Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokutyala imifire: nini, njani, kunye nokhathalelo lwamanyathelo

Umthi wefir ungomnye wemithi ephawulekayo kwigadi kunye nemihlobiso yeKrisimesi, kwaye ukuyitshala kunokwenza zombini igalelo lokuhlobisa kunye nokusingqongileyo kwigadi. Nini kwaye njani ukutyala umthi wefir ngenyathelo Kubalulekile ukuba isityalo sakho sikhule ngokusempilweni nangokuhle iminyaka emininzi. Ngezantsi, sinikezela ngesona sikhokelo sokugqibela, ukudibanisa ulwazi olubanzi malunga nenkqubo yokutyala, ukhathalelo lwasemva, kunye neengcebiso zomntu ezisekelwe kwiimeko ezikhulayo, usebenzisa zonke izitshixo ozidingayo ukuze uqinisekise impumelelo.

Loluphi uhlobo lomthi omele ukhethe?

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo yokutyala, kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo lomthi wefir olulungele iimfuno zakho kunye neemeko zendawo. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ziquka:

• UNordmanniana uyabeleka (iCaucasian Fir): idume kakhulu njengomthi weKrisimesi ngenxa yokuma kwawo okulinganayo.
• enzonzobileni alba (Ifir emhlophe): inzalelwane yaseYurophu, iqinile kwaye inkulu.
• IPicea glauca 'uConica': ukukhula kancinci kwaye kufanelekile kwiimbiza.
• Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii): igqame ngokukhula kwayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nevumba elimnandi.

Zama ukukhetha izityalo ezinempilo ezinamagqabi acwebezelayo, aluhlaza (iinaliti), ezingenayo indawo ezomileyo kunye neempawu zezinambuzane. Khetha izityalo ezimiliselwe kwizikhongozeli, njengoko zinyamezela ukutshintshwa ngcono kakhulu kunezo zineengcambu zeengcambu ezisongelwe ngelaphu okanye iingcambu ezingenanto.

Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyala umthi wefir

Ukutyala ngempumelelo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwixesha. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyala umthi wefir ngokuqhelekileyo ekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, xa umhlaba uqalisa ukunyibilika namaqondo obushushu asepholile. Enye indlela esebenzayo yi ukuwa, ukuphepha iqabaka yokuqala.

Kwimozulu epholileyo, efumileyo, intwasahlobo okanye ikwindla iqinisekisa ukuba iingcambu zinexesha lokukhula ngaphambi kokuba kuqalise ubushushu obukhulu ehlotyeni okanye kubanda kakhulu. Kuphephe ukutyala phakathi ehlotyeni, ekubeni amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi kwenza ukuba ingcambu ibe nzima kwaye inokonakalisa inkqubo yeengcambu zefir.

Iimfuno zemozulu kunye nomhlaba wespruce

• Imozulu: Ifir ikhula kakuhle kwindawo enemozulu epholileyo, enobusika obufumileyo kunye nehlobo elipholileyo. Amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo ehlotyeni akufunekanga adlule kuma-30°C. Inyamezela iqabaka nekhephu, kodwa hayi ubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ixesha elide lembalela.
• Ukufuma: Ifuna ukufuma okuphakathi ukuya kophezulu. Kwiindawo ezomileyo, ngokukodwa ngaphakathi kwindlu ebusika, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufefe amasebe awo ngamanzi ukukhusela iinaliti ukuba zome.
• Umboniso: Ikhetha iindawo ezinomthunzi ophakathi, nangona iyakwazi ukunyamezela ilanga elipheleleyo ukuba umhlaba ugcinwe upholile kwaye ufumile. Kubalulekile ukuyikhusela kumoya onamandla, onokuwomisa amasebe awo kwaye uwenze buthathaka.
• Umhlaba: Ifuna umhlaba onzulu, otyebileyo otyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi okugqwesileyo. Imihlaba exinene kakhulu okanye enodongwe yonyusa ingozi yokubola kweengcambu kunye nezinye izifo.

Ukulungiswa kwendawo kunye ne-substrate

1. Ukucocwa kwendawo: Susa ukhula, amatye kunye nobutyobo bezityalo ukuququzelela ukukhula kweengcambu.
2. Ugrumba: Yomba umngxuma ubuncinci amaxesha ama-3-4 ububanzi kunengcambu yeengcambu zesityalo nobunzulu obufanayo okanye ubunzulu kancinci. Oku kuvumela iingcambu ukuba zisasazeke ngokulula.
3. Isiseko: Gcwalisa umzantsi ngomxube womhlaba ongaphezulu, i-peat, i-coconut fiber, kunye ne-worm castings. Unokongeza i-perlite okanye i-vermiculite ukuphucula amanzi.
4. Ukuhlaziya umhlaba: Ukuba umthi wefir uneengcambu ezonakalisiweyo, yongeza i-regenerator yomhlaba ngokusekelwe kwiipolymers ezithatha amanzi. Olu hlobo lwemveliso lugcina amanzi, lubonelela ngezondlo, kwaye lunciphisa uxinzelelo lokutshintshwa.

