La IPortulacaria afra, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumthi wemali, isityalo semali, ihlathi lendlovu okanye ngokulula i-portulacaria, sesinye sezona zityalo zixatyiswe kakhulu kwigadi ngenxa yokugcinwa kwayo lula, amagqabi achumileyo, nokukwazi ukuphumelela naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Nangona ixhathisa kakhulu kwaye ihombise unyaka wonke, uninzi lwabantu abanomdla wokuzilibazisa kunye nabaqokeleli balandela injongo ethile: ukonwabela ubunzima bayo kunye nokwahlukileyo. iintyatyamboNangona kunjalo, ukufumana iPortulacaria afra ukuba ichume kufuna ukuqonda iimfuno zayo ezisisiseko kunye nezinye zezinto ezicacileyo zebhayoloji kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Iimpawu kunye nemvelaphi yePortulacaria afra
La IPortulacaria afra Yiyo iperennial succulent yinzalelwane yaseMzantsi Afrika, apho ikhula endle kwimimandla eyomileyo. Kwindawo yayo yendalo, inokufikelela kwiimitha ezi-5 ukuphakama kwaye iphile kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, isebenza njengomthombo wokutya wezilwanyana ezininzi ezinjengeendlovu, iibhokhwe, imikhombe kunye neenyamakazi. Ukongeza kukubaluleka kwayo kwendalo, luhlobo oluxatyiswe kakhulu ngokukwazi bamba ikhabhoni ye-atmospheric kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya, kangangokuba ihektare enye inokubamba phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-15 yeetoni zekhabhoni ngonyaka.
Iziqu zayo ezinomthi, zimdaka okanye zibomvu ngombala, zixhasa i-1 ukuya kwi-2 cm yenyama, i-oval, kunye namagqabi aluhlaza. Oku kukhula komelele kwaye kuxinene kwenza iPortulacaria afra Ukumelana kakhulu nembalela, enkosi ngogcino lwamanzi kumahlamvu nesiqu sawo. Idume ngokulinganayo njengesityalo sokuhombisa sangaphakathi, isityalo sangaphandle kwigadi ezomileyo, njengothango, okanye njengebhonsai.
Ngohlobo lwayo lwasendle okanye olulinyiweyo, ikwaziwa ngamagama anje Ijeyidi encinci, ihlathi laseJapan, i-spekboom, isityalo senkozo okanye isityalo semali, kwaye igqame ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obuncinci xa kuthelekiswa ne ICrassula ovata (i-jade tree), uhlobo oluhlala lubhideka nalo kodwa olunamagqabi amakhulu kunye neziqu ezibomvu ezingaphantsi.
Idubula nini iPortulacaria afra?
La iintyatyambo zePortulacaria afra Yinkqubo exhomekeke kwimo engqongileyo, kwibhayoloji nakwizinto zenkcubeko. Akuqhelekanga ukuyibona idubula ngaphakathi. okanye kwiindawo ezinemozulu eyahluke kakhulu kweyaseAfrika, kodwa phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo iyakwazi ukuvelisa iintyatyambo ezincinci ezidityaniswe ngamaqela ngexesha leentyatyambo. ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, ehambelana nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokukhanya kwelanga.
Iintyatyambo zincinci, 4 ukuya kwi-5 mm, kunye ne-a umbala opinki onzulu, nangona banokuza kwii-shades ze-lilac okanye ezimhlophe kwezinye iindidi. Ukuze isityalo sidubule, kudla ngokufuneka ukuba sibe sifikelele ekuvuthweni okuthile (kuqikelelwa emva kweminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwemi-5 ukuba sikhule sisuka kwisityalo esisikiweyo), kananjalo sibe namava embalela kunye nokuba sesichengeni sokuphola kodwa singaze sibe yingqele ebusika.
Ukuba ubusika bebubanda kakhulu okanye bude, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba ukudubula kweentyatyambo kulityaziswe kude kube sehlotyeni, njengoko iPortulacaria afra idinga ukonyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ukuze isebenze imetabolism kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhula kweentyatyambo.
Iimfuno kunye nokhathalelo lweentyantyambo zePortulacaria afra
Nangona kukho iintsomi ezininzi kunye neengcebiso malunga namaqhinga amangalisayo okukhuthaza ukudumba kweentyatyambo, inyani kukuba isitshixo siku bonelela isityalo ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo ukukhanya, ubushushu, ukunkcenkceshela, i-substrate, kunye nokuchumisa. Kuphela ke apho i-Portulacaria afra iya kutyala inxalenye yamandla ayo ekuveliseni ngokwesondo (iintyatyambo) kwaye kungekhona nje ekukhuleni nasekuphileni.
