Indlela yokukhetha iMithi yoMhlobiso: Gqibezela iSikhokelo kunye neeNgcebiso zeNgcali

Los Imithi yokuhombisa Ziyi-protagonists zangempela kuyo nayiphi na indawo yegadi. Abapheleli nje ekuhombiseni imekobume ngenkangeleko, amagqabi, neentyatyambo, kodwa banegalelo kwintlalo-ntle nakumgangatho wobomi ngokulawula amaqondo obushushu, ngokubonelela ngomthunzi, ngokudala ubumfihlo, nokusebenza njengendawo yokusabela kwizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lweentlobo zemihlobiso yegadi lufuna ukucwangciswa okucokisekileyo okuthathela ingqalelo izinto ezininzi. Ukukhetha kakuhle kungundoqo ekuphepheni iingxaki ezizayo kunye nokonwabela umthi onempilo, omhle, kunye nokusebenzayo amashumi eminyaka.

Yintoni umthi wokuhombisa kwaye kutheni ukhethe enye yegadi yakho?

Umthi wokuhombisa ngowokutyalwa ikakhulu ngenxa yexabiso lawo lobuhle. Ezi ntlobo zinokugqama:

• Ubuhle bayo beentyatyambo: Iintyatyambo ezibukhali, imibala eqaqambileyo okanye amavumba anomtsalane.
• Amagqabi anomtsalane: Imibala ye-Autumnal, amaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza, i-silhouettes ekhethekileyo okanye iithoni ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nemfusa, isilivere okanye igolide.
• Isakhiwo kunye nokumila: Iziqu ze-sculptural, i-branched okanye i-drooping (elila) izithsaba, ukukhula okuthe nkqo okanye okujijekileyo.
• UkuguquguqukaEzinye iintlobo zomelele kwaye zinyamezela iimeko ezahlukeneyo, zizenza zilungele ukulima edolophini kunye nokugcinwa kwegadi.

Ukongeza kumsebenzi wabo wokuhombisa, imithi yokuhombisa idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem yegadi: inika umthunzi, ilawula ubushushu, idale imiqobo yomoya nengxolo, itsale i-pollinators, kwaye iphucule ixabiso le-ecology kunye nobuhle bekhaya.

Izinto eziphambili zokukhetha imithi yokuhlobisa

Ukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi kuthetha ukuhlalutya iimpawu zendawo apho umthi uza kutyalwa khona, kodwa ulindele uphuhliso lwawo kunye nefuthe lekamva eliya kuba nalo kwigadi kunye neziseko ezikufutshane.

Indawo ekhoyo: Ubungakanani kunye nophuhliso lwabantu abadala

Iphutha eliqhelekileyo likhetha kwimpembelelo, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukuba umthi uya kukhula.Umthi omncinci owenziwe ngeembiza, ekuhambeni kweminyaka, unokukhula ube ngubude obubonakalayo kunye nokunwenwa kwe-canopy, kwaye uphuhlise inkqubo yeengcambu enkulu kunokuba bekulindelwe. Ngaphambi kokukhetha uhlobo oluthile, luluvo olulungileyo ukufumanisa malunga noku:

• Ubude obuninzi obunokuthi umthi omdala ufikelele
• Idayamitha yekomityi
• Uhlobo kunye nobungakanani beengcambu (ezinye ziyahlasela kwaye zinokonakalisa imibhobho, iindonga okanye iipavumente)

Kwiigadi ezincinci (ngaphantsi kwama-50 m²), khetha iintlobo ezixineneyo, ezikhula ngokucothayo ezineengcambu ezingahlaseliyo. Kwiigadi ezinobungakanani obuphakathi okanye ezikhulu, kukho indawo enkulu yemithi ephakathi okanye emikhulu, kodwa kusoloko kuhlonitshwa umgama omncinci ukusuka ekhaya, ezindongeni, kumadama okuqubha, okanye imigca yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba.

