Ukukhetha eyona mithi ifanelekileyo kwigadi yakho sisigqibo esiphambili esiya kuba nefuthe kuphuhliso, ukusebenza, kunye nobuhle bendawo yakho yangaphandle amashumi eminyaka. Imithi ayichazi nje kuphela umlingiswa wegadi kunye nobukhulu bayo kunye nobukhulu bayo, kodwa iphinda imise i-microclimate, inike umthunzi kunye neendawo zokuhlala zezilwanyana zasendle, zihlobise ngeentyantyambo kunye nemibala yazo, kwaye zandise amandla ombane wekhaya. Kuzo zonke ezi zizathu, kubalulekile ukuthatha ixesha lokucwangcisa ukhetho lwakho.
Kutheni imithi intsika yomyezo?
Nanini na xa uyila igadi, ukutyala imithi kufuneka ibe yenye yamanyathelo okuqala. Imithi idala isakhiwo esisisiseko Izityalo eziseleyo kunye nemimandla yendawo eluhlaza iya kutyalwa kwezi. Zibonelela ngomthunzi, zivumela ukubandakanywa kweentlobo ezingakunyamezeliyo ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo, njenge-ferns, i-hostas, okanye izihlahla zokuhombisa.
Ukongeza, ubukho babo bunceda lawula ubushushu bendawo, ukunciphisa ingxolo yangaphandle, kunye nokukhusela kwimimoya ekhoyo. Umthi ovuthiweyo, omi kakuhle unokunciphisa ubushushu behlobo phantsi kwecanopy yawo ngaphezu kwe-8-10 degrees kwaye unciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ekhaya.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba imithi, enomjikelezo wobomi obude, iya kutshintsha igadi kwiminyaka. Umthi obekwe kwindawo embi okanye ongakhethwanga kakuhle unokubangela iingxaki kwixesha elizayo, ukonakala kwesakhiwo, okanye imfuneko yokususwa okunexabiso eliphezulu.
Iikhrayitheriya ezibalulekileyo zokukhetha imithi yegadi yakho
Ngaphambi kokuthenga umthi Nokuba ikhethwe ngokungxamisekileyo ngenxa yenkangeleko yayo entle kwindawo yokugcina abantwana okanye kwintyatyambo epheleleyo, kubalulekile ukucaca malunga nenani lezinto ezigqibayo:
- Imozulu kunye nendawo yejografi: Uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu, ukufuma, ukuba sesichengeni kwiqabaka, ukuba kufutshane nolwandle okanye ukuphakama kuchaphazela ngqo uphuhliso lohlobo ngalunye.
- Uhlobo lomhlaba kunye nomgangatho:Kukho iintlobo ezidinga umhlaba oneasidi, ezinye zikhula kakuhle kwi-calcareous, clayey okanye kwisanti substrates. Hlalutya i-drainage, ukuhlangana, kunye nezondlo Umhlaba ungundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukukhula okunempilo.
- Ubungakanani kunye nesantya sokukhula kwabantu abadala: Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umthi uya kukhula kangakanani ekukhuleni kwaye kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufikelela kuloo bungakanani. Impazamo eqhelekileyo kukutyalwa kweentlobo zezityalo ezinkulu kakhulu kwizitiya ezincinci okanye zasezidolophini.
- Uphuhliso lweengcambu: Inkqubo yeengcambu ayigcini nje ngokuxhasa umthi, kodwa inokuchaphazela izibonelelo ezikufutshane, iipavumente, amadama okuqubha, iindonga, okanye amakhaya.
- Iimfuno zamanzi nombaneNgelixa eminye imithi inyamezela imbalela okanye umthunzi, eminye ifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo kunye nokukhanya kwelanga.
- Ukusebenza kunye nobuhleNgaba ujonge umthunzi, iintyatyambo, iziqhamo, imibala yasekwindla, isikrini esibonakalayo, isithinteli somoya, okanye indawo yokusabela yezilwanyana zasendle?
- UlungisoEminye imithi ifuna ukuthenwa rhoqo, ukulawula izinambuzane, okanye ukunkcenkceshelwa kakhulu. Abanye bafuna phantse ukhathalelo konke konke.
Ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunye nokucinga ixesha elide kuya kukusindisa ingxaki kunye neendleko ezingeyomfuneko.
Imithi ehlala iluhlaza okanye evuthulukileyo: yeyiphi onokuyikhetha?
Enye yeengxaki eziphambili kukwenza isigqibo phakathi imithi eluhlaza y Imithi yamagqabi abuthathakaEsi sigqibo sichaphazela umthunzi, ubumfihlo, kunye nokugcinwa kuwo onke amaxesha onyaka.
