Ungatyala njani uMthi weSiqhamo oGqwethiweyo: ISikhokelo sobuNgcali sokuGqibela iNyathelo neNyathelo ekukhuleni kweMithi esempilweni, enemveliso

Ngaba ukhe wathenga imithi yeziqhamo ezingxoweni kwaye wazibuza ukuba ngokwenene uyenza ngendlela eyiyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba umthi wakho uyachuma? Ukukhula kwemithi yeziqhamo ezingxoweni kuluncedo kakhulu ngenxa yokulula kwayo ukuthutha kunye nokuguquguquka, kodwa ifuna ukhathalelo oluthile ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okugqibeleleyo emva kokutshintshwa. Nangona kubonakala kulula, Ukutyala umthi weziqhamo engxoweni kubandakanya iinkcukacha ezininzi zobugcisa ezinokuthi, ukuba zingahoywa, zinokuchaphazela impilo kunye nemveliso yomthi..

Ngaba kuyacetyiswa ukutyala umthi weziqhamo engxoweni?

Imithi yeziqhamo ezingxoweni imele enye indlela esebenzayo nesebenzayo kwezo zithengiswa ngeembiza okanye ngeengcambu ezingenanto.Ingxowa ikhusela iingcambu zeengcambu kunye neengcambu ngexesha lokuthutha kwaye yenza ukutshintshwa kube lula, kodwa kungcono ukuba ungashiyi umthi kwisikhwama ixesha elide. Ngokufanelekileyo, umthi weziqhamo kufuneka utyalwe kwindawo yawo yokugqibela ngokukhawuleza emva kokuthenga.Ukuba umthi uhlala engxoweni ixesha elide, iingcambu zinokufuthanisela kwaye ziphelelwe ngamandla.

Iingenelo eziphambili zemithi yeziqhamo ezingxoweni:

• Ukugcinwa ngcono kweengcambu zebhola kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci lokufakelwa.
• Ukuphathwa ngokulula kunye nokuhamba yomsebenzisi.
• Ngokuqhelekileyo ixabiso eliphantsi kunaleyo yemithi yeziqhamo esezimbizeni.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqhubela phambili ngokuchanekileyo kunye nofakelo ukuze uphephe iingxaki ezinjengokubola kweengcambu, ubunzima bokukhula kweengcambu, izifo, okanye ukukhula kakubi.

Elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokutyala umthi weziqhamo ezingxoweni

Impumelelo yokutyala ngokutsha ixhomekeke kakhulu ekukhetheni ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyala.Ngelixa imithi yeziqhamo emininzi ingatyalwa unyaka wonke, awona maxesha alungileyo aqhelekile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ekwindla, xa amaqondo obushushu ethambile kwaye kungekho mngcipheko weqabaka eqatha okanye ubushushu obugqithisileyo. Kuphephe ukutyala ngexesha lamaza obushushu okanye iqabaka ukunika umthi ezona meko zintle zokuhluma.

Ukuba uza kutyala umthi weziqhamo kwindawo enelanga elipheleleyoKuyacetyiswa ukuba uyiqhelanise ngokuthe ngcembe ukunqanda uxinzelelo lobushushu. Kwezi meko, ungayishiya embizeni okanye kwindawo ekhuselekileyo iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba uyityale ngokusisigxina. Zama ukufumana umthi weziqhamo kwaye uwutyale ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24-48, ukuphepha ukuyishiya igcinwe engxoweni ixesha elide kunokuba kuyimfuneko.

Ukulungisa umngxuma wokutyala

Umngxuma kufuneka ube mkhulu ngokuphindwe kabini kunengcambu yomthi, ubunzulu kunye nobubanzi.Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-rootball i-25 cm ububanzi, umngxuma kufuneka ube malunga ne-50 cm (ububanzi kunye nobunzulu). Oku kuvumela iingcambu ukuba zande kwaye zibe yikoloni yomhlaba omtsha ngokulula.

Phambi kokutyala, Gcwalisa umngxuma ngamanzi kwaye uyivumele ukuba ifunxeNgale ndlela, umhlaba uya kuba umanzi kwaye uya kwenza kube lula ukusekwa kweengcambu. Ezantsi komngxuma, yongeza umaleko womxube we-substrate echumileyo kunye ne-organic fertilizer (i-worm castings, i-compost evuthiweyo, okanye i-peat). Umxube wesiqingatha somhlaba okhutshiweyo kunye nesiqingatha sendawo yokukhula etyetyisiweyo uya kubonelela ngezondlo ezongezelelweyo kunye nokuphucula ubume bomhlaba..

