Ukhathalelo lweMaple yaseJapan kunye neeMfihlo: Gqibezela iSikhokelo sokuKhula kwiiGadi kunye neePoti

El Imephu yaseJapan (Acer palmatum) sesinye sezona zityalo zihonjiswayo neziguquguqukayo ekuhombiseni igadi ngenxa yeemilo ezintle kunye nombala omangalisayo wephalethi amagqabi aso asinikayo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka. Amagqabi ayo esundu kunye nenkangeleko ecekeceke iyenza ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwingqalelo kuyo iigadi ezinkulu njengoko ithambeka, iintendelezo y iibhalkhoni, nakwifomu yebhonsai. Ngaphaya koko, ukukwazi kwayo ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nokumelana nokubanda kuyenza ilungele abo bafuna uhlobo oluthile ukugcinwa okuphantsi kodwa ukusuka impembelelo enkulu ebonakalayo.

Iimpawu zemaple yaseJapan kunye nesibheno sayo sokuhombisa

Imaphu yaseJapan sisihlahla esinamagqabi okanye umthi omncinci, kuxhomekeke kwi ezahlukeneyo, inokufikelela ukusuka ngaphantsi kwemitha ukuya kubuninzi obumalunga neemitha ezilishumi ubude. Eyona nto eyahlulayo bubuhle bamagqabi ayo, ahlukeneyo iindlela y izithunzi, ukususela kumbala oluhlaza okhanyayo okanye onzulu ukusa komfusa, obomvu, oorenji, notyheli ekwindla. Imilo yesundu yamagqabi ifana ne-silhouette yesandla kwaye ixabiswa ngakumbi kwigadi yasempuma, apho iimephu ziyinxalenye yenkcubeko yaseJapan yokulungisa umhlaba.

Iintyatyambo ze-maple yaseJapan zincinci kwaye zingabonakali, zibomvu okanye zimfusa, kwaye zihlala zingabonakali xa zithelekiswa nombono wamaqabunga awo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokutyatyamba, ivelisa iziqhamo ezinamaphiko ezibizwa ngokuba yi-samaras, eziququzelela ukusasaza kwendalo yomthi. Amaxolo ayo kunye namagatsha nawo anemibala ekhangayo, enokuthi ihluke phakathi kobomvu, obuluhlaza okanye obumdaka, ukubonelela umdla owongezelelweyo wokuhombisa.

Ukongeza kubuhle bayo, imephu yaseJapan ibonelela ngekhusi kunye nokutya iintaka ezifana goldfinches okanye ezinye iintlobo, ukukhuthaza izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi egadini. Nangona ebusika, xa ilahlekelwa ngamagqabi ayo, isakhiwo sayo esihle se-branching siqhubeka sibonelela ngexabiso lobuhle.

Iindidi zeeMaple zaseJapan: Iintlobo ezininzi ezidumileyo kunye noMahluko

Kukho amakhulu eentlobo kunye nemihlanganisela yemaple yaseJapan, ekhethelwe ukumila kwegqabi, umbala, ubungakanani, kunye nokuxhathisa kwiimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo. La ngamanye awona maqela aziwa kakhulu kunye nemihlanganiselwa:

• Acer palmatum: Luhlobo oluqhelekileyo, olunamagqabi ahlukeneyo kunye nombala ohlaza oqaqambileyo ojika obomvu kunye neethoni zegolide ekwindla.
• I-Acer palmatum 'Atropurpureum': Ibalasele kumagqabi ayo abomvu okanye amfusa ahlala kulo lonke ixesha lokufudumala.
• Acer palmatum 'Dissectum': Inamagqabi ahlulwe ngokunzulu kwaye imile kakuhle ehombisa iigadi kunye neepatio ezincinci.
• Beni Maiko: Iindidi ezikwazi ukumelana nokukhanya kwelanga ngandlel’ ithile ngcono, enamagqabi anomtsalane kakhulu abomvu.
• Seyriu: Imaphu yaseJapan enamagqabi awodwa anophawu olume nkqo olunyamezela ilanga kwimozulu epholileyo.

