Kwiimeko ezithile, kukho imfuneko yokufunda ngokweenkcukacha indlela yomisa umthi ngeengcambuLe nkqubo iluncedo ngakumbi xa ufuna ukuwususa ngokupheleleyo umthi, kuquka neengcambu zawo, ukuwuthintela ukuba ungahlumi kwakhona okanye ubangele iingxaki zesakhiwo kwizakhiwo ezikufutshane okanye izibonelelo, okanye ukuwuthintela ekubeni ube yindawo yokuzalela izinambuzane. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza lo msebenzi, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqonda iiyantlukwano zabo kunye nezilumkiso eziyimfuneko zokuthintela ifuthe elibi kwi-ikhosistim engqongileyo.
Ukubaluleka kwendalo kunye nentlalo yemithi
Phambi kokujongana neendlela zokususa umthi, kubalulekile ukuqonda indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa yimithi kwindawo yendalo kunye nedolophu. Imithi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo izinto eziphilayo zendalo ezifana namahlathi ashinyeneyo, ashinyeneyo kunye namahlathi e-coniferousZinxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nomhlaba, imozulu, kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zendawo, ukuphuhlisa iimpawu ezivumela ukuba zivumelane neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo.
Xa uqwalasela izinto ezifuziselayo ezifana nomthi we<em>chaman , umthi wentsimbi , nomthi wemvula, ubani uyabuxabisa ubukhulu bazo nobude bayo obude, kunye neengcambu zazo ezingenzulwanga ezinabileyo ukuze zibusebenzise kakuhle ubuncwane bomhlaba. Ngokomzekelo, kwiindawo ezibandayo, imithi efana nepine kunye nefirs iye yaguquka ukuze imelane neqabaka kunye nobunzima bekhephu, iphuhlisa izithsaba ezimile okwephiramidi ezenza kube lula ukuwa kwekhephu.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimimandla yasezidolophini, imithi isebenza zombini imisebenzi yobuhle kunye nendalo. Zibonelela ngomthunzi, zifunxa izinto ezingcolisa umoya, zinciphisa amaqondo obushushu, kwaye zikhuthaze ukuba sempilweni ngokwasengqondweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukucwangciswa kakubi ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelela ekubeni eminye imithi ibekwe kwiindawo ezingafanelekanga, ezinokuthi zibangele umonakalo omkhulu kwizakhiwo, iipavumente, uthungelwano lwamanzi kunye neenkqubo zombane.
Ukukhuselwa kwemithi kudla ngokuba yinto ephambili ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo zokusingqongileyo: ukulawulwa kwemozulu, ukuthintela ukhukuliseko, kunye nekhusi kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana zasendle. Nangona kunjalo, Ukuphathwa kakubi kwamahlathi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokwandiswa kwedolophu okungacetywanga Ziye zakhokelela ekuxhatshazweni ngokugqithiseleyo okuchaphazela kakhulu i-ikhosistim kunye negalelo kukutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngenxa yoko ukubaluleka kokwenza izigqibo ezinoxanduva kwaye, ukuba umthi ufuna ngokwenene ukususwa, ukwenza oko ngokuchanekileyo nangendlela elawulwayo.
Izizathu zokomisa umthi kwiingcambu
Imithi inokuba yingxaki xa ikhula kwiindawo ezingafanelekanga, ngakumbi kwiindawo zasedolophini okanye kwezolimo, apho uphuhliso lwabo lunokuthi:
- Phakamisa iindlela zokuhamba, iindonga okanye izakhiwo ngokuhluma kweengcambu zawo.
- Ukuhlasela imibhobho yamanzi, ilindle, okanye uthungelwano lweengcingo ezingaphantsi komhlaba.
- Nciphisa ubukho bokukhanya okanye indawo yezinye izityalo okanye izityalo.
- Ukuba ngabathwali bezifo okanye izinambuzane ekunzima ukuzilawula kwiigadi okanye kwiindawo zezolimo.
- Yenza imingcipheko yokuwa kwamasebe okanye umthi ngokwawo ngexesha lezaqhwithi.