Imithi ehlala iluhlaza Zigcina amagqabi azo unyaka wonke, zinika ukhuseleko kunye nombala kwanasebusika. Zilungele ukwenza iheji, izikrini ezibonakalayo, okanye ukugcina ubumfihlo kulo lonke ixesha lonyaka. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya ipayina (Ipeyinti), imisipres (vulaimisipres (ICompressus), imithi yomnquma (I-Olea europaeaiimagnolias (IMagnolia grandiflora).
Imithi yamagqabi abuthathaka Zilahlekelwa ngamagqabi ekwindla, nto leyo evumela ukukhanya kwelanga ukuba kungene ngexesha lasebusika kwaye kuncede ukufudumeza ikhaya. Bahlala benikezela ngeentyatyambo ezinkulu zasentwasahlobo kunye neendawo ezintle zasekwindla. Imizekelo: iimaphu (Acer), sweetgum (I-Liquidambar styraciflua), imithi yothuthu (Fraxinus), Amanqatha ehashe (I-Aesculus hippocastanum), iginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba).
Yonke imithi, kuqukwa nezityalo ezihlala ziluhlaza, zihlaziya amagqabi awo, nangona zingakwenzi oko ngaxeshanye njengemithi evuthulukayo. Akukho mthi ungashiyi amagqabi.Abanye bakwenza oko ngokuthe ngcembe unyaka wonke, ngoxa abanye bekwenza oko ngokuqhushumba ebudeni beeveki ezimbalwa.
- Imithi evuthuluka ecetyiswayo
- ImaphuAcer)
- Ingqolowa yamahashe (I-Aesculus)
- bawuhini
- Imithi ehlala iluhlaza edumileyo
- Ifir (vula)
- ICypress (ICompressus)
- I-magnolia eqhelekileyo (IMagnolia grandiflora)
Ubungakanani bomthi kunye negadi bunempembelelo njani?
Umlinganiselo womthi nendawo ekhoyo ubalulekile. Iphutha eliqhelekileyo lokutyala iintlobo ezinkulu kwiigadi ezincinci, ezithi ekuhambeni kwexesha zidale ukhuphiswano lokukhanya, amanzi kunye nendawo, zonakalisa izakhiwo kunye nomthunzi ogqithisileyo.
Ukuze isityalo sigqalwe njengomthi ngokwenene, kufuneka sodlule Iimitha ezili-5 ukuphakama kwaye amasebe asuke emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqikelela ubungakanani bomthi omdala kunye nokuvumela ubuncinci indawo ejikeleze kuyo njengoko isithsaba sayo kunye neengcambu zeprojekthi.
- Imithi efanelekileyo kwiigadi ezincinci (ubude obona bude bumalunga ne-6 m, isithsaba < 4 m ubukhulu):
- Umthi weJupiter (Lagerstroemia inkomba)
- Iplamu yegadi enamagqabi abomvu (IPrunus cerasifera var. atropurpurea)
- Umthi we-Strawberry (IArbutus unedo)
- Umthi wama-apile wokuhombisa (malus floribunda)
- Imephu yaseJapan (Acer palmatum)
- Imithi yeegadi ezinkulu (ubude > 15 m, isithsaba > 6 m):
- ICasuarinaICasuarina equisetifolia)
- umsedare waseHimalayan (ICedrus deodara)
- Ibhanana lobuxoki (I-Acer pseudoplatanus)
- Ukulila umngcunubeI-Salix babylonica)
- Ilinden (I-Tilia yaseYurophu)
- Ipayina, i-oki, imithi yothuthu...
Kwiigadi ezincinciNgokuqhelekileyo kungcono ukhethe i-specimen eyodwa evelele kwaye uyincedise ngamatyholo, i-perennials, okanye abakhweli. Kwiindawo ezinkulu, imithi emininzi yobukhulu obuhlukeneyo kunye nokuphakama inokudibaniswa.
Izilumkiso ngenkqubo yeengcambu
Ukukhula kweengcambu kuyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo. Abanye, njenge iilms (Ulmus), imithi yothuthu (Fraxinus), i-ficus o Imithi yepine, zanda kakhulu kwaye zindlongondlongo. Kuphephe ukuzityala kufutshane namakhaya, iindonga, amadama okuqubha okanye imibhobho.Kunconywa ukugcina umgama omncinci weemitha ezili-10 ukusuka kwizakhiwo okanye uthungelwano olungaphantsi komhlaba.