Ukukhetha i ezahlukeneyo kuya kuxhomekeka kwindawo ekhoyo, ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nomdla wokuhlobisa ofunekayo. Eminye imihlanganisela ikhuthazwa ngokukodwa bonsai, ngelixa abanye benza ii-canopies ezibanzi ezifanelekileyo ekudaleni umthunzi egadini.

Zeziphi iimeko zemozulu inokukhula imephu yaseJapan?

Imozulu yinto emisela impumelelo yokulinywa kwemephu yaseJapan. Olu hlobo lukhula kwimimandla epholileyo, kunye ukufuma okuphezulu kwendawo, ihlobo elipholileyo kunye ubusika obubandayo. Ihambelana kakuhle ne iqabaka phakathi, ukumelana namaqondo obushushu asezantsi -23ºC kunye nekhephu. Imozulu efanelekileyo ikhuthaza ukukhula kunye nobuhle bayo.

Nangona kunjalo, iiqabaka zasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo zingonakalisa amahlumela amatsha kunye namagqabi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuyikhusela kwezi meko. Indawo yayo yendalo yimimandla yeentaba yaseJapan, eTshayina, naseKorea, apho i imvula kwaye inkungu ixhaphakile.

Kwiindawo zeMeditera kunye neendawo eziphantsiImozulu eyomileyo kunye nokukhanya kwelanga okunamandla kunokuba ngumngeni kwimaphu yaseJapan. Kwezi meko:

• Kufuneka isoloko ikhuliswa kuyo isithunzi okanye isithunzi sethunzi, ngokukhethekileyo ukhuselwe kwimimoya eyomileyo neshushu.
• Kwiindawo nge ukufuma okuphantsi, kuyacetyiswa ukutshiza amaqabunga imihla ngemihla ngamanzi ane-acidic pH (phakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-6) ukuphepha ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Kuphephe ukuchanabeka kwimimoya ebandayo okanye eshushu, njengoko amagqabi anokoma okanye atshise ngokukhawuleza.

Ukukhanya kunye nendawo: Ngaba ilanga okanye umthunzi ungcono?

Imaphu yaseJapan iyawuxabisa umboniso eqaqambileyo kodwa ekhuselweyo ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ngakumbi phakathi kwemini nasehlotyeni. Ngelixa ezinye iindidi zinyamezela ilanga elingakumbi kwiindawo ezipholileyo okanye ezifumileyo, ezona ntlobo zibuthathaka zikhula kakuhle kuphela kumthunzi.

• En Iindawo zemozulu zeAtlantiki okanye intaba, inokubekwa elangeni lasekuseni okanye kwi-semi-shade.
• En Imozulu yeMeditera, yelizwekazi okanye eyomileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubeke i-maple emthunzini okanye kwiindawo ezinomoya kakhulu kodwa ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga.
• Un ukukhanya okuthe ngqo okugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukutsha kwamagqabi, ngakumbi ngamaxesha obushushu obugqithisileyo.
• Indawo efanelekileyo inokuba phantsi kweminye imithi evuthulukayo, i-pergolas, okanye empuma- okanye emantla-ipatios.

Loluphi uhlobo lomhlaba olufunwa yimaple yaseJapan?

Impumelelo yokulima imephu yaseJapan ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi uhlobo lomhlaba okanye substrateLo mthi ufuna a umhlaba oneasidi nge pH phakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-6Ukuba i-pH iphezulu, i-iron ekhoyo emhlabeni ayifikeleleki kwisityalo, ivelisa chlorosis (amagqabi atyheli nabuthathaka). Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo komhlaba iqinisekisa ubuhle kunye nempilo yakho.

• Umhlaba kufuneka ube ukukhanya kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kwamanziImihlaba ebambeneyo icotha ukukhula kwaye ikhuthaza ukukhula kwezifo ezizingcambu.
• Ukuba umhlaba wegadi awufanelekanga, kukulungele ukutshala i-maple kwi-a imbiza enkulu kunye ne-high-quality acidophilic substrate, ephuculwe nge-organic matter kunye ne-perlite okanye i-coconut fiber ukugcina ukufuma kunye nokukhupha amanzi.
• Kwi-bonsai, umxube ocetyiswayo unokuba Akadama nyulu okanye idityaniswe nenxalenye ye kanuma okanye kiryuzuna, nangona i-coconut fiber inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kwimozulu eyomileyo.