Ngaphezu koko, kwiifama ezizimeleyo kunye neziza, kunokuba yimfuneko ukususa imithi ukuphepha imiba yomthetho phakathi kwabamelwane, ukuthobela imimiselo yendawo, okanye ukunciphisa ingozi yomlilo. Kuzo zonke iimeko, Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuboniswane nemigaqo kamasipala ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mimiselo yaphulwayo, ngakumbi ngeentlobo zezityalo ezikhuselweyo.Imvume yogunyaziwe onobuchule inokuba sisinyanzelo kwiimeko ezithile.
Iindlela ezisebenzayo zokumisa umthi kwiingcambu
Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezisebenzayo zokumisa ngokupheleleyo umthi kwiingcambu. Ukukhetha inkqubo eyiyo kuya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomthi, ubungakanani bawo, indawo yawo, ixesha elikhoyo, nokuba ukhangela indlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo, ekhawulezayo okanye eyingqondi. Kubalulekile ukuba uthathe amanyathelo okhuseleko ayimfuneko ukuze uthintele ukonakalisa izityalo ezikufutshane, ukungcolisa umhlaba, okanye ukubeka emngciphekweni impilo yabantu okanye yezilwanyana.
Indlela enetyuwa ye-Epsom okanye ityuwa yelitye
Ukusetyenziswa Ityuwa ye-Epsom (i-magnesium sulfate) okanye ityuwa yelitye Yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo kwaye ikhuseleke ngokusingqongileyo yokomisa umthi kunye neengcambu zawo. Le nkqubo iluncedo ngakumbi xa unexesha kwaye ukhetha ukuphepha ukusebenzisa imichiza enzima.
- Gqoka imingxuma emininzi kwisiphunzi okanye kwisiseko selog, usebenzisa i-drill bit enkulu (ubuncinci isiqingatha se-intshi ububanzi).
- Galela ityuwa ye-Epsom okanye ityuwa yelitye emingxunyeni kwaye uyigqume ngewax okanye iparafini ukuthintela ukuba inganyibiliki xa kunkcenkceshelwa okanye imvula yokuqala.
- Lo mthi uya kufunxa ityuwa, nto leyo eya komisa izicwili neengcambu zawo kwiiveki okanye iinyanga eziliqela, nto leyo ethintela ukukhula kwakhona.
Musa ukusebenzisa ityuwa yetafile, njengoko oku kunokungcolisa umhlaba kwaye kuchaphazele impilo yezinye izityalo okanye izilwanyana zasekhaya. Ityuwa ye-Epsom kunye netyuwa yelitye ayinatyhefu kwaye, xa isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, ayiyi kushiya iintsalela ezinobungozi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula
Ukusetyenziswa imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula Isebenza kakhulu ekupheliseni imithi ngeengcambu, ngakumbi kwimithi ephinde yahluma emva kokugawulwa. Iimveliso ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-glyphosate, i-triclopyr, kunye nezinye ii-herbicides ze-systemic, ezifunxa ngezicubu kwaye zitshabalalise zombini i-trunk kunye neengcambu.
- Yenza amanxeba okanye imingxunya kwisiseko sesiqu okanye iziphunzi ukuze kube lula ukufunxa.
- Faka umchiza wokutshabalalisa ukhula ngokuthe ngqo emingxunyeni okanye kwixolo elivelileyo ulandela imiyalelo yomenzi.
- Kulumkele ukudityaniswa kwemveliso nezinye izityalo, njengoko zisenokuzomisa.
Gquma isiqu kunye neengcambu (Indlela yokufuthanisela)
Enye indlela ekhuseleke ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-ecology ku gubungela ngokupheleleyo isiphunzi okanye isiseko somthi ngezinto ezicwebezelayo kunye neeplastiki ezishinyeneyo, ezithintela ukungena kokukhanya namanzi.
- Songa isiphunzi kunye nendawo yeengcambu ezingenzulwanga ngeengxowa ezimnyama, iitarp zeplastiki, okanye ikhadibhodi enzima egqunywe ngeplastiki.
- Khusela izinto ngokuqinileyo emhlabeni ukukhusela ukuhamba kokukhanya kunye nomoya.
- Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukungabikho kwe-photosynthesis kunye nokufuma kuya kukhawulezisa ukomiswa komthi.