Xa uthandabuzayo, khetha imithi eneengcambu ezingahlaseliyo okanye uzibuze: Ngaba ndifuna ukutyala eminye imithi ekufutshane kwixesha elizayo? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziseko ezingundoqo ezinokuchaphazeleka?
Imozulu, eyona nto ibalulekileyo
Imozulu imisela ukuba zeziphi iindidi ezinokuthi ziphile kwaye zichume. Akunakwenzeka ukukhulisa iintlobo zetropikhi apho kukho iqabaka., okanye imithi evela kwiindawo ezibandayo kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo okanye ngaphandle kwexesha eliphawulweyo.
Jonga ifayile indawo yobunzima bomthi ngamnye kunye nobuncinci/obona bukhulu ukumelana nobushushu, kwakunye nokunyamezela umoya, ubutyuwa nembalela. Kubalulekile ukuba uhlobo olukhethayo lulungelelaniswe nommandla wakho. Ukutyhileka (ilanga/umthunzi) kunye nokuqhelaniswa (emantla/emazantsi) nako kudlala indima.
- Umzekelo wemithi ekwaziyo ukumelana nokubanda: I-fir, i-maple, i-sweetgum, i-oki, i-beech, i-ginkgo
- Umzekelo wemithi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu/imbalela: Umnquma, i-hackberry, i-carob, i-jacaranda, i-melia, i-mulberry
- Umzekelo wemithi yeendawo ezimanzi: I-Weeping Willow, i-alder, iipopulari, imithi yothuthu
Umhlaba: uhlobo, amanzi kunye nezondlo
I-terrain imisela ukuba zeziphi iindidi eziya kuphumelela kwaye njani. Thatha uvavanyo olusisiseko ukufumanisa i-pH (eneasidi, engathathi hlangothi, okanye enealkaline), ukumila (isanti, udongwe, okanye udaka oluvunduvundu), umjelo wamanzi, nokuchuma. Umhlaba ongakhutshelwanga kakuhle uya kubangela ukufunxa kweengcambu, ngelixa ukunqongophala kwezinto eziphilayo okanye ukungonelanga kweasidi kuya kuthintela ukufunxwa kwezondlo.
Ezinye iindidi ezixatyiswayo ngenxa yombala wazo wokuwa, njengeemephu, i-chestnuts, i-sweetgums, ne-beech, zifuna umhlaba oneasidi, otyebileyo. Ukuba umhlaba wakho wegadi ulimestone okanye udongwe, ungawulungisa kwindawo ohlala kuyo okanye ukhethe iintlobo ezomeleleyo.
- Imithi yemihlaba eneasidi: Ii-oki, iimephu, i-sweetgum, i-chestnuts, i-magnolias
- Imithi yemihlaba yekalika: Ii-oki zeHolm, imithi yomnquma, imithi yealmondi, iipayini, iipayini
Ungalibali ukutyebisa umhlaba ngaphambi kokutyala usebenzisa i-substrate yendalo yonke okanye izichumisi eziphilayo.
Imithi eneentyantyambo, iziqhamo okanye amagqabi okuhombisa: ixabiso lobuhle
Khetha imithi kungekhona nje umthunzi okanye ubumfihlo, kodwa kunye nabo Ixabiso lezinto zokuhombisaKukho iintlobo ezivelisayo iintyatyambo ezintle entwasahlobo, iziqhamo zokubonisa okanye amagqabi anemibala ekwindla. Dibanisa eminye yale mizekelo ukuze wenze iindawo ekugxilwe kuzo okanye wongeze umdla obonakalayo kwisitiya sakho unyaka wonke.
- Imithi yeentyatyambo ephawulekayo:
- I-Acacia yaseConstantinople (IAlbizia julibrissin)
- I-cherry yaseJapan (Prunus serrulata)
- Imvula yegolide (ILaburnum anagyroides)
- MagnoliaIMagnolia grandiflora)
- Ijacaranda (UJacaranda mimosifolia)
- Imithi ye-apile yokuhlobisa, imithi ye-almond, imithi yaseJapan yeplum
- Imithi eneziqhamo zokuhombisa: Imithi ye-apile yokuhlobisa, imithi ye-strawberry, imithi yerharnati, imithi ye-acerola, imithi ye-quince
- Imithi enemibala yamagqabi asekwindla:
- IswitiI-Liquidambar styraciflua): ubunzulu obubomvu kunye nomfusa
- Ginkgo bilobaGinkgo biloba): igolide tyheli
- Ngaba (Ifagus sylvatica): brown, igolide
- Imaple ebomvu, ichestnut yehashe, uthuthu...
