonakeleyo, lawula ukunkcenkceshela, kwaye usebenzise imichiza yokungunda efanelekileyo.
- Woodlouse: Inambuzane ehlala kwiziqu kunye namagqabi. Ziye zipheliswe ngebhola yekotoni efakwe kwi-alcohol okanye isepha ye-potassium, okanye kunye ne-insecticide ethile ukuba i-infestation inzima.
- Amangolwane (isigcawu esibomvu): Zibangela ukuba tyheli, amabala, kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezomileyo. Yandisa ukufuma kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa i-acaricide.
El ulawulo lothintelo Kubalulekile: khangela amagqabi kunye neziqu rhoqo, kwaye wenze iimpawu zokuqala.
Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye neenyaniso ezinomdla malunga neepotted plumerias
- Kuphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela ukuthintela izifo zokungunda.
- Sebenzisa i-organic mulching kumphezulu we-substrate ukugcina ukufuma kunye nokukhusela iingcambu ehlotyeni okanye kwimozulu eyomileyo.
- Kwimozulu eyomileyo kakhulu, fafaza amagqabi ngamaxesha athile, ngaphandle kwasebusika.
- Ungamilisela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeplumeria kwisityalo esinye ukufumana iintyatyambo ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo kwimbiza enye.
- EHawaii, iintyatyambo ze-plumeria ziluphawu lobuhlobo kunye noxolo, kwaye zisetyenziselwa imigexo kunye nemihlobiso yeeholide.
- ENicaragua luphawu lwesizwe kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yisacuanjoche.
I-plumeria yenye ye Ezona zityalo zivuzayo kunye nezinomtsalane ukukhula kwiimbiza, njengoko ikuvumela ukuba ujabulele imibala yayo kunye nephunga elimnandi ngaphandle nangaphakathi ukuba kukho ukukhanya okwaneleyo. Ukulandela ezi ukhathalelo oluneenkcukacha kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayoI-plumeria yakho iya kukhula isempilweni, ityatyambe lonke ixesha lonyaka, kwaye izise uchuku olungaqhelekanga kunye nobuhle kwikhaya lakho, ithafa okanye igadi. Undoqo kukuyiqwalasela, ukulungisa ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuvezwa kokukhanya ngokwemozulu, kwaye wonwabele inkqubo yokuyibukela iguquka unyaka nonyaka.