Imozulu kunye nendawo yejografi

Isimo sezulu sigqiba kwimpumelelo yomthi wokuhombisaIintlobo zikholisa ukuphumelela kakuhle ukuba ziphuma kwi-ikhosistim efana naleyo yendawo yokutyala. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela:

• Ubuncinci kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ukumelana nokubanda okugqithisileyo okanye ubushushu)
• Ukuphindaphinda kweqabaka kunye nekhephu, okanye imbalela yamaxesha onyaka
• Imvula kunye nokufuma
• Ukuboniswa kwelanga (ilanga eligcweleyo, umthunzi ophakathi okanye umthunzi)
• Umoya (ezinye iintlobo zinobuntununtunu kunezinye kumoya onamandla okanye onetyuwa kufuphi nolwandle)

Ukubonisana neemephu ze-rusticity kunye nokujonga iintlobo zendalo okanye ezilungelelaniswe kakuhle kwindawo kwenza kube lula ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo (imithi yomnquma, ii-oki, iipayini kunye nokuninzi).

Uhlobo lomhlaba kunye nokukhupha amanzi

I-substrate ligazi lobomi bomthi. Okokuqala, hlalutya:

• Uhlobo lomhlaba: isanti, idongwe, intlenga, ilitye, njl.
• pH kunye nezondloEminye imithi idinga umhlaba omuncu (iimephu, i-sweetgum, i-magnolias), ngelixa ezinye zikhula kwi-alkaline okanye kumhlaba we-calcareous (imithi yomnquma, iirharnati, i-oki).
• UmseleImithi yokuhombisa ihlupheka kakhulu ngamanzi okanye i-substrates edibeneyo; uninzi lufuna umhlaba opholileyo nogalelwe amanzi.

Ukufumanisa, unokwenza uvavanyo olulula lweviniga (kwi-alkalinity), uvavanyo lwesoda yokubhaka (kwi-acidity), okanye uvavanyo lokukhupha amanzi ngokumba umngxuma kunye nokuwugcwalisa ngamanzi. Ukuba kuthatha ngaphezu kweeyure ezimbalwa ukutyhutyha, kufuneka uphucule amanzi okuhambisa amanzi phambi kokutyala.

Umsebenzi ofuna ukuba umthi uwufezekise

• Sombra: Imithi enamagqabi ashinyeneyo, enesithsaba esibanzi (umthi wenqwelomoya, imulberry, i-oki)
• Iintyatyambo zokuhombisaUmthi we-apile wokuhlobisa, i-magnolia, umthi we-cherry waseJapan, umthi we-Judas
• Ubumfihlo okanye umqobo obonakalayo: Cypress, leylandi, laurel, photinia
• Ukutsala izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo: Imithi yeplam, imithi yom-amangile, imithi yerharnati, imithi yeziqhamo enika umungu neziqhamo kwizilwanyana
• Ukugcinwa okuphantsiIintlobo zendalo okanye ezilungelelaniswe kakuhle (umnquma, i-holm oak, umjunipha, i-hackberry)

Akukho mthi ugqibeleleyo ohlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno (ukukhula okukhawulezayo, iintyatyambo ezibukekayo, amagqabi ahlala eluhlaza, umhlaba ongunothi, kunye neengcambu ezingahlaseli), ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuchaza izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kwindawo yakho kunye nendlela yokuphila.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokhathalelo ngokweentlobo

Khetha imithi esekelwe kwixesha kunye nezibonelelo onakho okanye ofuna ukuzinikezela ekunyamekeleni kwabo. Eminye imithi yokuhombisa ifuna ukuthenwa rhoqo, ukuchumisa, unyango lwe-phytosanitary, okanye ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ngelixa eminye yomelele kakhulu kwaye iphila ngokhathalelo oluncinci, ibenza ilungele i-xeriscaping okanye iigadi zasedolophini.

