IiCamelliasCamellia) ngamatyholo aluhlaza axatyiswa ehlabathini lonke ngenxa yobuhle nokuchuma kwawo iintyatyambo abanikelayo, zombini kwimiyezo nakwiimbiza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba bagcina amandla kunye nobukhazikhazi babo kufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kwezona zisongelo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela amagqabi abo kunye neyona ndlela yokukhusela kunye nokunyanga. Ezi zoyikiso, ezibandakanya izifo zokungunda, izinambuzane kunye neengxaki ze-abiotic, zinokuzibonakalisa ngeempawu ezifana Iindawo ezimdaka, ukuba tyheli, ukuwa kwamagqabi ngaphambi kwexesha, imiphetho etshileyo, kunye nokuba buthathaka ngokubanzi. Ulwazi, ukuqaphela, kunye nengqalelo eqhubekayo yokunyamekelwa zizitshixo zokunandipha i-camellias esempilweni iminyaka.
Izifo eziphambili ezichaphazela amagqabi e-camellia
Izifo ezichaphazela amagqabi e-camellia zihlala zinxulunyaniswa neemeko ezingathandekiyo zokusingqongileyo, ukugqithisa okanye ukunqongophala kwezondlo, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwefungi kunye nezinye iintsholongwane. Ukuqondwa ngokucokisekileyo kwezi meko kuvumela isenzo esikhawulezileyo nesisebenzayo.
Amabala amdaka emagqabini: umngundo wamagqabi
Las amabala amdaka angaqhelekanga, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngomgca omnyama kunye neziko elikhanyayo okanye elisiliva, yenye yezona zibonakaliso eziqhelekileyo kunye nexhala kwi-camellias. Ngokuqhelekileyo zinxulumene ikakhulu nosulelo lomngundo ezifana Pestalozzia guepini kunye kwintoEzi fungi ziyakhula ukufuma okuphezulu kunye nokungena komoya okungekho mgangathweni, ukuhlasela amagqabi kuqala kwaye kunokuqhubela phambili kwiziqu kunye neentyatyambo ukuba azilawulwa:
- La kwinto Ibangela amabala amnyama-mdaka, ukoma okuqhubelekayo kwegqabi kunye nokuwa kwangaphambi kwexesha.
- Pestalozzia guepini Inamachokoza aneziko elisiliva kunye neencam ezimnyama, kwaye kwisigaba sayo sesibini ivelisa imizimba emincinci emnyama evelisa iziqhamo ebonisa inkqubela phambili.
Kunyango lwakho, lubalulekile susa amagqabi awosulelekileyo, coca indawo engqongileyo, kwaye usebenzise imichiza yokungunda esekwe kubhedu okanye iimveliso ezithile ezicetyiswayo kwizityalo ezithanda iasidi. Kukwabalulekile ukubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo emva kokuthena ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwefungus.
I-Botrytis okanye i-gray mold
La IBotrytis cinerea, eyaziwa ngokuba grey ngundo, kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ze ukufuma okuphezulu kwendawo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwamanzi. Nangona ngokuyintloko ichaphazela iintyatyambo, inokuhlasela amagqabi, ibangele amabala ahlukeneyo, i-discoloration, kunye ne-necrosis:
- Gcina okusingqongileyo kungene umoya kwaye unciphise nokufuma emagqabini.
- Sika kwaye ususe iindawo ezichaphazelekayo.
- Kuphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi xa unkcenkceshela kwaye uphucule amanzi.
- Sebenzisa imichiza yokungunda kwiimeko ezinzima ukucothisa inkqubela.
Amagqabi aluhlaza ukuwa
Ukulahleka kwamagqabi aluhlaza abonakala esempilweni kunokubonisa:
- Ukugqithisa kwamanzi (i-root asphyxia), ethintela ukufunxwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezondlo.
- Ukuswela ukutya (ingakumbi initrogen).
- Uxinzelelo olusuka kutshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu, ukutshintshwa okanye indawo.
Isisombululo sigqityiwe ukuhlalutya inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela, lungisa ukuphindaphinda kunye nobuninzi, sebenzisa rhoqo i-substrate kunye ne-drainage efanelekileyo kwaye igcwalise ngezichumisi ezithile zezityalo ze-acidophilic ngexesha lokukhula kwezityalo.
Imiba ye-Abiotic kunye nokunqongophala kwesondlo
Ukongeza kwi-pathogens, iingxaki zeqabunga le-camellia zinokubangelwa yimeko yendalo kunye nezondlo:
Ukugqatswa lilanga ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokutsha kwamagqabi
I-Camellias ifuna ukukhanya okukhulu, kodwa ayikunyamezeli ukukhanya okuthe ngqo kwilanga. ilanga elitshisayoUmonakalo welanga ubonakala njengemiphetho emdaka, amabala omileyo, kunye nokukhula kancinci. Ukuyinqanda:
- Beka i-camellias kumthunzi ophakathi, ngokukodwa ngelanga elithambileyo lasekuseni.
- Gwema utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ekuvezweni ukuba ususa isityalo ngaphakathi kwindlu ukuya ngaphandle.
- Ehlotyeni, qiniseka ukuba zikhuselekile kwiiyure ezisembindini zelanga.
Ukunqongophala kwezondlo kunye ne-chlorosis
Uphawu oluxhaphakileyo kukuqhubeka tyheli kwamagqabi, okubangelwa rhoqo intswelo yentsimbi (iron chlorosis) kwaye, ukuya kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, ukunqongophala kwe-magnesium okanye initrogen, njengoko kuchaziwe camellias emhlopheUkulungisa ezi ngxaki kunceda ukuqinisa isityalo kunye nokuphucula ukubonakala kwayo.