Ukukhanya: eyona nto iphambili ekukhuleni kweentyatyambo
La ilanga ngqo sesona sityalo siqhumayo ePortulacaria afra. Esi sityalo sidinga ubuncinane iiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 zelanga ngosuku. Ukuba ayifumani ukukhanya okwaneleyo, ibonakalisa ukukhula okubuthathaka, amagqabi abutheleyo, kunye neentyatyambo ezingentle. Eyona nto ibekwe kuyo iigadi ezinelanga, iithafa okanye iibhalkhoni ijonge emazantsi okanye emzantsi-ntshona. Ngaphakathi, kufuneka ibekwe ecaleni kweefestile ezikhanyayo kwaye ngokukhethekileyo kumagumbi afudumeleyo.
Ukuba usanda kuthenga iPortulacaria ebisemthunzini, yiqhelanise kancinci kancinci nokukhanya kwelanga ukuthintela ukutshiswa lilanga. Qala ngokuyibonisa kwiiyure ezimbalwa kuphela ekuzeni kusa okanye ngongcwalazi, kwaye wandise isixa sokuvezwa kwiveki neveki.
I-substrate efanelekileyo kunye ne-drainage
Portulacaria afra uyawuthiya umhlaba oxineneyo kunye nokufuma okugqithisileyo. Ifuna i-substrate ikhupha kakhulu, umhlaba onesanti okanye wentaba-mlilo ongagcini amanzi ixesha elide kunokuba kuyimfuneko. Kwizityalo ezifakwe embizeni, oku kulandelayo kuyacetyiswa:
- I-substrate ethile ye-cacti kunye ne-succulents, ngokukhethekileyo ixutywe nesanti enqabileyo, i-perlite, i-volcanic gravel okanye i-pellets yodongwe eyandisiweyo.
- Iimbiza ngemingxuma yokukhupha amanzi rhoqo. Ungaze usebenzise izitya ezingangeni moya.
- Egadini, ukuba umhlaba uxinene, yomba umngxuma ubuncinci obungama-50 cm ubunzulu, uwugubungele ngomaleko wegrabile oyi-20 cm, uze uwubeke phezulu nge-succulent substrate.
Kuphephe ukuchumisa ekwindla nasebusika okanye uyityale kwindawo ezifumileyo, njengoko oku kunokubangela ukubola kweengcambu.
Ukunkcenkceshela: ngaphantsi kuninzi
Enye yeempazamo eziqhelekileyo phezu kwamanziIPortulacaria afra inyamezela imbalela ngcono kakhulu kunokugcwala kwamanzi. Kufuneka ulinde ukuba i-substrate yome ngokupheleleyo phakathi kokunkcenkceshela. Indlela elungileyo kukufaka i-toothpick okanye umnwe wakho ukujonga. Ukuba ifumile, linda ezinye iintsuku eziliqela.
- Ixesha lonkcenkcesheloEntlakohlaza nasehlotyeni, nkcenkceshela rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-15 kuxhomekeke kumaqondo obushushu nokoma. Ekwindla nasebusika, amanzi kuphela xa i-substrate yomile iintsuku eziliqela; rhoqo kwiiveki ezintathu nangaphantsi kunokwanela.
- Njalo amanzi ngokucokisekileyo, ukucwina i-substrate kakuhle, kodwa Musa ukushiya amanzi kwisosari phantsi kwembiza.
- Kungcono ukunkcenkceshela amanzi emvula okanye amanzi amile, nangona ingathinteli.
Uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluncinci (ukushiya iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela xa i-substrate isomile) inokuvuselela ukubonakala kweentyatyambo kwizityalo eziphilileyo, zabantu abadala.
Ubushushu kunye nokukhuselwa kubanda
Ukusuka kwindawo ezomileyo zaseMzantsi Afrika, iPortulacaria afra imelana nobushushu obugqithisileyoInyamezela ubushushu ukuya kuma 40ºC kunye nobusuku obupholileyo, kodwa Ayimelani neqabaka eyomeleleyo okanye ixesha elide.Iyakwazi ukumelana nokuhla ukuya ku-0ºC ngamaxesha athile ukuba isubstrate yomile, kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyikhusele ngaphakathi okanye ngengubo ezishushu xa amaqondo obushushu ehla ngaphantsi kwe-1ºC.
- Kwiimozulu ezipholileyo: ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko zeqabaka eqatha okanye eqhubekayo.
- Kwiindawo ezibandayo: Yikhulise embizeni kwaye uyikhusele ngexesha lasebusika kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo, ugweme utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kunye needrafti.
Ukuchumisa ukuvuselela iintyatyambo
Ukukhuthaza iPortulacarya afra ukuba idubule, kubalulekile ukubonelela ngezondlo ngexesha elifanelekileyo:
- Ngexesha entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, isebenzisa isichumisi esithile se-succulents okanye i-cacti, ngokukhethekayo ulwelo ukwenzela ukulinganisa okungcono. Khangela enye enomxholo wenitrogen ephantsi kwaye ityebile kuyo phosphorus kunye potassium, ekubeni i-phosphorus ivuselela ukubonakala kweentyatyambo.
