Imithi zizinto eziyimfuneko kuyo nayiphi na igadi, kwaye ubukho bayo bubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi zendalo kunye nobuhle. Ukusuka emthunzini wendalo kunye nokuphucula i-microclimate ekudaleni iindawo zokuhlala zeentaka kunye nezinambuzane, imithi inegalelo elikhulu kwintlalontle kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukukhula kwazo kunokuzisa imingeni, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezincinci okanye xa zibekwe kufutshane nezakhiwo kunye nezinye izityalo. Ukulawula ubungakanani bomthi, ukuthintela ukukhula okugqithisileyo, kunye nokulawula ukukhula kweengcambu akuyona nje into yobuhle okanye indawo, kodwa kunye nokhuseleko kunye nokugcinwa kwezakhiwo.
Kutheni unciphisa ukukhula komthi?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezibalulekileyo Ukuqwalasela indlela yokuthintela umthi ukuba ungakhuli kakhulu egadini okanye kwiindawo ezisezidolophini:
- Indawo encinci kunye nobuhleKwiigadi ezincinci okanye i-patios, umthi ongalawulwayo unokuthatha indawo engaphezulu kunokuba uyifunayo, echaphazela ukukhanya kunye nokuhlelwa kwendawo engqongileyo.
- Ukusondela kwizakhiwoUkukhula okugqithisileyo kunokubeka iindonga, iziseko, uphahla, indledlana, kunye nezinye izakhiwo emngciphekweni ngenxa yoxinzelelo lweengcambu kunye namasebe.
- Ulawulo lwezixhobo:Imithi emikhulu kakhulu ikhuphisana nezinye izityalo ngamanzi, izondlo kunye nokukhanya, ezinokuchaphazela impilo yonke yegadi.
- Ukuthintela imingcipheko: Amasebe amakhulu kakhulu anokuwa ngexesha lezaqhwithi, kwaye iingcambu ezingalawulekiyo zinokuphazamisa amanzi, amanzi, okanye iinkqubo zombane.
- Umthetho kunye nezithethe zoluntuKwiindawo zasezidolophini, kukho imimiselo elawula kwaye inciphise ubungakanani kunye nendawo yemithi ukuphepha ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabamelwane kunye nokugcina ilifa lezityalo.
Iindlela kunye nobuchule bokunciphisa ukukhula kwemithi
Ukulawula ukukhula komthi Ibandakanya indlela ebanzi, esekelwe kwindibaniselwano yezenzo zenkcubeko, ukukhethwa kweentlobo, iindlela ezithile zokuthena, kunye nesondlo kunye nolawulo lokunkcenkceshela. Ezona ndlela zisebenzayo kwaye zibanzi zichazwe ngezantsi:
Ukukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kweentlobo ngaphambi kokutyala
Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuthintela umthi ukuba ungakhuli ube mkhulu kunoko unqwenelayo kukukhetha iintlobo ze ukukhula kancinci okanye ubungakanani obuncinci. Ezinye iintlobo zendalo zigcina ubungakanani obuncinci, zilungele iindawo ezincinci okanye iipatio zasezidolophini. Phanda ngokukhula kohlobo ngalunye ngaphambi kokutyala, unikel’ ingqalelo kwizinto ezifana nezi:
- Ubude bomntu omdala y ububanzi bekomityi
- inkqubo yeengcambu (iingcambu ezihlaselayo vs. iingcambu ezilawulwayo)
- Ukumelana nemozulu yendawo yakho
Phakathi kwezona ntlobo zicetyiswayo zi UCercis siliquastrum, Citrus (iziqhamo zesitrasi), I-Koelreuteria paniculata, IAlbizia julibrissin y IPrunus cerasifera, phakathi kwabanye.
Uqeqesho kunye nokulawula ukuthenwa: ubuchule obuphambili
Ukuthena yeyona ndlela isebenzayo Ukulawula ubungakanani bomthi. Ivumela ukulawula ubude kunye nokusabalalisa kwecala kunye nokukhuthaza ukubunjwa okunempilo, ukubumbana. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuthena kule njongo:
Ukunciphisa isithsaba
Oku kubandakanya ukusika amasebe aphambili ukunciphisa ukukhula okuthe nkqo. Ukuthena kufuneka kwenziwe:
- Ukuchonga esona sikhokelo (amasebe awongameleyo) kwaye usike kwisebe elisecaleni elinamandla elikhula ngokuthe tye.