Ukuba awunaxesha elininzi, khetha iintlobo zolondolozo oluphantsi (umthi womnquma, umthi wequnube, i-holm oak, ijacaranda…). Ukuba uyonwaba yimiceli mngeni kwaye ufuna isitiya esichumileyo, unokubandakanya iintlobo ezifuna kakhulu (i-magnolia, i-acer palmatum, imithi yeziqhamo, njl. njl.).

Ukuhambelana nezinye izityalo kunye nesakhiwo segadi

Qwalasela isicwangciso segadi yexesha elide:

• Ingaba umthi omdala uza kuhlala uthini?
• Kuya kuchaphazela njani ukukhula kwengca, amatyholo neentyatyambo ezikufuphi (umthunzi, ukhuphiswano lwamanzi kunye nezondlo)
• Ukuba iingcambu zayo okanye amasebe aya kuphazamisa izakhiwo, iindlela okanye izibonelelo

Ukudityaniswa okufanelekileyo kwazo zonke izityalo kunye nezakhiwo zendalo kumhlaba wonke ngundoqo ekuthinteleni ukufuduswa, ukuthenwa okungqongqo, okanye ukususwa kwesampulu kwixesha elizayo.

Ukuhlelwa kwemithi yokuhombisa ngokobungakanani begadi

Isikali kunye nomba wobungakanani. Nantsi eminye imizekelo ecetyiswayo esekwe kwindawo ekhoyo:

Imithi yokuhombisa yegadi ezincinci

• Iphepha elimfusa (Prunus cerasifera 'Nigra'): Isithsaba esingqukuva, amagqabi amfusa, iintyatyambo ezimhlophe okanye ezipinki. Ukufikelela okuqhelekileyo: 6-8 m ubude.
• I-Pittosporum (Pittosporum tobira): Isihlahla/umthi ukuya kwi-7 m. Ilawulwa kakhulu ngokuthenwa, i-evergreen, iintyatyambo ezivumba kakhulu.
• Imephu yaseJapan (Acer palmatum): Ubude obuphezulu be-5-8 m, amagqabi anemibala, amagqabi, afanelekileyo kumhlaba oneasidi.
• Lilo (Syringa vulgaris): I-branching ephantsi, ukuya kwi-7 m, iintyatyambo ezivumba ezimhlophe okanye i-lilac panicles.
• Arbutus (Arbutus unedo): Icwecwe, ikhula kancinci, iziqhamo ezityiwayo kunye neentyatyambo ezintle.
• Umthi we-apile wokuhombisa (Malus floribunda): Iintyatyambo ezibukekayo kunye nobukhulu obuncinci.
• Umthi weJupiter (Lagerstroemia indica): Iintyatyambo zasehlotyeni kwi-panicles, amagqabi anomtsalane asekwindla kunye namaxolo okuhombisa.

Imithi yokuhombisa yegadi enkulu

• Imaple yasebukhosini (Acer platanoides): Ngaba ukufikelela 25-35 m. Amagqabi amakhulu, utshintsho lombala wekwindla onomtsalane.
• John's Cedar (Cupressus lusitanica): I-conifer enkulu engapheliyo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-35-40 m.
• I-beech eqhelekileyo (Fagus sylvatica): Umthi onesithsaba esibanzi, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 m, ulungele umhlaba omtsha kunye nonzulu.
• Oak (Quercus robur, Quercus ilex): Ukukhula okucothayo, ubomi obude kunye nokubeka umthunzi.
• I-Shadow banana (Platanus x hispanica): Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiigadi zasezidolophini, umthunzi oshinyeneyo, ixhathisa ukuthenwa kunye nongcoliseko.
• Ukulila umngcunube (Salix babylonica): Ilungele iindawo ezinomswakama, ukubonakala kokulila, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nefuthe lothando.
• Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora): Amagqabi akhazimlayo, iintyatyambo ezinuka kamnandi, isithsaba sepyramidal, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15-20 m.