- Umthamo kufuneka uhlale ukhuthazwa ngumenzi, ngokuqhelekileyo kanye ngenyanga ngexesha lokukhula.
- Ungasebenzisa kwakhona isichumiso esithambileyo sendalo, umzekelo, i-guano (umgquba wezilwanyana), kodwa ngamanani amancinci.
Kuphephe ukuchumisa ukuba isityalo sibonisa iimpawu zoxinzelelo (ethambileyo, amagqabi athobileyo, amabala) okanye ngeenyanga ezibandayo. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokhathalelo olusisiseko lwegadi.
Ubudala kunye nokuvuthwa kwesityalo
Ayizizo zonke iiPortulacaria afra ezidubula ngesantya esifanayo. Kukho iisampuli ezithatha iminyaka emininzi ukudumba.Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka bafikelele ekuvuthweni okuthile kwaye bazinzise inkqubo yeengcambu zabo ngaphambi kokunikezela amandla ekuveliseni. Iintyatyambo azihlali kude kube ngunyaka wesithathu okanye wesine wobomi, okanye ixesha elide xa likhuliswe kwi-cuttings.
Ukuthena nokugcina
La ukuthena Inceda ukugcina imilo edibeneyo kwaye ivuselele ukukhula kwakhona kwamasebe esibini, apho i-inflorescences ibonakala ngokuqhelekileyo. Yenza oku ekupheleni kwebusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukususa amasebe awonakeleyo, angahambi kakuhle, okanye amade kakhulu, ahlala engaphezulu kwe-node.
- Musa ukuthena kakhulu ukuba ujonge ukudubula kweentyatyambo, njengoko oku kunokulibazisa ukudubula kweentyatyambo kude kube lixesha lonyaka elilandelayo.
- Ukutshintshela kakuhle kwenziwa rhoqo kwiminyaka eyi-3-4, kwakhona ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukuvuselela i-substrate kunye nokukhusela iingcambu ekuhlanganiseni. Ngaba uyafuna ukufunda ukuthena ngokufanelekileyo? Nantsi indlela..
Ukuthintela izinambuzane nezifo
I-Portulacaria afra iyaxhathisa kakhulu izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo, kodwa zinokuchatshazelwa zii- mealybugs, iintwala okanye ukungunda kwindawo ezifume kakhulu okanye sisichumiso esigqithisileyo. Ingozi enkulu yi ingcambu ukubola ngenxa yamanzi amaninzi.
- Beka iliso emacaleni amagqabi kunye neziqu, ususa izinambuzane ezincinci okanye usebenzise isibulali-zinambuzane esikhethekileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko. Funda indlela yokulawula izitshabalalisi zezityalo eziqhelekileyo.
- Kuphephe ukutshiza amanzi emagqabini ukuthintela ukungunda.
Iindidi kunye nezinto ezinomdla malunga nePortulacaria afra
Ukongeza kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo, zikhona iintlobo zokuhombisa ixatyiswe kakhulu:
- Portulacaria afra 'Variegata': ngamagqabi aluhlaza okhanyayo kunye ne-cream okanye imiphetho emhlophe. Inomtsalane kakhulu kodwa ayinyangeki kangako ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
- Portulacaria afra 'Medio-picta': amagqabi anamachokoza amakhulu atyheli asembindini kunye nesiqu esipinki sombane.
- Portulacaria afra 'Aurea': amagqabi kwiitoni ezimthubi ezihlanjiweyo.
- Portulacaria afra 'Limpopo': amagqabi amakhudlwana nokokukhula ngokuthe nkqo ngakumbi.
- Portulacaria afra 'Prostrata': ngomkhwa wokurhubuluza, olungele ukugquma umhlaba kunye nokudala iikhaphethi zezityalo.
Zonke iindidi zinokudubula phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo kwaye zabelane ngobulukhuni obufanayo obufanayo, nangona iifom ezahlukeneyo zinokufuna ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo elangeni elitshisayo okanye ingqele egqithisileyo. Funda indlela yokukhuthaza iintyatyambo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo.
Izibonelelo ze-ikholoji kunye nokusetyenziswa kokuhombisa kunye nokupheka
Ngaphandle kwexabiso layo lokuhombisa, i-Portulacaria afra inayo usetyenziso lwendalo, zokupheka kunye neyeza:
- ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni: Sesinye sezona zityalo zixatyiswe kakhulu zokuthinjwa kweCO2.2 emoyeni.