- Phindaphinda rhoqo ngonyaka ukuthintela ukuntshula ukuya phezulu kwakhona.
Ukuhluma okulawulwayo
Iluncedo kakhulu, ngakumbi kwimithi emincinci. Incam yesiqu esiphambili isusiwe kwiisentimitha ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwehlumela elijonge ngaphandle, elikhuthaza ukukhula kwecala kwaye linqande ukukhula kobude.
Ukuthenwa kwe-lateral kothintelo kunye nokunciphisa umjikelezo
Inceda ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwe-canopy. Sika amasebe adlula umjikelezo ofunekayo kwifolokhwe yangaphakathi, ehlala egcina ibhalansi yendalo yendalo.
Ukukhetha ukukhetha
Ukuphelisa amasebe angaphakathi, anqamlezileyo, abuthathaka okanye angahambi kakuhle, ukuvumela umoya ongcono kunye nokunciphisa amandla apheleleyo ngaphandle kokunciphisa kakhulu umthi.
Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuthena
- Ebusika ekupheleni / ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo: Xa umthi ulele, uxinzelelo kunye nelahleko yencindi iyancitshiswa.
- Ukuphela kwehlobo: Kwimithi yeziqhamo, ukuthena kunokukhuthazwa emva kokuvuna, kuthothe ukuhluma kwakhona ngamandla.
- Ungaze uchebe ngexesha leqabaka okanye ubushushu obugqithisileyo, kwaye ugweme ukususa ngaphezu kwe-25-30% yamagqabi ewonke ngexesha elinye.
Izixhobo ezicetyiswayo zokuthena okufanelekileyo
- Izikere zokuthena: Kumasebe amancinci (ngaphantsi kwe-1 cm)
- Iisarha zezandla okanye iisarha zezandla: Kumasebe aphakathi (1-3 cm)
- Iisaha okanye izixhobo zamandla: Kumasebe ashinyeneyo (ngaphezu kwe-4 cm).
- Iiplatifti zokuphakamisa kunye neentambo zokhuseleko: Kwimithi emikhulu okanye ukuthenwa kumphakamo.
Ungalibali ukwenza izixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane phambi kokusetyenziswa ngakunye ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo.
Ukulawulwa kokuchumisa nokunkcenkceshela
El Ukuchumisa nokunkcenkceshela zizinto ezimisela amandla okukhula kwawo nawuphi na umthi.Ukunqanda ukukhula ngokugqithisileyo:
- Ziphephe izichumisi ezityebileyo kwinitrogen, ekubeni zikhulisa ukukhula kwezityalo.
- Ukuba ugqiba ukuhlawula, sebenzisa iimveliso ezivela ukukhululwa okucothayo okanye iifomyula eziphantsi kwe-nitrogen kwaye zicebile kwi-potassium kunye ne-phosphorus, ukuqinisa iingcambu kunye neentyantyambo ngaphandle kokuvuselela amahlumela amaninzi.
- Nkcenkceshela kuphela xa i-substrate yomile kwaye ungaze ukhukulise umhlaba. Amanzi amaninzi akhuthaza ukukhula kwaye angenza buthathaka iingcambu ngenxa yokubola.
Ukuthenwa kweengcambu kunye neendlela ezilawulwayo zoxinzelelo
Kwimithi emincinci (engaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala), ukuthenwa kweengcambu yindlela ephucukileyo nethambileyo, ecetyiswa kuphela kubalimi abanamava. Ibandakanya ukusika malunga ne-20-30% yeengcambu ezijikelezayo ngexesha le-dormancy yasebusika. Oku kunciphisa okwexeshana amandla okufunxa izondlo zomthi, kucothisa ukukhula kwecanopy kunye neengcambu.