Imithi yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba kunye neemeko

Ukulungelelanisa ukhetho lomthi wokuhombisa kuhlobo oluthile lomhlaba kunye nomthamo wawo wokukhupha amanzi kubalulekile kuphuhliso lwawo olunempilo nolunamandla:

• Imihlaba eneAcidic okanye engathathi hlangothi: Imephu yaseJapan, i-magnolia, i-sweetgum, i-oki yaseMelika, i-camellias, i-hydrangeas, i-chestnut, i-tulip tree yaseVirginia.
• Umhlaba onealkaline okanye onealkali: Hackberry, boxwood, yew, London plane, holm oak, umkhiwane, hornbeam, irharnati, uthando umthi, umnquma.
• Imihlaba ehambisa amanzi kakuhlePhantse yonke imithi yokuhombisa iyayifuna. Ukuba umhlaba ugcina amanzi amaninzi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kufakwe iinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi, ukuphakamisa umhlaba, okanye ukuxuba kwi-perlite / udongwe.
• Iindawo ezimanzi okanye iindawo ezinezikhukula zexeshana: Weeping willow, alder, sweetgum.

Ukubaluleka kwemozulu xa ukhetha imithi yokuhombisa

Imozulu yendawo inquma ukuba zeziphi iintlobo eziya kukhula kakuhle kwaye zifuna ukhathalelo oluncinci. Jonga iintlobo zasendle kunye nemithi esele ichumile kule ndawo:

• En Imozulu yeMeditera: Umnquma, umthi wequnube, irharnati, i-holm oak, i-Aleppo pine, ijacaranda, i-chestnut, i-hackberry.
• En imimandla eneqabaka rhoqo: Beech, cherry, linden, birch, oak, maple, magnolia, yew.
• En Imimandla yonxwemeI-Tamarisk, i-willow, indiza yaseLondon, i-mulberry, i-eucalyptus (ngokommiselo wendawo), i-Monterey cypress.
• En iindawo ezomileyo nezishushu: Umnquma, umnga, tipa, carob, jacaranda, ceibo.
• En kwimimandla yetropiki: Flamboyan, enterolobium, bombax, iintendelezo.

Imithi yokuhombisa ekhula ngokukhawuleza enomthunzi omninzi

Ukuba ukhangela umthunzi ngokukhawuleza, nalu ukhetho olukhula ngokukhawuleza (nangona luthanda ukufuna ulondolozo olungakumbi):

• Ukulila umngcunube (Salix babylonica): Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, amasebe ajingayo kunye nomthunzi ohluziweyo.
• Ipoplar eqhelekileyo (Populus tremula): Ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ilungele iindawo ezinkulu.
• I-Shadow banana (Platanus x hispanica): Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, isithsaba esibanzi kunye namagqabi avuthulukileyo.
• URobinia (Robinia pseudoacacia): Ukukhula okude kwiminyaka nje embalwa, iintyatyambo ezinevumba elimnandi.
• Linden (Tilia europaea): Igqabi elikhulu, umthunzi oshinyeneyo kunye nevumba elimnandi.
• Umthi weParadesi (Melia azedarach): Amagqabi adibeneyo kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza.
• Ceibo (Erythrina crista-galli): Ukugquma ngokukhawuleza kunye neentyatyambo ezibomvu ezimangalisayo.

Khumbula ukuba imithi ekhula ngokukhawuleza isoloko ifuna ukuthenwa ngamaxesha athile ukulawula ubungakanani bayo kunye nokugcina ubume obusempilweni.

Imithi yokuhombisa ngokulula

Kwabo bafuna ubuhle ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu:

• Olivo (Olea europaea): Ihlala ixesha elide, ihlala iluhlaza, iyamelana nembalela kunye nokuthenwa.
• Icypress eqhelekileyo (Cupressus sempervirens): Ikholamu yendalo, ilungele uthango kunye nezahlulo.
• Ijacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia): Ubuhle bentyatyambo eviolet, ayinyangeki.
• Arbutus (Arbutus unedo): Evergreen, iziqhamo ezityiwayo kwaye phantse azinazinambuzane.
• Umthi wothando (Cercis siliquastrum): Iintyatyambo kumasebe angenanto, ukuziqhelanisa nemihlaba eyahlukeneyo.
• Ukulila umngcunube (Salix babylonica): Ifuna kuphela ukufuma rhoqo.
• ILaurel yaseIndiya (Ficus microcarpa): Ukunyamezela, igxolo lokuhombisa, lilungele imozulu epholileyo.

