I-Pinus cembra: Iimpawu, ukuKhathalela kunye neNzuzo yePine yeStone

UPinus cembra, eyaziwa njenge ipine yamatye, luhlobo lwe-evergreen conifer exatyiswa kakhulu ngayo yomibini Ixabiso lezinto zokuhombisa ngokungaqhelekanga kwayo ukumelana kwiindawo ezibandayo. Inzalelwane kwimimandla yeentaba KwiYurophu esembindini, njengeeAlps neeCarpathians, lo mthi womelele uye wathandwa kakhulu ukulima, ukulungisa umhlaba kwaye ngakumbi kubugcisa be bonsaiKweli nqaku, uya kufumana isikhokelo esipheleleyo kwiimpawu zayo zebhotani, izibonelelo, ukusetyenziswa, iindlela zokukhula, iingxaki eziqhelekileyo, kunye nokunye okuninzi.

Imvelaphi kunye nokuhanjiswa kwePinus cembra

El ipine yamatye Ngumthi okhula ikakhulu kwiindawo zeentaba ze KwiYurophu esembindini, ngakumbi kwi IiAlps kunye neCarpathiansLuphawu lwamandla kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngenxa yokwazi ukumelana nobusika obude, obubandayo, imimoya ebhudla ngamandla, kunye nomhlaba ombi. Igama elithi "cembra" livela kwingingqi yeCembra Alpine apho olu hlobo luninzi. Ngaphaya koko, ikhula ngokwemvelo kwimimandla apho amaqondo obushushu anokuhla amadigri amaninzi ngaphantsi kwe-zero, inika ulwazi olungundoqo malunga nokuziqhelanisa nemozulu.

Ukuhlelwa kweTaxonomic kunye namagama aqhelekileyo

• Ubukumkani: IPlantae
• ICandelo: I-Pinophyta
• Iklasi: Pinopsida
• Myalelo: Iipina
• Usapho: I-Pinaceae
• Isini: Ipeyinti
• Iintlobo: UPinus cembra

Phakathi kwakho awona magama athandwayo yima ngaphandle ipine yamatye, Ipine yaseSwitzerland y Umsipha weAlpine.

Inkcazo yezityalo yePinus cembra

UPinus cembra Ngumthi onobume obuthe tye, obuyipiramidi kwiminyaka yokuqala, ethi ekuhambeni kwexesha iphuhlise isithsaba esingqukuva nesivulelekileyo. Ibonakaliswa ngu:

• Ubungakanani: Inokufikelela kwi-20-25 yeemitha ukuphakama endle, nangona kwiigadi, iipaki kunye nokulima okuhombisayo idla ngokugcinwa imfutshane. Ngefomathi bonsai, ubude bayo bunokuba phakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-80 cm.
• Isiqu kunye nexolo: Ixolo lalo lingwevu kwaye liqhekekile kwiipleyiti njengoko likhula, linika inkangeleko e rustic nendala, ixatyiswe kakhulu ngobuhle kwibhonsai.
• AmaSpredishithi: Inenaliti ze umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zidityaniswe ngokweenyanda ezintlanu. Ezi naliti zihlala zilinganisa phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-8 cm kwaye zibhetyebhetye, zithambile ukubamba kwaye zime ngaphandle kokubonisa. iibhanti ezimbini ezicacileyo kumphezulu wayo ongaphakathi. Amagqabi abumbene kwaye ayazingisa, nto leyo yomeleza isibheno sayo sokuhombisa.
• Iicones: Ivelisa zombini iicones zenkunzi kunye nemazi, kunye necones zemazi zincinci ukuya phakathi. Iicones zivuthwa ekwindla kwaye zine pine nuts ezityiwayo, nangona ingeyiyo eyona ntlobo yokuvuna urhwebo.

Iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zepine yamatye yaseSwitzerland

• Ixesha elide: Yenye yezona conifers ezihlala ixesha elide, zifikelela ngokulula kwiinkulungwane ezininzi zobomi ukuba zikhule phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.
• Ukukhula okucothayo: Ukukhula kwayo kucotha, nto leyo eyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi zebhonsai kunye nezitiya zolondolozo oluphantsi.
• Amagqabi aluhlaza: Igcina amagqabi ayo unyaka wonke, inika umbala kunye noburhabaxa nasebusika.
• Ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwingqele: Imelana lula namaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, ide inyamezele iiqabaka eziqatha kunye nemozulu yealpine.
• Ukuziqhelanisa: Ingakhula kumhlaba otyebileyo okanye onamatye, ukuba nje kukho ukuhambisa amanzi kakuhle.