Ezinye iindlela zobugcisa ziquka ukukhala ngokuyinxenye (ukusikwa okungaphezulu kunye nenxalenye yexolo ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwezondlo) kunye ulawulo oluphakathi lokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa.
Isilumkiso: Ukuthenwa kweengcambu okanye ukubhinqisa kunokubangela ukungazinzi kwimithi ekhulileyo kwaye kufuneka yenziwe kuphela ngezandla zeengcali.
Ukunciphisa ukukhula ngokhuphiswano phakathi kwezityalo
Ukutyala ezinye iintlobo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza okanye ezinobungakanani obufanayo kufutshane nomthi wakho ukunciphisa ingcambu kunye nendawo yomoya, ukunyanzela umthi ukuba ukhule ngaphantsi ngenxa yokhuphiswano lwemithombo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ushiye umgama okhuselekileyo (i-1-2 yeemitha) ukunqanda uxinzelelo olumandla kunye nezifo ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yokungangeni komoya kakubi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezithintelo zomzimba ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunye nezinye izisombululo zeengcambu
Ulawulo lweengcambu Ibaluleke kanye njengecanopy yomthi. Iingcambu zingophula iindlela zeenyawo, ziphakamise iipavumente, kwaye zonakalise iziseko. Ukunqanda oku:
- Imisele ezaliswe ngekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyoYomba umsele ojikeleze umthi, 50-60 cm ukusuka esiqwini, ubuncinci yimitha e-1 ubunzulu kunye ne-30 cm ububanzi. Yigcwalise ngesamente, isanti, kunye namanzi, kwaye uyiqinise ngeentsimbi zokuvala ukungena kweengcambu.
- Iminatha ye-Anti-rhizome: La ngamashiti eplastiki, isinyithi, okanye i-geotextile ebekwe ngokuthe nkqo kumjikelezo ongaphantsi komhlaba womthi ukuze uqondise iingcambu kwakhona kwaye zithintele ukuba zinganwenweli kwiindawo ezinobuzaza. Ilungele iintlobo ezinengcambu ezindlongondlongo.
- Iimbiza ezingcwatyweUkutyala umthi ngokuthe ngqo kwimbiza enkulu, engcwatywe (ubuncinci be-50 cm ububanzi) kuthintela ukukhula kweengcambu zombini kunye nesithsaba. Ukukhupha amanzi kakuhle kubalulekile.
- Ukuthenwa kweengcambu okukhethiweyo: Ngokudibanisa neendlela zangaphambili, kunokunceda ukugcina inkqubo yeengcambu phantsi kolawulo, nangona kufuneka yenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze ingabi buthathaka umthi.
Ukhathalelo lwasemva kunye nokugcinwa konyaka
Umthi ophantsi ukuthena okunemiqathango okanye ulawulo lokukhula ifuna ukubekwa esweni okukhethekileyo kunye nokhathalelo ukuthintela uxinzelelo, ukugula kunye nobuthathaka besakhiwo:
- Beka esweni ukuphiliswa zokusikeka ezinkulu kwaye usebenzise sealants ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Beka iliso kwimbonakalo yeehlumela ezithe nkqo (iisuckers) kwaye uzisuse ngexesha.
- Gcina ukunkcenkceshela okwaneleyo kwaye ufake i-organic mulch ukugcina ukufuma kunye nokunciphisa ukhuphiswano lokhula.
- Faka unyango lothintelo (amachiza okungunda) emva kokuthenwa ngamandla, ingakumbi ngamaxesha okumanzi.
- Iqinisekisa ukuchumisa okulinganayo ukuze ungavuseleli ukukhula kwakhona okungafunwayo.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zokuphepha xa ulawula ubungakanani bomthi
- Ukuthenwa ngokugqithisileyo okanye okwesithathu: Ukusika ngokungakhethiyo onke amasebe ukuya kubude obufanayo kukhuthaza amahlumela anamandla kwaye buthathaka isakhiwo.
- Ukususa amagqabi amaninzi kwiseshoni enyeAkukho ngaphezu kwe-25-30% yamagqabi ewonke kufuneka asuswe. Ukunciphisa kakhulu kubangela ubuthathaka kunye nokuchayeka kwizinambuzane kunye nokutshiswa lilanga.