Kwiiplanti okanye iimbiza, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya umhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba rhoqo ngonyaka ukunqanda ukuncipha kwezondlo kunye nokuqiniswa komxube.

Kukangaphi kunye nendlela yokunkcenkceshela imephu yaseJapan?

El ukunkcenkceshela ngomnye wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokugcina imaple yaseJapan isempilweni. Kufuneka ugcine i ukufuma rhoqo kwi-substrate, ukuphepha kokubili ukugqithisa kunye nokoma obude.

• Ehlotyeni nasebudeni bamaza obushushu kunokuba yimfuneko ukunkcenkceshela kathathu ukuya kane ngeveki, ngakumbi ukuba umthi usembizeni. Khangela ukuba umphezulu we-substrate uqala ukoma ngaphambi kokunkcenkceshela kwakhona.
• Ebusika kunye namaxesha emvula kuya kwanela ukunkcenkceshela enye okanye ezimbini ngevekiUkuba kuyanetha, yeka ukunkcenkceshela.
• Amanzi afanelekileyo amanzi emvula okanye amanzi aphantsi amaminerali, rhoqo nge-acidic pH (phakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-6). Ukuba amanzi akho empompo ane-alkaline, ungalungisa i-pH ngokudibanisa amathontsi ambalwa elamuni okanye iviniga kwilitha nganye kwaye ujonge ngemitha.
• Kuthintele ukugcwala kwamanzi: imbiza okanye umhlaba kufuneka ukhuphe ngokugqibeleleyo ukuthintela ingcambu ukubola.
• Ehlotyeni, ngamathuba athile utshize amagqabi ngamanzi ukunyusa ukufuma (ingakumbi kwiindawo ezomileyo).

Kungcono ukunkcenkceshela kwangentseni okanye ngorhatya ukuze unciphise ukothuka kwe-thermal kunye nokuphuma komphunga.

Nini kwaye njani ukuchumisa imaple yaseJapan

Imephu yaseJapan sisityalo esithi ifuna izondlo ezisemgangathweni ukugcina ukukhula, amandla nombala wayo. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuchumisa lisuka intwasahlobo ukuya ngasekupheleni kwehloboUhlobo lwesichumisi luyakwahluka ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni umthi usemhlabeni okanye embizeni:

• Emhlabeni: Sebenzisa izichumisi eziphilayo ezifana nokugalelwa iintshulube okanye umgquba onyangeke kakuhle, usasaze phezu kwesiqu kwaye uzidibanise kancinci kumaleko ongaphezulu komhlaba.
• Kubongwe: Khetha izichumisi ezilulwelo ngokukodwa kwizityalo ezithanda iasidi, ezixutywe namanzi okunkcenkceshela ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi.
• Kwi-bonsai, kunomdla ukutshintshela phakathi kwezichumisi eziqinileyo ze-organic (Biogold, Nutribonsai, Hanakogoro, njl.) kunye nezichumisi zamanzi ngexesha lokukhula.
• Kuphephe ukuchumisa ngasekupheleni kwekwindla nasebusika, ngexesha le- vegetative dormancy.

Isichumisi esilungileyo siphucula ukuxhathisa kweMaple yaseJapan kwizifo kwaye inceda ukufumana amagqabi imibala enzulu.

Ukuthena kunye nokupfaniswa: njani kwaye nini ukwenza

Imaphu yaseJapan ayifuni ukuthenwa okungqongqo, kodwa kucetyiswa imisebenzi ethile yokugcina kunye noqeqesho:

• Ukuprintwa kwesondlo: Ekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, susa amasebe afileyo, awonakeleyo, okanye anesifo.
• Ukwenziwa ukuthenwa: Nciphisa ubude bamasebe akhula ngokugqithisileyo kwaye ususe amahlumela aguqula isakhiwo esifunwayo.
• Ukuncwina (ekhethekileyo kwibhonsai): Ngexesha lokukhula, sika amahlumelo ethenda ushiye ipere enye okanye ezimbini zamagqabi ukuze ufumane isebe elicolekileyo nelixineneyo.
• Ukubulala iintsholongwane izixhobo phambi nasemva kokusetyenziswa ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo.