Khumbula: Ukuba umthunzi wonyaka wonke kunye nomsebenzi omncinci ekwindla yinto ephambili yakho, i-perennials lukhetho olusebenzayo. Ukuba ujonge imiboniso yamaxesha onyaka kunye nokutshintsha iigadi, khetha imithi evuthulukayo.
Imithi yemveli, engaqhelekanga, kunye nelungelelanisiweyo: yeyiphi eyona ilungileyo?
Soloko ubeka phambili imithi yemveli okanye iintlobo ezilungele indawo yakhoZithanda ukuxhathisa izinambuzane nezifo zasekuhlaleni, zifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa kunye nokhathalelo oluncinci, kwaye zifake isandla kwizinto eziphilayo. Imizekelo ye "all-rounders" ibandakanya imithi yomnquma, imithi ye-hackberry, iirharnati, imithi ye-cypress, imithi yepineyini, kunye neemephu zaseMelika (acer negundo).
Iintlobo zezityalo ezingaqhelekanga zongeza imvelaphi kodwa zinokuxhomekeka kunkcenkceshelo okanye ekukhuselweni, okanye zide zichaphazeleke xa zingalawulwa. Ukuba ukhetha ukuzikhulisa, yazi kakuhle ngeemfuno zabo kunye nokuziphatha kwingingqi yakho.
Imithi ngokokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo
- Isithunzi: Inqwelomoya yaseLondon, ilinden, uthuthu, elm, catalpa
- Ubungasese kunye nothango: Cypress, thuja, leyland, laurel, privet
- Isithintelo somoya: Ipayini, umsipres, fir, casuarina
- Iqhakaza okanye isibheno esibonakalayo: Magnolia, jacaranda, cherry edubulayo, iapile yokuhombisa
- Imveliso yeziqhamo ezityiwayo: Umthi wama-apile, umthi we-orenji, umnquma, umthi welamuni, umthi wom-amangile, umkhiwane, umthi weplam
- Ukusetyenziswa kwendawo: Imithi yeColumnar (i-Italian cypress) okanye imithi yeziqhamo emincinci kwizitiya ezincinci
Indlela yokudibanisa imithi kunye nezinye izityalo kunye nezinto zegadi?
Ukukhethwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemithi kufuneka kuhambelane nezinye izityalo, ingca, iipaseji kunye neendawo zokuphumla, izinto zokwakha, kunye nekhaya.
- Tyala imithi emantla okanye entshona yendlu ukukhusela elangeni lasehlotyeni nokuvumela ukukhanya ebusika.
- Sebenzisa imithi evuthulukayo ukuba ufuna ilanga ebusika kunye nomthunzi ehlotyeni.
- Dibanisa iintyatyambo zokuhombisa okanye iisampulu zeziqhamo kwiindawo zokuphumla okanye iipatio ukonwabela imibala kunye namavumba azo.
- Sebenzisa iintlobo ezikhula ngokuthe nkqo kwiigadi ezimxinwa okanye ukucanda imimandla.
- Hlanganisa imithi yobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, ukuthungwa, kunye ne-shades ukubonelela ngokungafaniyo kunye ne-dynamism ngaphandle kokugqithisa indawo.
- Qaphela umgama phakathi kwezityalo ukunqanda ukhuphiswano kwaye uvumele uphuhliso oluphezulu lwecanopy.
Eminye imiba esebenzayo ngaphambi kokutyala umthi
- Ukudibana kunokwenzeka imimiselo kamasipala kwimigama emincinci ukuya kumda weploti, iintlobo zeentlobo ezivumelekileyo okanye izithintelo kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo.
- Kwiindawo zasezidolophini, hlonipha umgama omncinci we Iimitha ezi-2 ukusuka kumda kunye nommelwane ukuphepha iingxabano okanye iingxaki zomthetho.
- Khetha iifomati zomthi ezisemgangathweni: Imithi yesikhongozelo ayixinzeleleki kangako kwaye ingatyalwa nanini na, logama imithi eneengcambu ezingenanto ifuna ukutyalwa okuleleyo kunye nolawulo ngononophelo.
- Jonga ukumila kwesiqu kunye nesithsaba: I-specimen enhle ine-trunk echanekileyo, ngaphandle kwamanxeba okanye i-twist, i-trunk elinganayo kunye nesithsaba, kwaye ngaphandle kwamasebe omileyo.
- Nika ingqalelo kulondolozo lwexesha elizayo: Qinisekisa ukuba unokwenza imisebenzi yokuthena, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokufaka izichumisi ezifunwa ziintlobo ezikhethiweyo.