Indlela yokususa isikhwama kwaye usebenze inetha yebhola yeengcambu

Ukususa ingxowa yeplastiki ekhusela ingcambu yengcambu kubalulekile, kuba ayinakubola kwaye inokufunxa iingcambu okanye ithintele ukufunxwa kwamanzi.. Yenza oku ngononophelo ukukhusela i-substrate yebhola yengcambu ukuba ingadiliki.

Ngaphakathi kwebhegi, uhlala ufumana i-mesh enokubola ejikeleze ingcambu yeengcambu. Uninzi lweengcali zicebisa ukushiya i-mesh endaweni, njengoko inceda ukubamba umhlaba kunye nokubola ngokuhamba kwexesha.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumanisa ukuba i-mesh iqinile kakhulu okanye iingcambu zinzima ukuvela, yenza ama-cuts ambalwa ngaphandle kokuphula i-rootball ukuze kube lula ukukhula.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ukufakwa kweScion: iimfuno, iintlobo, kunye nobuchule obuchwephesha obuchazwe ngokweenkcukacha kwimithi yeziqhamo

I-pre-hydration: ntywilisela ingcambu yeengcambu

Ngaphambi kokutyala umthi, gcoba iingcambu zengcambu kwibhakethi yamanzi acocekileyo malunga nemizuzu eyi-10-15.Ngale ndlela, unokuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba kunye neengcambu zimanzi kakuhle phambi kokutshala. Lo mqondiso ulula wehlisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwaye unceda umthi weziqhamo uqhelane nomhlaba omtsha.

Ukulungiswa kunye nokuxuba i-substrates yokutyala

Ngelixa i-rootball ifaka amanzi, lungiselela umxube womhlaba oza kuwusebenzisa ukuvala umngxuma xa utyala umthi weziqhamo.Umxube ofanelekileyo womhlaba yi-50% yomhlaba jikelele kunye ne-50% yokugalelwa kweentshulube okanye umgquba. Ukuba umhlaba unodongwe kakhulu okanye uxinene, yongeza isanti erhabaxa okanye i-perlite ukuphucula amanzi kunye nokuthintela ukugcwala kwamanzi.

• Ukugalelwa komgquba kunye neentshulube zibonelela ngezinto eziphilayo, ziphucula ubume bomhlaba kwaye zivuselela iingcambu..
• Ukungena komoya kakuhle kunye nokukhupha amanzi kubalulekile ukuthintela izifo zokungunda kunye nokuphefumla kweengcambu..

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na inkxalabo malunga nokuchuma komhlaba, ungacela uhlalutyo olusisiseko kwaye ulungelelanise ukuchumisa kwakho ngokufanelekileyo.

Ungatyala njani umthi weziqhamo emngxunyeni (okanye embizeni)

Beka ingcambu yengcambu embindini womngxuma, uqinisekise ukuba i-graft (ukuba inayo) isoloko ingaphezulu komhlaba.Indawo yokuxhunyelelwa idla ngokubonwa njengeqhuma okanye ibala elincinane emazantsi esiqu, kwaye akufuneki ligqunywe ukunqanda ukubola kunye nezifo.

Gcwalisa umngxuma ngomxube womhlaba olungiselelwe, udibanise ngobumnene ngezandla zakho okanye ngeenyawo ukuze uphelise iipokotho zomoya. Cinezela phantsi kodwa ungayigqithisi, ukuze ungaxinzeki umhlaba ngokugqithisileyo. kwaye uvumele iingcambu ukuba ziphefumle.

Ukuba umhlaba ukhululekile kakhulu, unokwenza umqolo omncinci okanye umngxuma womthi ojikeleze isiqu. Oku kuya kunceda ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokugcina ukufuma kufutshane neengcambu kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala.

Ukunkcenkceshelwa kokuqala emva kokutyala

Nkcenkceshela umthi ngesisa nje xa uwutyala, nokuba ingcambu yengcambu ifumile ukusuka kuntywiliselo lwangaphambili.Oku kunkcenkceshela kokuqala kuhlalisa umhlaba ojikeleze iingcambu, kuphelise iipokotshi zomoya ezinokwenzeka, kwaye iqala ukuhambisa amanzi kwindawo yeengcambu.