Xuba i-regenerator ngokulinganayo kwi-substrate, ngokulandela i-dosage ekhuthazwa ngumenzi, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-6 grams ngelitha yomhlaba.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokhathalelo lwemithi yeKrisimesi yendalo

Indlela yokutyala umthi womfire ngenyathelo

1. Ukunkcenkceshela kwangaphambili: Gcwalisa umngxuma wokutyala ngamanzi kwaye uwuyeke ungene ngaphakathi. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba umanzi kwaye ukhuthaza ukuhluma kokuqala.
2. Ukukhutshwa: Susa ngokucophelela umthi wefir kwisitya okanye isikhwama, uqaphele ukuba ungonakalisi iingcambu. Ukuba i-rootball yome kakhulu, yifake emanzini imizuzu embalwa.
3. Ukubekwa: Beka umthi emngxunyeni, uqinisekise ukuba umphezulu webhola yeengcambu ulingana nomphezulu womhlaba. Musa ukuwungcwaba umboko kunokuba ubesembizeni;
4. Stuffed: Gcwalisa umngxuma ngomxube olungiselelweyo wembiza kwaye ucinezele kancinci ukuphelisa iipokotho zomoya. Kuphephe ukugawula umhlaba kakhulu ukuze uthintele ukukhula kweengcambu.
5. Ukunkcenkceshela kokuqala: Nkcenkceshela kwakhona ngesisa ukuhlalisa umhlaba kwaye unike ukufuma okwaneleyo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sepayini kunye neefirs: iintlobo, umahluko, kunye nokhathalelo oluyimfuneko

Ukunyamekela iSpruce eSand' UkuLinywa

• Unkcenkceshelo: Umhlaba kufuneka ugcinwe ufumile kodwa ungamanzi. Ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, okuphakathi kuyathandeka kunkcenkceshelo ezinkulu, eziqeleleneyo. Qinisekisa ukuba amanzi aphuma kakuhle.
• Ukufuma: Ukuba ugcina umthi wakho wefir ngaphakathi, fafaza amagqabi awo rhoqo. Yigcine kude nemithombo yobushushu eyenziweyo efana neeradiyetha okanye izifudumezi.
• Khuselo: Ukuba ukutshintshwa kwenzeka emva kweKrisimesi, faka umthi wefir ngaphandle kwikona ekhuselweyo emoyeni kunye nokukhanya kwelanga ngqo ukuze ugweme ukuphelelwa amanzi.
• I-Mulch: Gubungela indawo ekufutshane nesiqu nge-pine bark, amagqabi omisiweyo, okanye umgquba. Oku kuya kugcina umswakama kunye nokukhusela iingcambu kubanda okanye ukushisa.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Gqibezela iSikhokelo kwiZityalo zeKrisimesi zokuhombisa ikhaya lakho kunye negadi

Ixesha lokutshintshela umthi womsipres kumyezo wokugqibela

Ukuba i-fir yakho idlulile isigaba sayo sokuqala embizeni, kukulungele ukuyigcina kwisikhongozeli unyaka wonke wokuqala Emva kokutyala okokuqala, qinisekisa ukuba iingcambu ezintsha zikhula ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ukutshintshela kumhlaba wokugqibela kuya kuba nzima kwaye umthi uya kuzinza ngakumbi. Ngaphambi kokuba uyifudusele egadini, qiniseka ukuba:

• Ayilahlekanga amagqabi kwaye inamahlumelo amatsha.
• Imozulu ilungile kwaye akukho mngcipheko weqabaka okanye amaza obushushu.
• Indawo entsha inika umhlaba ofanelekileyo kunye neemeko zokuvezwa.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Imithi ekwazi ukumelana neqabaka: isikhokelo esipheleleyo kunye neentlobo ezicetyiswayo