Imithi yeziqhamo yokuhombisa ehombisayo kwaye ivelise isivuno

Udibanisa ubuhle kunye luncedo. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga ezahlukeneyo imithi yokuhombisa yepatio, khangela ukhetho lweentlobo zeziqhamo ezibonelela ngobuhle kunye nemveliso.

• Umthi weapile (Malus domestica): Iintyatyambo zasentlakohlaza kunye neziqhamo zasehlotyeni.
• Itsheri (Prunus avium): Iintyatyambo ezintle, iicheri ezimnandi.
• Umthi welamuni (Citrus limon): Inevumba elimnandi, intyatyambo kunye neziqhamo phantse unyaka wonke kwimozulu epholileyo.
• Irharnati (Punica granatum): Iziqhamo ezibomvu, amagqabi okuhombisa kunye neentyatyambo ezimibalabala.
• UHiguera (Ficus carica): Iziqhamo zasehlotyeni, isithsaba esishinyeneyo kunye nokumelana nembalela.
• Iamangile (Prunus dulcis): Iintyatyambo ezipinki ebusika, iziqhamo ezomileyo.

Imithi yeentyantyambo yokuhombisa yegadi

• Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora): Iintyatyambo ezinkulu, ezimhlophe, ezinuka kamnandi kumagqabi aluhlaza.
• I-cherry yaseJapan (Prunus serrulata): Intyatyambo yasekuqaleni epinki, inkangeleko ehlangeneyo.
• Umthi weplum wokuhlobisa (Prunus cerasifera): Iintyatyambo ezimhlophe okanye ezipinki, amagqabi amfusa.
• Ijacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia): Iqela leentyantyambo ezibhlowu okanye eziviolet entlakohlaza.
• ILaburnum (Laburnum anagyroides): Izihloko ezijingayo zeentyatyambo ezityheli.

Le mithi ayikhangeli kuphela ingqalelo ebonakalayo, kodwa kunye ne-pollinators ezifana neenyosi kunye namabhabhathane.

Imithi yokuhombisa yeegadi zeekhonteyina okanye ezo zinendawo encinci

Ngeendawo ezincinci okanye izitiya zeenkonkxa, bona iintlobo ezikuyo imithi yokuhombisa kwiimbiza eyona ilungele indawo yakho kunye neemfuno.

Iingqwalasela zomthetho kunye nokuhlalisana

Ngaphambi kokutyala, khumbula:

• Jonga ifayile imimiselo kamasipala okanye imimiselo yengingqi kwimigama encinci yokutyala ukusuka kwimida kunye nezakhiwo.
• El Ikhowudi yoluntu Kweminye imimandla, kunyanzelekile ukutyala imithi kumgama ubuncinane weemitha ezimbini ukusuka kumda (jonga ukuba oku kuyasebenza na kwindawo yakho).
• Yenza uqeqesho nokugcinwa kokuthenwa ngamaxesha athile ukuphepha ukuphazamisa abamelwane (umthunzi ogqithisileyo, iingcambu ezihlaselayo, amagqabi awileyo okanye iziqhamo).