Kwiiveki ezilandelayo, manzisa rhoqo kodwa uphephe amanzi amileyo. Vumela umaleko ongaphezulu wome kancinane phambi kokuba unkcenkceshele kwakhona. Amanzi agqithisileyo yenye yezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo ezithintela ukuba imithi yeziqhamo esanda kutyalwa ingathathi iingcambu ngendlela efanelekileyo..

Ukunyamekela nokubekwa esweni emva kokutyala

Qhubeka nokujonga umthi weziqhamo kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala.Kuqhelekile ukuba umthi ulahlekelwe ngamagqabi okanye ubonise iimpawu zokuhla kancinci emva kokutshintshwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba emva kweeveki ezi-2-3 azibonakalisi phuculo okanye zibonisa ngokucacileyo iimpawu zesifo, khangela i-drainage kunye ne-frequency yokunkcenkceshela, kwaye ukhuphe izinambuzane okanye iintsholongwane.

Kuyacetyiswa Yongeza idosi encinci yesichumiso esiphilayo rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-6-8 kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala, ngakumbi ukuba umhlaba umbi. Ukuba uhlala kwindawo enomoya, sebenzisa isibonda ukugcina umthi weziqhamo uthe nkqo kwaye uthintele umoya ukuba ungaphuli iingcambu ezincinci.

Iingcebiso zePro kunye nee-FAQs

• Khetha iintlobo zemithi yeziqhamo ezihambelana kakuhle nemozulu yakho kunye nokuqhelaniswa negadi yakho okanye ithala.
• Kuphephe ukutyala ngeentsuku ezinomoya, ezishushu, okanye ezibandayo., ekubeni uxinzelelo lwendalo lunciphisa impumelelo yokutshintshwa.
• Ngaphambi kokutyala, jonga ingcambu yeengcambu ezibolileyo okanye izifo. kwaye ususe iindawo ezonakalisiweyo ngesikere esichithwe kakuhle.
• Ungawususi umnatha kwingcambu yeengcambu ngaphandle kokuba iqine kakhulu. okanye isaziso esijijekileyo okanye iingcambu ezifuthanisiweyo. Ukuba uyawasika, kwenze oko ngononophelo.
• Ukuba uthenga imithi yeziqhamo emininzi engxoweni, tyala eyona mizekelo mincinane kuqala., ekubeni ziqhelana bhetele kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza.
• Qwalasela ukuvela kwamagqabi: Ukuba mthubi kusenokubonisa ukunqongophala kwezondlo, amanzi, okanye iingxaki zokugcwala kwamanzi.
• Sebenzisa abahlohli kwimithi emitsha ukuthintela ukuba umoya ungaziwisa phantsi phambi kokuba iingcambu zimiliselwe kakuhle.
• Khumbula ukuba ungagquma igrafti ngomhlaba. kwaye ulungelelanise inqanaba lokutyala ukuze libonakale ngaphezu komhlaba.

Uthintelo lwezifo kunye nezinambuzane kwimithi yeziqhamo esanda kutyalwa

Imithi yeziqhamo esanda kutyalwa isengozini kakhulu kwizifo ezithile kunye nezinambuzane.. Ukunciphisa imingcipheko:

• Izixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi nasemva kokusetyenziswa. kwibhola yeengcambu okanye ekutheneni.
• Hlola iingcambu zebhola zefungus, izibungu, okanye umonakalo obonakalayo.Ukuba uyathandabuza, sebenzisa imveliso yokhuselo lwesityalo esibanzi esilungele imithi yeziqhamo phambi kokutyala.
• Soloko unkcenkceshela emazantsi esiqu kwaye uphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi, kunye nokukhukulisa umhlaba.
• Susa amagqabi awileyo kunye nobutyobo bezityalo ngeenxa zonke esiqwini ukukhusela imithombo usulelo kunye nokutsala izinambuzane eziluncedo.

Ukuba ummandla wakho uqhelene nokungunda okanye izitshabalalisi ezithile (ezifana ne-anarsia, aphids, okanye mealybugs), jongana neemveliso zothintelo ezihambelana nokulima ngendalo.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa utyala imithi yeziqhamo kwiingxowa

• Ukutyala nzulu kakhulu, ukugquma i-graft okanye inxalenye yesiqu.
• Shiya ingxowa yeplastiki, ezikrwitsha iingcambu zize zizifuthanisele.
• Ukungakhathaleli ukunkcenkceshela okanye ukukhukula: Zombini ezigqithisileyo ziyonakalisa ingcambu.
• Musa ukongeza izinto eziphilayo okanye ujonge imeko yengcambu yeengcambu ngaphambi kokutyala.
• Ukungakhuseli umthi kwimimoya enamandla xa ingekamili kakuhle.