Imithi yolondolozo oluphantsi kunye nezitiya ezizinzileyo
Si buscas igadi ezinzileyo nelula ukukhathalela, khetha iintlobo zendalo ezineemfuno zamanzi aphantsi kunye nokumelana nezinambuzane. Imizekelo:
- Umnquma (I-Olea europaea)
- IHackberry (ICeltis australis)
- Ipayini yelitye (IPinus pinea)
- Irharnati (IPunica granatum)
- Icypress eqhelekileyo (ICompressus sempervirens)
- IAlgarrobo (ICeratonia siliqua)
- Umthi we-Strawberry (IArbutus unedo)
Tyala imithi eqala kubukhulu obuphakathi ukukhawulezisa impembelelo yembonakalo kwaye uyenze isebenziseke ukonwabela iminyaka yakudala, kodwa ungakuthinteli ukutyala iisampulu emincinci ukubona ukuba zikhula njani kwaye zilungelelanise ngcono.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa ukhetha imithi yegadi
- Ukuthenga imithi ngokungxama isekelwe kuphela kwintyatyambo, umbala okanye ifashoni, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukukhula, ukugcinwa okanye ukuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo.
- Ukungaluboni kwangaphambili uphuhliso lokugqibela kunye nokutyala kufutshane kakhulu nendlu, ichibi okanye indlela.
- Ukukhetha iintlobo ngaphandle kokujonga imozulu okanye ukuhambelana komhlaba.
- Ukungahoyi uphuhliso lweengcambu kunye nokuphelisa umonakalo owenziwe kwizakhiwo ezingaphantsi komhlaba okanye kwipavumente.
- Ukungaphumeleli ukucwangcisa umgama phakathi kweesampuli kakuhle kunye nokubangela ukhuphiswano okanye umonakalo omnye komnye.
- Ukulibala ukugcinwa okuyimfuneko, njengokuthena ukugcina imilo okanye ukulawula ukuphakama.
Imithi namatyholo: yintoni umahluko kwaye ziyahambelana njani?
Kuyilo lwegadi, i Imithi nezihlahla zidlala indima ehambelanayoImithi ichaza ubude kunye nesakhiwo esiphambili, ngelixa izihlahla zibonelela ngomthamo ophakathi, iintyatyambo, amahlamvu, okanye iziqhamo kwinqanaba elincinci.
- Izihlahla eziluhlaza: Ibhokisi yomthi (IBuxus), holly (ilex), ilaurel (laurus nobilis), ewe (taxus baccataiviburnum (Viburnum tinus), ndiyana.
- Izihlahla ezinamagqabi: Lilac (I-Syringa vulgarisForsythia,Iforsythiaihydrangea (IHydrangea), rhododendron, azalea, spiraea.
- Amatyholo amancinci: Ilungele iigadi ezincinci, iirockeries okanye ukuphawula iindlela. Imizekelo: ilavenda (ilavenda), umhlekazi (ICalluna), icinquefoil (I-Potentilla fruticosa).
- IiHedges kunye nezikrini: Ukudityaniswa kwamatyholo kunye nemithi ukubonelela ngokhuseleko emoyeni, kwingxolo, okanye emehlweni.
Soloko ukhetha amatyholo alungele imozulu yakho, umhlaba, kunye neemeko zokukhanya. Iimilo ezizezinye, ubude, kunye nemijikelo yeentyatyambo ukugcina isitiya sakho sinomdla unyaka wonke.
Imithi yeegadi ezincinci: zeziphi iindlela ezikhoyo?
Iigadi zasezidolophini nezincinci nazo zinokuzuza kubukho bemithi. Into ebalulekileyo kukukhetha iintlobo ezixineneyo, ukukhula okuthe nkqo okanye iintlobo ezincinci. Ukwenza oku, unokujongana neengcebiso zethu apha imithi emincinci ukumelana nelanga.
- Imithi yekholamu: umsipres waseItali (ICompressus sempervirens), birch (betula pendula), ikholamu yebhanana.
- Imithi Yeziqhamo: Umthi omncinci we-apile (Malus yekhaya 'I-Golden Delicious'), iplam encinci (IPrunus yekhaya 'Pixy').
- Imithi yokuhombisa yeentyatyambo: Itsheri encinci edubulayo (Prunus serrulata 'Kojo-no-mai'), umthi we-tulip (ILiriodendron tulipifera).
- Izihlahla eziluhlaza: I-Pittosporum yaseJapan (IPittosporum tobira).
Ungatyala le mithi ezimbizeni okanye kwiplanti, embindini wengca okanye kwiipatios, kwaye uhambe nazo kunye nezityalo ezihlala ixesha elide, ezinevumba elimnandi okanye ezigqume umhlaba.