- Ukusika okungalungangaKuphephe ukusika ukugungxula ngesiqu okanye ukushiya izikhondo. Ukusikwa kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle kwekhola yesebe ukuze kube lula ukuphilisa.
- Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezingenazintsholongwane: Inokudlulisela izifo phakathi kwemizekelo.
Iingqwalasela ezikhethekileyo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomthi
Uhlobo ngalunye luphendula ngokwahlukileyo kuthintelo lokukhula. Ezinye iingcebiso ezisekelwe kuhlobo:
- Imithi ekhula ngokukhawuleza (iipopulari, i-eucalyptus, iingcunube): zifuna ukuthenwa rhoqo kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lokukhula kwakhona.
- IiConifers kunye neevergreensAbadli ngokuntshula kumthi omdala; Kungcono ukuba uzithintele ekunqunqeni amahlumela amancinci.
- Imithi yeziqhamoUlinganisa ulawulo lobungakanani kunye nemveliso. Iinkqubo zokusika i-Espalier (i-palmette, i-cordon) ivumela ukuphakama okuphantsi kunye nemveliso ephezulu. Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya kubuchule obuthile, ndwendwela ukuthena imithi yeziqhamo.
Imiba yomthetho nolawulo
Kwimimandla emininzi kukho imimiselo ethile kulawulo nolawulo lokukhula kwemithi, ingakumbi kwimimandla yasezidolophini okanye ngeentlobo ezikhuselweyo. Phambi kokuthenwa okuqatha, jonga imithetho yendawo ukunqanda izohlwayo kwaye uhloniphe amaxesha avunyelweyo kunye neenkqubo. Kwimithi ehlelwe njengeyodwa okanye ebekwe kwiindlela zikawonke-wonke, ugunyaziso lwangaphambili lukamasipala luyafuneka.
Iinzuzo zokulawula ubungakanani bomthi
- Ugcina uyilo lwembonakalo-mhlaba kunye nebhalansi yendawo.
- Ukuthintela umonakalo wepropathi ngeengcambu ezihlaselayo okanye amasebe awileyo.
- Uququzelela ukugcinwa kwegadi kwaye ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ngokufanelekileyo.
- Nciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nezaqhwithi, imimoya okanye ikhephu elinzima.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nendlela yokuthintela umthi ukuba ungakhuli kakhulu
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba umthi ungakhuli ngaphandle kokuwonakalisa?
Ukukhula kwendalo komthi akunakumiswa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela impilo yawo, kodwa kunokuthintelwa ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzinzileyo kusetyenziswa ubuchule obuchaziweyo.
Yintoni enokuyenza ukuba umthi sele ukhulile kwaye ukhulu kakhulu?
Eyona nto ilungileyo kukusebenza kwasebuncinaneni. Kwimizekelo yabantu abadala, sebenzisa ukuthena imithi ngokuqhubekayo, ukuphepha amanxeba amabi avelisa uxinzelelo. Qhagamshelana neendlela ezithile zemithi yeziqhamo ukugcina ubungakanani bayo kunye nempilo.
Leliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokuqalisa ukubeka iliso kokukhula?
Ukususela kunyaka wokuqala emva kokutyala. Ngokukhawuleza uqala, iziphumo ezingcono kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci isityalo siya kubandezeleka.
Ngaba ndingatyala imithi kwiimbiza ukulawula ubukhulu bayo?
Ewe. Imbiza inciphisa indawo yeengcambu, inciphisa ubukhulu becala. Ukwenza oku, khangela imithi efanelekileyo kwiindawo ezincinciKubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi ahamba kakuhle kwaye abeke iliso kunkcenkcesho.
Ngaba abalawuli beekhemikhali banceda ukukhula okucothayo?
Nangona izilawuli zokukhula ezisekelwe kwi-phytohormone zikhona, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kugcinelwe iinjongo zobungcali kunye nezolimo kwaye akukhuthazwa ukulima ekhaya ngenxa yemiphumo enokwenzeka.