Iimfuno zemozulu kunye nokuba sesichengeni selanga

• Imozulu: Khetha imozulu ebandayo ezintabeniInyamezela ubusika obude kwaye iyamelana nengqele egqithisileyo, inyamezela amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe -30ºC.
• Inkcazo ngelanga: Ifuna ilanga elipheleleyo ukuze ikhule ngokufanelekileyo, nangona inyamezela umthunzi othile, ngakumbi kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala. Izithole ezincinci zinokuzuza kumthunzi okhanyayo ngezona yure zishushu kakhulu emini.
• Ukunyamezela imbalela: Xa sele imisiwe, iwanyamezela ngcono amaxesha omileyo, nangona ikhetha ukufuma okuphakathi. Ayinyamezeli imbalela ixesha elide.
• Ukuxhathisa ubutyuwa: Iyachukumiseka kwimihlaba enetyuwa kwaye ayihambelani kakuhle nolu hlobo lokusingqongileyo.

Umhlaba ofanelekileyo kunye ne-substrate yePinus cembra

Ke ukuba ipine yamatye ikhule kubo bonke ubuhle bayo, kubalulekile ukuyinika umhlaba ofanelekileyo:

• Uhlobo lomgangatho: Ikhetha umhlaba onzulu, otsalwe kakuhle ne pH iasidi kancinane ukuya kokungathathi hlangothi (5,5-7,0). Inyamezela umhlaba ophilayo, oyisanti nokwazi ukugcina ukufuma.
• Inkqubo yogutyulo: Kubalulekile ukunqanda ukugcwala kwamanzi, njengoko iingcambu zisengozini yokubola ukuba i-substrate ihlala imanzi ixesha elide.
• Ukwakheka okufanelekileyo (kwibhonsai): Kuba bonsai, umxube 40% Akadama, I-40% yesanti erhabaxa y I-20% yegrabile yentaba-mlilo, okanye indibaniselwano eqinisekisa ukungena komoya ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokukhupha amanzi.

Ukunkcenkceshela kwepine yamatye yaseSwitzerland

Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kube imoderado kwaye ilungelelaniswe neemfuno zesityalo ngokwexesha lonyaka:

• Rhoqo: Nkcenkceshela kuphela xa i-substrate yomile ngokuyinxenye kumphezulu. Kuphephe kokubini ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo nokunkcenkceshela.
• Umgangatho wamanzi: Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi emvula okanye amanzi adibeneyo ukuphepha ukuqokelelwa kweetyuwa ezinokulimaza iingcambu.
• Ingcebiso eyongezelelweyo: Kwimozulu eshushu kakhulu, fafaza ikhenopi ukugcina ukufuma okungqongileyo.

Ukuchumisa kunye nomgquba

• Umzuzu: Chuba entlakohlaza nasekwindla, usebenzisa amathuba okukhula kwezityalo.
• Uhlobo lwesichumiso: Ngokukhethekileyo izichumisi ezilungeleleneyo ziqhelaniswe neeconifers, zizityebi initrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium.
• Rhoqo: Kanye ngenyanga kudla ngokwaneleyo. Kwi-bonsai, zichumisa zonke iiveki ezi-4-6 ngexesha lokukhula, ukunciphisa inani ekwindla nasebusika.
• Ukuqwalaselwa: Ukuba isityalo sinamandla, kunokwenzeka ukususa amahlumela avelayo, ukuvuselela isizukulwana samahlumela amatsha ane-denser kunye neenaliti ezimfutshane.

Ukuthena kunye nokubumba iPinus cembra

• Uqeqesho lokuthena: Kubalulekile ukubonelela ngesakhiwo, ngakumbi kwibhonsai. Ukuthena kunconywa ngasekupheleni kwebusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukususa amasebe omileyo okanye awonakele.
• Ukulinganisa: Ucingo lokubiyela lunokusetyenziswa ngononophelo, lunonophele ukuba lungonakalisi ixolo. Ukubunjwa kufuneka kwenziwe ngeenyanga zomsebenzi omncinci.
• Ukuthena iingcambu: Sebenza kwi-root system ngononophelo, emva komnyaka ubuncinane wokuqhelanisa. Kuphephe ukusika iingcambu ezingqindilili kude kakhulu kwaye uqinisekise inkqubo yeengcambu esempilweni.
• Ubuchule obukwinqanaba eliphezulu: Ubuchule bunokusetyenziswa Jin (amasebe afileyo), Shari (ukuhluthwa kwamaxolo ukulinganisa ukunxiba ngokuhamba kwexesha), kunye ukudweba (ukukrola iinkuni), ngakumbi kwibhonsai ukukhulisa umlingiswa kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.