Iingcebiso kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo zokwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo

1. Uphando kunye nesicwangciso sexesha elideCinga ukuba umthi wakho uya kuba njani kwiminyaka eli-10, engama-20, okanye engama-50. Kuphephe ukuthenga ngokungxamisekileyo ngokusekelwe kwindlela ejongeka ngayo kwi-nursery.
2. Beka phambili iintlobo zezityalo zemveli okanye ezilungelelaniswe kakuhle: Ziyakwazi ukumelana kakhulu kwaye zifuna ukhathalelo oluncinci.
3. Lungisa umhlaba ngokuchanekileyo: Ngaphambi kokutyala, phucula i-substrate nge-organic fertilizer, i-compost okanye umhlaba ongaphezulu ngokweemfuno zeentlobo ezikhethiweyo.
4. Khetha elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyalaNgokuqhelekileyo, ukwindla kunye nobusika (ngaphandle kwamaxesha eqabaka) zifanelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhluma okulungileyo phambi kwehlobo.
5. Gcina ukunkcenkceshela okwaneleyo: Ngexesha leminyaka embalwa yokuqala, neentlobo ezomeleleyo zifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo de zibe sezinzile.
6. Ukuthena ngobulumkoUkuthena kufuneka kuhloniphe ubume bendalo bomthi. Kuphephe ukusika amasebe aphambili okanye ukwenza amanxeba abanzi.
7. Ikhusela inkqubo yeengcambu: Ithintela ukubumbana komhlaba phezu kweengcambu kwaye ikhusela isiseko somthi ekunyathelweni nakumatshini.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa ukhetha imithi yokuhlobisa

• Ayilindelanga isayizi yabantu abadala: Ukukhetha iintlobo ezingafanelekanga ngobungakanani begadi kunokubangela iingxaki ezixabisa kakhulu kwisakhiwo.
• Ukungahoyi iimfuno zemozulu okanye zomhlabaUkunyanzela iintlobo ezingahambelaniyo kukhokelela kwimithi ebuthathaka, egulayo.
• Izityalo ezikufutshane kakhulu neziseko zophuhliso: Iingcambu kunye nesithsaba zingonakalisa imibhobho, uphahla, iindonga kunye neepavumente.
• Ukwahluka okuncinci: Ukutyala uhlobo olunye lomthi (i-monoculture) kwandisa ingozi yezinambuzane okanye izifo.
• Ukunqongophala kwesondlo sokuqalaUkungahoywa kwasemva kokutyala kugxeka umthi ekukhuleni kakubi.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neMithi yokuhombisa

• Ngaba ndingatyala nawuphi na umthi wokuhombisa nakweyiphi na imozulu?
  Hayi. Kubalulekile ukukhetha iintlobo ezilungelelaniswe neemeko zendawo ukuthintela ukufa kwangaphambi kwexesha okanye ulondolozo olugqithisileyo.
• Ingakanani indawo endiyidingayo ukuze ndityale umthi womthunzi?
  Kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo, kodwa ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka uhloniphe i-diameter yesithsaba yabantu abadala, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-10 yeemitha kwimithi ephakathi kunye nenkulu. Soloko ujongana nephepha ledatha yobugcisa phambi kokutyala.
• Yeyiphi imithi yokuhombisa engaziphakamisiyo iipavumente okanye yonakalise imibhobho?
  Imithi eneengcambu ezingezizo, ezifana nemithi ye-strawberry, i-pittosporums, imithi yeplum, imithi ye-lilac, i-maple yaseJapan, okanye imithi yeziqhamo ezinqabileyo, zikhetho ezikhuselekileyo kwiindawo zasezidolophini okanye iiyadi ezincinci.
• Ingaba imithi ehlala iluhlaza okanye evuthulukayo ingcono?
  Nganye ineengenelo. I-Evergreens inika ubumfihlo kunye nohlaza ebusika; imithi evuthulukayo ivumela ilanga lasebusika kwaye inike umbala wokuwa, kodwa ibangele ubugxwayiba obungakumbi ngenxa yokuwa kwamagqabi.
• Liliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala imithi yokuhombisa?
  Ekwindla nasebusika, kwiintlobo ezininzi zeentlobo, njengoko ziseka phambi kobushushu behlobo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Isikhokelo esipheleleyo seMithi yokuhombisa yeePatios: Ubuhle, umthunzi, kunye noBomi kwiNdawo yakho yangaphandle