Kwiimaphu ezikhuliswe njenge bonsai, ukupinkisha kunye nokuthena kubalulekile ukuchaza imilo kunye nesimbo somthi, ukuvumela ukuyilwa koyilo lwakudala olufana noMoyogi (isiqu esigobileyo), i-Ishizuki (ingcambu etyeni) okanye iYosu-ue (ihlathi).

Ukukhuselwa kwiqabaka kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo

Imaple yaseJapan iyabanda, kodwa kufuneka zikhuselwe kwiqabaka kade kunye neziqephu zobushushu obugqithisileyo ngexesha lasehlotyeni:

• Ngentwasahlobo, ukuba kukho umngcipheko weqhwa, beka a padding engqindilili ezingcanjini kunye nokhuseleko lwexeshana olufana nomnatha wokunqanda iqabaka kumthi osandula ukuntshula.
• Ngexesha lasehlotyeni elishushu (amaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-30ºC), yibeke kwindawo sombra kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kwindawo ekhuselweyo emoyeni ukunqanda ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Kulumkele ukutshintshwa kwezityalo ngaphambi nje kwamaxesha obushushu obugqithisileyo.

Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifo zemaple yaseJapan

Imaple yaseJapan, ngokubanzi, isityalo esixhathisayo, kodwa ayikhululwa ekubandezelekeni izibetho nezifo, ngakumbi xa iimeko zokusingqongileyo zingalunganga:

• Cottony mealybugs: Zincinci, zikhangeleka, zifumaneka ngaphantsi kwamagqabi amatsha kunye neziqu. Ziyaliwa kunye zinambuzane eziphilayo ezifana umhlaba owomileyo okanye isepha potassium.
• ZintwalaIzinambuzane ezincinci ezinokuba luhlaza, zimnyama, okanye zityheli. Ziye zipheliswe ngokulula ngokutshiza isepha ye-potassium okanye ii-insecticides eziphilayo.
• Oomycetes (Phytophthora): Umngundo ochaphazela iingcambu kwaye ubangele ukubola kunye nokufa okuqhubekayo. Ukuthintela, kubalulekile ukuphepha ukugcwala kwamanzi kwaye unikeze a umjelo olungileyo. Ulwazi oluninzi kwinqaku lethu Izifo eziqhelekileyo zemaple yaseJapan.
• Ezinye izifo zefungalNgamanye amaxesha, amabala anokubonakala emagqabini okanye emasebeni ngenxa yokufuma okugqithisileyo. Imichiza yenkqubo yokungunda inokusebenza ukuba inyangwe ngokukhawuleza.

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqwalasele umthi rhoqo, ngakumbi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kunye namaxesha ubushushu nembalela, ukubona kunye nokunyanga naziphi na iingxaki ngexesha.

UkuTyelwa kweMaple yaseJapan: Nini kwaye Uyenza njani

El ukufakelwa yemaple yaseJapan, nokuba emhlabeni okanye embizeni enkulu, kufuneka isoloko isenziwa kuyo primavera, kanye njengokuba isityalo siqalisa ukushukuma incindi nangaphambi kokuba intshule ngokupheleleyo. Oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwaye kuququzelele ukuhlaliswa. Ukuba utshintshela kwimbiza entsha:

• Khetha isikhongozeli esimalunga ne-10 cm ubukhulu nobude kunesi sidlulileyo.
• Gwema ukuphula iingcambu zengcambu kunye nokuxhaphaza iingcambu kakhulu.
• Nkcenkceshela kakuhle emva kokutshintshwa kunye nokukhusela isityalo kwilanga elithe ngqo iintsuku eziliqela.

Kwi-bonsai, ukubuyiswa kwembiza kwenziwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini kwisampulu eselula kwaye rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu nangaphezulu kwisampulu yabantu abadala ukuhlaziya i-substrate kunye nokuthena iingcambu ukuba kuyimfuneko. Funda ngakumbi kwisikhokelo sethu Ukukhula kunye nokukhathalela imaple yaseJapan.