- Ukutya: Amagqabi ayo amatsha, aneasidi kancinane atyiwa kwiisaladi, isuphu, okanye njengesidlo esinenyama, ngakumbi eMzantsi Afrika.
- Ukhathalelo lolusu: Amagqabi atyumkileyo asetyenziswa njengesixhobo sendalo esithomalalisa ukutsha okuncinci ngenxa yamanzi aphezulu kunye nomxholo we-mucilage.
- Isetyenziswa kwi-bonsai: Inkqubo yayo eyomeleleyo yeengcambu kunye nokuhluma okulula kuyenza ilungele izitayile zebhonsai.
- Uphawu: Kwiinkcubeko ezininzi, kubalelwa ngokukwazi ukutsala ubutyebi, impumelelo kunye nethamsanqa kwikhaya okanye ishishini.
Ukusasazwa kwePortulacaria afra: ukwandisa umthi wakho wobuninzi
Ukuba ufuna ukufumana imizekelo emininzi, iPortulacaria afra kulula kakhulu ukuyikhulisa. zizala ngokusikwaUkusasazwa kwembewu kuyacotha kwaye kunqabile ekulimeni kwegadi yasekhaya.
- Sika ukusika malunga ne-10 cm ubude, ngokufanelekileyo kunye neeperesi ezi-2 okanye ezi-3 zamagqabi.
- Susa amagqabi asezantsi kwaye uyeke ukusikwa kome iiyure ezingama-24 ukupholisa inxeba.
- Tyala ukusika kwi-substrate emanzi kodwa engaxutywanga, kwindawo eqaqambileyo kodwa ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga ngqo ekuqaleni.
- Emva kweeveki ezi-3-4, i-cuttings iqala ukuvelisa iingcambu kunye namagqabi amatsha.
- Nje ukuba iingcambu, zifudukele kwindawo enelanga ukukhuthaza ukukhula.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba emva kokuthatha ukusika, kuqhelekile ukuba amanye amaqabunga ahlanjululwe okanye awele, kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukubeka iliso ekukhuleni kwakhona kwamahlumela aluhlaza.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo: ukuhla kweqabunga, ukungabikho kweentyantyambo kunye nezisombululo
Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona yonke inkathalo, i-Portulacaria afra ingabonisa iingxaki ezifana ukuwa kwegqabi, ukudodobala kokukhula, okanye ukungabikho kweentyatyambo. Ezi zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo:
- Ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukungabikho kwamanzi: esona sizathu siqhelekileyo samagqabi athambileyo okanye amnyama kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi anzima. Jonga i-substrate kwaye unciphise ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo.
- Ukungabikho kokukhanya: kubangela ukukhula okubuthathaka, amagqabi anqabileyo, kunye nokungabikho kweentyatyambo. Hambisa isityalo kwindawo enelanga.
- Utshintsho ngesiquphe kubushushu: kunokubangela ukuba isityalo silahle amagqabi njengendlela yokukhusela, ngakumbi emva kokutshintshwa okanye ukuhamba ngaphakathi.
- Ubudala obungonelanga: Ukuba isityalo siselula, sidinga ixesha lokufikelela ekuvuthweni kwaye siqale ukudubula.
- ukunqongophala kwezondlo: Ukuba ayizange ifakwe isichumisi, yongeza isichumisi ngexesha layo lokusebenza.
Ukuba amaqabunga ayawa emva kokusikwa, oku kuqhelekileyo kwaye kuyingxenye yenkqubo yokuhluma.
Iimpazamo ekufuneka uziphephe kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo zokuphumelela kweentyatyambo
- Kuphephe ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezichumisi, ngakumbi ezo zityebileyo kwinitrogen. Zikhuthaza ukukhula kwamagqabi kodwa hayi ukukhula kweentyatyambo.
- Ungaze unkcenkceshele ukuba i-substrate imanziKungcono ukusilela kunokuba uhambe kakhulu.
- Musa ukutshiza amanzi emagqabini, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezipholileyo okanye ezifumileyo.
- Xa ukutshintshwa okanye unako, vumela isityalo siphumle iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokunkcenkceshela kwakhona.
- Yiba nomonde:Iintyatyambo zisisiphumo seminyaka yokhathalelo kunye nokuzinza.
Ukufumana i-Portulacaria afra ukuba iqhakaze ekhaya ngumngeni ekufikeleleni kwabo bathatha ixesha lokuqonda iimfuno zayo, ukulungelelanisa ukunyamekela kwabo kwixesha lonyaka, kunye nokugcina ukuhambelana kunye nesigwebo unyaka nonyaka. Ukonwabela iintyatyambo zayo ezithambileyo ezipinki kunye nokukhula ngamandla unyaka nonyaka kuluphawu lokuqhubekeka, ukomelela, kunye nobuninzi bendalo ekhayeni lethu okanye egadini.