- Jonga umhlaba i-pH: kufuneka ube neasidi (ephakathi kwe-5.5 kunye ne-6.5).
- Amanzi anamanzi aphantsi kwemineralization okanye amanzi emvula; amanzi aqinileyo enza ukufunxwa kwentsimbi kube nzima.
- Faka i-iron chelates ukuba amagqabi atyheli ayaqhubeka, kwaye sebenzisa izichumisi ezilungiselelwe izityalo acidophilic.
Kwiimeko zokunqongophala kwe-magnesium okanye i-nitrogen, khetha izichumisi ezipheleleyo ezilungelelanisiweyo kwaye ujonge ukuphindaphinda kokuchumisa, ukuphepha ukugqithisa okanye ukusilela.
Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kumagqabi e-camellia
Izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo zinokubangela iimpawu ezifana nesifo kwaye kufuneka zibonwe kwangethuba ukuthintela ukuwohloka okukhulu.
Zintwala
Iintwala, izinambuzane ezincinci eziluhlaza, ezimnyama, ezityheli, okanye ezibomvu, zidla ngokuhlala amagqabi athambileyo nangaphantsi kwamagqabi. Ngokufunxa incindi, benza buthathaka isityalo kwaye banokukhuthaza ukubonakala kokubola. sooty mold okanye isibindi, umngundo omnyama othintela iphotosynthesis. Ukubalawula:
- Hlamba amagqabi ngamanzi anesepha okanye usebenzise isepha ye potassium, esebenzayo kwaye egunyazisiweyo kwi-organic farming.
- Xa uhlaselo oluqatha, sebenzisa amayeza athile okubulala iintwala, ingakumbi ezebhayoloji.
Isigcawu esibomvu kunye namangolwane
Isigcawu esibomvu kunye nezinye iintwala zixhaphakile kwindawo ezomileyo okanye ngexesha lamaza obushushu. Zichongwe ngo:
- Amagqabi anamachaphaza amhlophe okanye ubhedu, opaque kunye nenkangeleko egobileyo.
- Iintambo zentambo phantsi kwamagqabi.
Ukuthintela kunye nokulwa nazo:
- Yandisa i- ukufuma (tshiza amanzi kwisityalo ngaphandle kokumanzisa kakhulu amagqabi).
- Fundisa amarhamncwa endalo (amangolwane) ukuba kuyenzeka.
- Xa uhlaselwa kakhulu, sebenzisa i-acaricides okanye unyango oluphindaphindiweyo lwe-organic.
Indlu yomthi
I-mealybugs, zombini brown mealybug njenge ikhottony, zivela njengamaqhuma amancinci amdaka okanye amhlophe, afakwe ngaphantsi kwamagqabi kunye neziqu. Ubukho babo bunxulunyaniswa neendawo ezine ukuxinana kunye nokoma okugqithisileyo:
- Susa ngesandla izinambuzane ngebhola yomqhaphu efakelwe utywala.
- Sebenzisa amayeza okubulala izinambuzane okanye i-oyile yeparafini kwiimeko ezimandundu, ngakumbi ukujolisa imibungu.
Ezinye izinambuzane kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nazo
- Iimbovane: Zidla ngokubakho xa kukho iintwala okanye i<em>mealybugs, ekubeni zizisebenzisa kakuhle i<em>honeydew ezizikhuphayo.
- Thrips: Izinambuzane ezincinci ezitya kwaye zenze amachokoza asilivere okanye ajike umbala kumphezulu wamagqabi.
Kuzo zonke iimeko, indlela ukujonga rhoqo kunye nococeko lokusingqongileyo kubalulekile ukuthintela ukusasazeka.
Ukuthintela kunye nokunyamekela ngokubanzi ukuphepha iingxaki ngamagqabi
- Ihlala ibonelela ngokugqwesileyo kwamanzi, ukuphepha naluphi na uhlobo lokungena kwamanzi embizeni okanye egadini.
- Khetha isubstrates ezenzelwe izityalo acidophilic (imixube kunye ne-peat, iinaliti zepineyini, i-pine bark, njl.).
- Amanzi anamanzi emvula okanye amanzi athambekele ukugcina i-pH efanelekileyo kunye nokuququzelela ukufunxa izondlo.
- Faka umoya kwindawo ekhulayo kwaye ubeke isityalo kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo elangeni elinamandla kunye nomoya owomileyo.
- Yenza uphononongo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha amagqabi, iziqu kunye nesiseko sesityalo, ukubona naziphi na iimpawu okanye ubukho bezinambuzane ngexesha.
- Chuba rhoqo ngokulandela imiyalelo yexesha ngalinye lonyaka, uthanda iimveliso ezikhethekileyo zezityalo ezine-acidophilic.
- Hlala ucoca izixhobo emva kokuthena okanye ukuphatha izityalo ezigulayo ukuphepha ukusasaza iintsholongwane.
Ukukhula kwe-camellias enempilo kunokwenzeka ngokugqibeleleyo kuyo nayiphi na indawo ngokulungelelanisa ukhathalelo olusisiseko kunye nokuhlawula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwizinto ezisingqongileyo kunye nezinambuzane eziqhelekileyo. Umonde, ukuqaphela, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo konyango lothintelo kunye nonyango zezona ziqinisekiso zokonwabela iintyatyambo zabo ezintle kunye namagqabi achumileyo iminyaka emininzi. Ukukhuthaza i-camellias enempilo akuthinteli kuphela izifo kunye nezinambuzane, kodwa kwakhona kuqinisekisa ukuba isityalo siba ngumbono wokwenene kwigadi okanye kwi-terrace unyaka wonke.