Ukukhala okanye ukukhwaza
El ringed Yindlela elumkileyo nesebenzayo, ede isetyenziswe emahlathini ukususa iisampuli ngaphandle kokugawula umthi ngokupheleleyo. Ibandakanya ukususa isangqa esisi-5 ukuya kwi-10 cm ububanzi bexolo esijikeleze isiqu, ukuphelisa umaleko we-phloem ohambisa izondlo ukusuka emagqabini ukuya ezingcanjini.
- Yenza ukucoca, ukusika okunzulu malunga ne-trunk, ukusika kwi-bark kunye ne-cambium layer.
- Yisonge ngeplastiki emnyama ukuba ufuna ukukhawulezisa inkqubo kwaye ugweme ukubhaqwa.
- Umthi uya kufa kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye neentlobo.
Le ndlela ihlala ingaqatshelwa kwaye iyacetyiswa kwiimeko apho kufuneka ingqiqo. Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu, jonga inqaku lethu Indlela yokwenza ikhaka kwizityalo ezibuthathaka.
Izitofu ezithe ngqo zokubulala ukhula
Las iinaliti zokubulala ukhula Bamele indlela encinci kunye nesebenzayo yokomisa imithi ngendlela ejoliswe kuyo, efanelekileyo xa ungafuni ukuchaphazela uhlaza olujikelezileyo.
- Imingxunya emincinci yenziwa kwi-trunk nge-drill kwaye i-herbicide igalelwe nganye kuzo.
- Imveliso ingena ngokuthe ngqo kwi-vascular system yomthi, iqinisekisa ukufa kwayo yonke into ephilayo yesityalo, kubandakanywa neengcambu.
Ukubethelela iinzipho zethusi
Indlela yesintu ibandakanya faka izikhonkwane zobhedu kwi-trunkIiyoni zobhedu zinetyhefu emithini, ngakumbi ukuba izikhonkwane ezininzi zifakwe kwisangqa kufutshane nesiseko:
- Sebenzisa izikhonkwane zobhedu ezinde kwaye uziqhube ngokunzulu kwiindawo ezininzi kwi-trunk.
- Njengoko iinyanga zihamba, umthi uya koma kwaye ubole ngokwemvelo.
- Ayingcolisi umhlaba okanye ibeke imingcipheko yokusingqongileyo, nangona iyinkqubo ecothayo.
Isichumiso se-nitrogen sokukhawulezisa ukubola
Ukukhawulezisa ukubola kwesiphunzi kunye neengcambu, unga:
- Gqoka imingxuma emininzi kwisiphunzi usebenzisa i-drill kunye nentwana enkulu.
- Gcwalisa imingxuma nge isichumiso senitrogen okanye umgquba.
- I-nitrojeni iya kukhuthaza umsebenzi wokubola kwefungi kunye neebhaktheriya, inceda ukhuni ukubola kwiiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6.
- Gcina ummandla ufumile ukukhuthaza ukuthotywa kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ngaba kuyacetyiswa ukusebenzisa ibleach okanye iklorini?
Abanye abantu bacinga ukusebenzisa ibleach okanye iklorine ukususa imithi, kodwa Oku akukhuthazwaEzi mveliso zingcolisa umhlaba, zisenokonakalisa i-aquifer ekufutshane, kwaye azisebenzi ncam ekutshabalaliseni iingcambu zemithi. Basenokubeka imingcipheko yempilo kwizilwanyana zasekhaya nakubantu. Kuhlala kungcono ukukhetha iindlela zendalo okanye imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula eqinisekisiweyo.
Imiba yomthetho kunye nezilumkiso phambi kokuthatha inyathelo
Ngaphambi kokuqala nayiphi na inkqubo yokomisa umthi kwiingcambu, kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba semthethweni kwesenzo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo, iintlobo kunye nemimiselo yendawo:
- Oomasipala abaninzi banemimiselo ekhusela iindidi ezithile okanye ethintela ukususwa kwemithi emikhulu ngaphandle kwemvume.
- Izohlwayo zokugawula okanye ukubulala umthi okhuselweyo zinokuba phezulu kakhulu.
- Ukuba umthi ukufuphi neentambo zombane, izakhiwo okanye ufakelo oluyingozi, soloko uqhagamshelana nengcali eqinisekisiweyo okanye inkampani yombane ukuphepha iingozi ezinkulu.