Ukutshintshwa kunye nokusasazwa

• Ukufakelwa kwakhona: Kucetyiswa ukuphinda kufakwe imbiza malunga ne-4-5 iminyaka, ngakumbi entwasahlobo okanye ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-substrate ene-aerated kakuhle kunye nentsha.
• Usasazeko: Ikakhulu ngembewu. Imbewu kufuneka ifakwe kwindawo ebandayo kangangeentsuku ezingama-40-50, emva kokufunxa iiyure ezingama-24. Zityalwe kumhlaba wesanti omanzi, kukhethwa ukuba zifakwe efrijini kwaye zibekwe kwindawo epholileyo ubusuku obuninzi ukuze ziphucule ukuntshula. Izithole zifuna umthunzi kwihlobo lazo lokuqala.

Iintyatyambo, iziqhamo kunye nepine nuts

• Iintyatyambo: Kwenzeka ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ithwala iintyatyambo ezizinkunzi kunye nezemazi kumthi omnye (iintlobo ze-monoecious).
• Iziqhamo: Iicones ezinomthi ezithatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuba zivuthwe, zikhupha amandongomane epine atyiwayo ekwindla.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwepine nuts: Nangona zityiwa kwaye zixatyiswa, azidli ngokuvunwa ngokomlinganiselo omkhulu njengezinye iintlobo zepine.

Izibonelelo, iipropati kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Swiss stone pine

• Isihombiso: Ixabiseke kakhulu kwiipaki, iigadi zeentaba kunye noyilo lokwakheka komhlaba ngenxa yobuhle bayo kunye nombala ongapheliyo.
• Bonsai: Ixabiswa kakhulu ngokumila kwayo, ukuthungwa kwexolo kunye namagqabi ashinyeneyo, evumela iintlobo ngeentlobo zeendlela kunye neemodeli.
• Ukutya: I-pine nuts yayo iyadliwa kwaye icebile kwizondlo, nangona ukuveliswa kwazo akuyona injongo yayo ephambili.
• Iinkuni: Umthi wayo, nangona uthambile, uye wasetyenziselwa ukuchwela okulula kunye nemisebenzi yezandla kwimimandla yeentaba.
• Inkcubeko kunye nomfuziselo: I-Swiss stone pine inxulunyaniswa nobomi obude, amandla, kunye nokunyamezela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zeentaba.
• Iinzuzo zempilo yengqondo: Ukunyamekela lo mthi (ngokukodwa njenge-bonsai) kukhuthaza umonde, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukudibanisa nendalo.
• Ukucoca umoya: Inceda ukufunxa i-CO2 kwaye iphucule umgangatho womoya, nanjengebhonsai yangaphakathi.

Izitayile zebhonsai zakudala zePinus cembra

• Isimbo esiseMthethweni esithe nkqo (Chokkan): Isiqu esithe tye kunye namasebe anqamlezileyo, alungele ukuqaqambisa ubuhle bayo bendalo.
• Isimbo sokuqubuda (Shakan): Isiqu esithambekileyo esibonelela ngamandla kwaye silinganisa umzabalazo wokukhanya kwithambeka lentaba.
• Isimbo seCascade (Kengai): Esi siqu siwela ngaphantsi komphetho wembiza, nto leyo ebangela imithi ekhula emaweni.

Kuzo zonke izimbo, ukulingana kufuneka kufunwe phakathi kwesiqu, i-canopy, kunye nembiza, kunye nokusasazwa okulinganayo kwamasebe. Izimbiza zeCeramic okanye zodongwe, kwiitoni ezingathathi hlangothi okanye ze-terracotta, zisetyenziselwa ukugqamisa ubuhle bamagqabi kunye namagxolo.

Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo, izinambuzane kunye nezifo

• Ukutyhelwa kweenaliti: Isenokuba ngenxa yokungankcenkcesheli ngokwaneleyo, ukungabikho kwezondlo, okanye ubukho bezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo. Isisombululo: lawula ukunkcenkceshela, sebenzisa isichumiso esifanelekileyo, kwaye wenze uhlolo rhoqo.
• Ukuwisa inaliti: Ngokuqhelekileyo zibangelwa utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwiqondo lokushisa okanye iimeko zokukhanya okubi. Kunconywa ukuzinzisa okusingqongileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhanya okulungileyo.
• Izifo zokungunda: Ukungunda okufana ne powdery mildew okanye grey ukungunda kunokuchaphazela amagqabi. Oku kunokuthintelwa ngokuphepha ukufuma okugqithisileyo kunye nokuphucula umoya. Kwimeko yosulelo, sebenzisa umchiza othile wokungunda.
• Izinambuzane: Jonga ukuvela kwentwala kunye ne-mealybugs, ngakumbi kwibhonsai. Faka amayeza aphilayo okanye amayeza okubulala izinambuzane ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Ukukhula okucothayo: Oku kuqhelekile ngenxa yokungabikho kokukhanya okanye isichumisi. Phucula indawo kwaye wongeze isichumisi esilungeleleneyo.

Ukuhambelana nezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye netyhefu

• UPinus cembra Akukho ngxelo zaziwayo zetyhefu kwizilwanyana zasekhaya. Yi-conifer ekhuselekileyo kwiindawo zasekhaya, nangona isilumkiso sisoloko sinconywa xa uzisa izityalo ezitsha kumakhaya anezilwanyana zasekhaya.

Iingcebiso zokuntshula kunye nokuhlwayela imbewu

• Ulwahlulo: Imbewu ifuna isithuba sengqele efumileyo (i-stratification), ifakwe kwi-substrate emanzi kwaye ifakwe efrijini iiveki ezimbalwa.
• Umboniso: Emva kokuhluma, hlwayela ezimbizeni ekufikeni kwentwasahlobo kwaye ubeke kwindawo enelanga enomthunzi okhanyayo phakathi ehlotyeni kwiminyaka yayo yokuqala.
• Ukukhula: Izithole zikhula ngokucothayo kwaye kufuneka zikhuselwe kwimbalela enkulu ngexesha lokumiliselwa.

Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nokuhlobisa

• Igadi yasentabeni: Iintlobo ezifanelekileyo kwiigadi zamatye, iipaki ze-alpine kunye neendawo ezinobusika obunzima.
• Iigadi zasedolophini: Ukukhula okuhlangeneyo kunye namahlamvu omeleleyo ayenza igqibelele kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke nezabucala ezifuna uhlaza unyaka wonke.
• Bonsai: I-Pinus cembra ixabiswa kakhulu ngabaqokeleli kunye nabanomdla ngenxa yokulungelelaniswa kwayo neembiza kunye namandla ayo obuhle.

Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nozinzo

• Ulondolozo: Ukulinywa kwayo kunceda ekulondolozeni iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwiindawo ezisezintabeni kwaye kukhuthaza ubukho bezilwanyana zasekuhlaleni.
• Ukucocwa kwendalo: Imizekelo yabantu abadala, njengebhonsai, inegalelo ekubanjeni ikhabhoni kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya.
• ukunciphisa ingxolo: Isebenza njengomqobo wendalo kwiindawo zangaphandle, ukunciphisa impembelelo yesandi.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zokhathalelo lwePinus cembra

• Ukubeka iliso rhoqo: Ukusebenzisa izivamvo okanye iinkqubo zobuchwepheshe ukujonga ukufuma, ukukhanya, ubushushu, kunye nokunkcenkceshela kungaququzelela ukhathalelo, ngakumbi kwimozulu eyahlukileyo kwimozulu yendalo yomthi.
• Ukukhuselwa kwiqabaka egqithisileyo: Ngaphandle kobunzima bazo, izithole ezincinci kunye neengcambu ziyazuza ekukhuseleni ukukhanya ngexesha leqabaka eqatha.
• Kuphephe ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwi-bonsai: I-Swiss stone pine root system iyaluxabisa uzinzo.
• Isithuba phakathi kwesampulu: Xa utyala kwiigadi, vumela indawo eyaneleyo yophuhliso lweengcambu ezifanelekileyo kunye ne-canopy, ukukhuthaza umoya.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Konke malunga nepine: iimpawu, iintlobo, ukusetyenziswa kunye ne-ecology