Iingcebiso zokutshintshwa kunye nokulungelelanisa

• Kulumkele ukuhlwayela phakathi kwehlobo, ixesha loxinzelelo olukhulu lwamanzi kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
• Ikhetha ubusika ekupheleni okanye ekwindla, xa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi omthi kuphantsi kwaye iimeko zincinci kakhulu kwiingcambu.
• Yilumkele oko kufakelo musa ukuziqhawula iingcambuNawuphi na umonakalo unokucothisa ukukhula kwaye unciphise amathuba okuphumelela.
• Emva kokutyala kwindawo yayo yokugqibela, qhubeka ubeke iliso lokunkcenkceshela kunye nokukhusela emoyeni kunye nelanga elithe ngqo, ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Uyicutha njani ngokufanelekileyo ingxolo yeTrafikhi kwiGadi yakho: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo seNdalo kunye noLwakhiwo lweZandi

Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuziphepha

• Ukuphonononga: Ukuba umhlaba awuphuthi kakuhle, iingcambu zinokubola. Soloko usebenzisa umhlaba ongena umoya kwaye uqinisekise ukuba amanzi ayaphuma emva kokunkcenkceshela.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvezwa lilanga elinamandla okanye umoya, okanye ukuba i-substrate yomile kakhulu. Gcina i-mulch kunye namanzi rhoqo.
• Amagqabi amdaka okanye ajingayo: Ukomisa okanye ukuwa kweenaliti kunokubangelwa kukunqongophala kwamanzi, ubushushu obugqithisileyo bendlu, okanye ukuhlaselwa kwefungal. Lungisa ukunkcenkceshela kunye nendawo, kwaye ujonge izitshabalalisi.
• Izifo: I-spruce inokuchaphazeleka yifungi efana neFusarium okanye iPhytophthora. Sebenzisa imichiza yokungunda ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka kwaye uphucule amanzi.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa utyala imifire

• Ukutyala kumhlaba ongafanelekanga: Kubalulekile ukuba ungatyali imithi yefir kwindawo apho umhlaba ugayiwe okanye unodongwe kakhulu ngaphandle kokubonelela ngesubstrate eyaneleyo.
• Ukugqithiswa kwezichumisi zekhemikhali: Imithi yefir esandula ukutyalwa ayinyamezeli iidosi eziphezulu zesichumisi. Bakhetha izichumisi ezithambileyo ezifana nokugalelwa iintshulube.
• Ukukhetha imithi enengcambu ezonakeleyo: Umthi womsipres oye wafumana umonakalo ngenxa yokuncothulwa kwi-nursery kuya kuba nzima ukuziqhelanisa. Njalo jonga i-rootball ngaphambi kokuthenga.
• Ukutshintshela kwimozulu engafanelekanga: Soloko ukhetha amaxesha anobushushu obuphakathi kunye nokufuma okwaneleyo.

Iingqwalasela ezizinzileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo

Ukulinywa kwemithi yefir ngeenjongo zolonwabo ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa ngokuzinzileyo, kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo zokulima kwaye ngaphandle kokonakalisa amahlathi endalo. Khumbula ukuba Umthi wefir wendalo uhambelana nokusingqongileyo kuneplastiki., ekubeni le yokugqibela ibandakanya inkqubo yemizi-mveliso esekwe kwipetroleum kwaye ayinakonakala. Ukuba ufuna ukukhangela nzulu kwizinto ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zemisipres yomyezoSiyakumema ukuba udibane nesikhokelo sethu esikhethekileyo ukukhetha eyona ifanelekileyo.

Ungaze utyale umthi wakho wefir kwiindawo zendalo ezikhuselweyo okanye ngaphandle kwemekobume yendalo, njengoko ezinye iintlobo zinokuthi zihlasele okanye ziphazamise ibhalansi yendawo. Khetha igadi yosapho, iigadi zasezidolophini, okanye iindawo ezinomhlaba ezilungele uphuhliso lwayo.

Ukunyamekelwa kwexesha elide lomthi wefir

• Ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala emva kokutyala. Xa sele uqinisiwe, umthi wefir uyakwazi ukumelana nembalela, kodwa uhlala uwuxabisa umhlaba opholileyo, otyebileyo.
• Pruna kuphela amasebe awomileyo okanye awonakeleyo kwaye uphephe ukusikeka kakhulu.
• Ukubeka iliso kwimbonakalo yezinambuzane (i-mealybugs, izigcawu ezibomvu) kunye nezifo zefungal.
• Gcoba entwasahlobo ngomgquba okanye isichumisi esikhethekileyo seconifers.

Ngamanyathelo, ukhathalelo, kunye neengcebiso ezichaziweyo, uya konwabela ubuhle kunye nobomi obude bomthi wakho wefir ekhaya okanye kwigadi yakho kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukulungelelanisa imiyalelo kwiinkcukacha zemozulu yendawo yakho kunye nomhlaba ukuze uqinisekise uphuhliso olungcono lomthi wakho.