Ukusasazwa kweemaphu zaseJapan: imbewu, ukusika, ukuxutywa, kunye nokubeka

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zoku ukusasaza iimephu zaseJapan:

1. Ukuhlwayela imbewu: Qokelela imbewu ekwindla kade xa iqala ukoma. Zihlwayelwe ngokungekho nzulu kwi-acidophilic substrate kwaye ubeke itreyi okanye isixhobo sokutyala kwindawo epholileyo, enomthunzi. Ingqele yasebusika inceda ukophula latency kwaye ithanda ukuntshula entlakohlaza, nangona imizekelo efunyenwe kwimbewu ingaqinisekisi ubuhle obufanayo nomthi ongumama.
2. UkusikaNgentwasahlobo, yinqumle isebe elincinci, lifake kwi-hormone ye-rooting, kwaye uyityale kumhlaba omanzi, omuncu. Yigcine inomthunzi kwaye ifumile de iingcambu zikhule.
3. Uludwe: Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ngokuthembekileyo imihlanganiselwa yokuhombisa. Kwisiphunzi seengcambu Acer palmatum Udidi olufunwayo lumiliselwe. Le ndlela ixhaphake kwii-nursery ukugcina iimpawu ezithile zamagqabi kunye nombala.
4. Ulwahlulwe: Oku kubandakanya ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu kwisebe ngaphandle kokuyahlula kumthi ongumzali. Oku kubandakanya ukwenza isikrolwa esincinci kunye nokuvala indawo nge-substrate emanzi. Sakuba sineengcambu, isityalo esitsha siyahlukaniswa.

Ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo lwemephu yaseJapan kwiimbiza kunye nebhonsai

• Kubongwe: Hlaziya umaleko ophezulu we substrate ngonyaka. Gcina ukunkcenkceshela okungaguqukiyo kwaye ukhusele ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
• KwibhonsaiUkugcina inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela elungeleleneyo kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi, kunye nokuthenwa kunye nokucuthwa rhoqo ukuze kuchazwe ukumila okufunayo, ngundoqo. Isithuba ngaphandle kofakelo lotyando njengoko umthi uvuthwa kwaye usebenzise isubstrates ezinokugcinwa kwamanzi okugqwesileyo kunye nomthamo wokungenisa umoya.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Uyithena njani iMaple yaseJapan: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo, inkathalo, kunye neengcebiso zePro

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nemephu yaseJapan

• Ikhula kangakanani imaple yaseJapan kunyaka wayo wokuqala? Ngumthi okhula kancinci. Ukusuka kwimbewu, inokukhula nge-30-50 cm kunyaka wokuqala, kwaye kuya kuthatha iminyaka emininzi ukufumana ukumila okufana nomthi.
• Ngaba imephu yaseJapan inetyhefu? Ayithathwa njengetyhefu kubantu okanye kwizilwanyana ezifuywayo, kodwa amaqabunga ayo awaqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa.
• Kutheni amagqabi etshintsha umbala? Ukutshintsha kombala ekwindla kubangelwa ukuhla kwemveliso yeklorofili kunye nokubonakala kwemibala efana ne-carotene kunye ne-anthocyanins.
• Ihlala ixesha elingakanani imaple yaseJapan? Iyakwazi ukuphila ixesha elide kune-70-90 iminyaka phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.

Imaphu yaseJapan idibanisa ubuhle, ukomelela, kunye nephalethi yombala engakholelekiyo eyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kuye nawuphi na umntu othanda igadi, nokuba kusegadini, kwithafa, okanye njengebhonsai. Ukwazi kwayo iimfuno zendawo, umgangatho, ukunkcenkceshela y ukhuseleko Xa ujongene neemeko ezigqithisileyo, unokonwabela lo mthi we-iconic iminyaka emininzi, ongahombisi nje kuphela, kodwa uzisa i-biodiversity kunye nokuzola kuyo nayiphi na indawo eluhlaza.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokuba nomthi wemaple waseJapan: ukhathalelo, ukutyala, kunye neengcebiso zengcali