Iintlobo ezicetyiswayo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokuxhunyelelwa

Uninzi lwemithi yeziqhamo enezingxobo ekhoyo kwiindawo zogcino lwezityalo iyamiliselwa.Oku kungenxa yeenzuzo ze-rootstocks ezixhathisayo kunye neentlobo ezikhethiweyo ze-flavour, imveliso, kunye nokuqina. Phakathi kwemithi yeziqhamo eqhelekileyo yiapile, ipere, icherry, ipesika, inectarine, iplam, ialmond, ikhiwane, iwalnut, ipersimmon kunye nequince tree.

Ngalo lonke ixesha qinisekisa ukuba i-graft iyabonakala kwaye ayingcwatywa. Kwimithi yeziqhamo apho i-cross-pollination iyimfuneko (umzekelo, ezinye iintlobo zeapile okanye zecherry), ukuzityala kufuphi nezinye iintlobo ezihambelanayo kuya kukhuthaza imveliso yexesha elizayo.

Ukhathalelo lwasemva kunye nokugcinwa konyaka

Ngomnyaka wokuqala, gcina ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kwaye ukhusele i-trunk kumonakalo womatshini (ukubetha kwizixhobo, i-lawnmowers, izilwanyana). Kwimimandla enehlobo elomileyo, gubungela isiseko ngomaleko we-mulch yezityalo. ukunciphisa umphunga kunye nokhuphiswano lokhula.

Uqeqesho lokuthena lunokuqala emva konyaka wokuqalaXa umthi weziqhamo sele uqinile, qalisa ukuthena ngobulali ukusuka kwintlakohlaza yesibini ukuya phambili ukunceda ukubumba nokomeleza umthi, ngaphandle kokususa ngaphezulu kwe 25% yamagqabi ngexesha.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, jonga imeko ye-graft rhoqo entwasahlobo, jonga ubukho bamahlumela asendle okanye ama-suckers, kwaye ubeke iliso naziphi na iimpawu zesifo okanye ukunqongophala kwesondlo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nokukhula kwemithi yeziqhamo ezingxoweni

• Ingaba ndingatyala umthi weziqhamo engxoweni? Imithi yeziqhamo enezingxobo eziqhele ukufunyanwa kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo zimiliselwe kwaye ilungele ukutshintshwa emhlabeni okanye embizeni enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukulima ixesha elide kwiingxowa (ngaphandle kokutshintshwa), iindidi ezincinci okanye i-columnar zezona zicetyiswayo.
• Ndizakuqala nini ukuvuna iziqhamo? Kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo. Ezinye zithwala iziqhamo kwiminyaka eyi-2-3 (i-citrus, iplamu encinci, umkhiwane), ngelixa abanye banokuthatha iminyaka engama-4-5 (i-walnut, i-apula, i-cherry).
• Yintoni onokuyenza ukuba umthi uyagula emva kokutshintshwa? Jonga amanzi kunye nokufuma, susa iindawo ezonakalisiweyo, kwaye usebenzise unyango oluthile. Qhagamshelana nengcali ukuba isifo sihamba ngokukhawuleza.
• Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukuchumisa emva kokutyala? Ukusetyenziswa okulula kwe-organic fertilizer okanye i-compost rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-2-3 kunyaka wokuqala ngokuqhelekileyo kwanele, ukuphepha ukugqithiswa kwezichumisi zeekhemikhali.
• Luluphi ulondolozo olufunekayo ebusika? Khusela isiseko nge-mulch, qinisekisa ukuba umthi awubonakali kumoya onamandla, obandayo, kwaye unciphise ukunkcenkceshela ukuba imozulu imanzi kakhulu okanye ibanda.

Ukuchitha iiyure ezimbalwa ngokufanelekileyo ukutyala umthi wesiqhamo esinengxowa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba umthi wakho uya kukhula, uvelise iziqhamo ezinempilo, kwaye uhlale womelele iminyaka. Ngala manyathelo, iingcebiso, kunye nezilumkiso, inzame yokuqala iya kuguqulela kwisivuno esiyintabalala kunye negadi ezele bubomi kunye nencasa.