- Vavanya imingcipheko yezomthetho neyendalo phambi kokuba wenze okuthile.
Kwiimeko zongquzulwano lwabamelwane, eyona nto isengqiqweni kukuqale ubhenele kwabasemagunyeni okanye kubalamli ukuze bacombulule ingxaki ngoxolo nangokusemthethweni, kuphetshwe izenzo ezifihlakeleyo ezisenokukhokelela kwizikhalazo okanye izohlwayo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nokomisa imithi ngeengcambu
- Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilumkileyo yokomisa umthi? Iinaliti zebhanti kunye nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula zikholisa ukungabonakali kancinci, ngakumbi ukuba indawo leyo igqunywe ngeplastiki emnyama.
- Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba umthi wome usebenzisa ezi ndlela? Ixesha lihluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela kunye neentlobo: ukusuka kwiiveki ezi-4 (kunye ne-herbicides injected, i-Epsom ityuwa, kunye ne-asphyxiation) ukuya kwiinyanga eziliqela ukuba izikhonkwane zobhedu okanye i-mulching ngaphandle kweekhemikhali zisetyenziswa.
- Ngaba inkqubo inokukhawuleziswa? Ukusebenzisa imidibaniso yeendlela (umzekelo, i-banding plus herbicide, okanye ukugrumba ityuwa kunye ne-topdressing), kunye nokunyusa izinga okanye inani leendawo zokusetyenziswa.
- Yintoni onokuyenza ngesiphunzi esomileyo? Yakuba yomile, inokususwa ngesandla okanye ngoomatshini, okanye iyekwe ukuze isebenze njengendawo yokusabela izilwanyana zasendle okanye ibole ngokwemvelo, yongeza izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
- Ngaba kukhuselekile ukwenza ezi ndlela kufutshane nezinye izityalo? Iindlela zomzimba (ukubhinqisa, ukugquma, izikhonkwane zobhedu) zikhuselekile, ngelixa iindlela zemichiza zinokulimaza ezinye izityalo xa zingasetyenziswanga ngononophelo.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye neengcebiso ezongezelelweyo
- Gwema ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezingagunyaziswanga (i-bleach, ityuwa yetafile, ioli esetyenzisiweyo) engcolisa umhlaba.
- Musa ukuzama ukususa imithi emikhulu wedwa ukuba awunamava okanye izixhobo ezifanelekileyo; unokuba sesichengeni kumonzakalo wakho okanye umonakalo wepropathi.
- Funa iingcebiso zengcali ukuba umthi usengozini okanye ukuba unemibuzo yomthetho malunga nesenzo.
- Beka phambili ezona ndlela zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo xa kunokwenzeka.
Ukuzibophelela kokusingqongileyo
Ukususa umthi ngeengcambu zawo kufuneka kube sisenzo esifanelekileyo kwaye sithathwe njengento yokugqibela. Khumbula ukuba umthi ngamnye unegalelo kwizinto eziphilayo zasezidolophini nasezilalini, ngoko ke ukuba umthi awubangeli isoyikiso okanye ingxaki, kusoloko kukhethwa ukuwugcina nokuwunyamekela. Kungenjalo, sebenzisa eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo, izinzileyo, neyona ingenabungozi kokusingqongileyo.
Ukufunda indlela yokomisa umthi ngeengcambu zawo kukuvumela ukuba uphendule ngokufanelekileyo kwiingxaki ezivela ekukhuleni okungafanelekanga kwemithi kwiidolophu, ezolimo, okanye kwiindawo zendalo. Xa ukhetha indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu, kuhlale kucetyiswa ukuba uqale uqwalasele iindlela zokulondoloza, kwaye ukuba ukususwa kubalulekile, qhubela phambili ngolwazi olucacileyo, ukuhlonipha ukusemthethweni kunye nokulinganisela kokusingqongileyo. Ukukhetha iindlela ezikhuselekileyo kunye nokuphepha ukungcoliseka kwendalo akuqinisekisi kuphela ukusebenza kwenkqubo, kodwa kunye nentlonipho yendawo esihlala kuyo.