Iirhizomes zizinto ezinomdla kwaye zisisiseko sezityalo kwihlabathi lendalo kunye negadi. Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni irhizome, iintlobo zayo, iimpawu, umsebenzi, kunye nemizekelo, inika isiseko esiluqilima kwabo banqwenela ukufunda ngeendlela zokuzala kwezityalo nokufunda malunga neentlobo zezityalo eziphuhliswa ngolu hlobo. Kulo lonke eli nqaku, siya kuphonononga kuyo yonke into enxulumene nerhizomes, sidibanisa ulwazi oluphambili oluvela kweyona mithombo ifanelekileyo nethembekileyo kwaye sandise umba ngamnye ukukunika isikhokelo esiqinisekileyo kolu hlobo lwesikhondo esingaphantsi komhlaba.
Yintoni irhizome?
Irhizome luhlobo lwesiqu esingaphantsi komhlaba esikhula ngokuthe tye, ngaphantsi nje okanye kumgangatho ophantsi. Ngokungafaniyo neengcambu, i-rhizome inamaqhuqhuva kunye ne-internodes (imimandla yokukhula) apho iingcambu zesibini ziphuma phantsi kwaye zihluma okanye iziqu zasemoyeni phezulu. Oku kunika izityalo amandla amangalisayo okwandisa i-lateral kunye nokugubungela iindawo ezinkulu, okubangela ukuba i-colonization esebenzayo yendawo kunye namandla amangalisayo okusinda.
I-Rhizomes isebenza ngokuyintloko njenge amalungu okugcina izondlo, ngakumbi iicarbohydrates kunye nezinye izinto ezigciniweyo, eziyimfuneko kwisityalo ukuba siphile ngamaxesha angathandekiyo, njengobusika okanye imbalela. Ukongeza, badlala indima ephambili kwi ukuveliswa kwezityalo ezingaqhelekanga, ukuvumela iqhekeza ngalinye lerhizome eliqulethe ubuncinci ihlumela elinye ukuba liqhubeke livelisa amagqabi amatsha neengcambu.
I-Rhizomes ixhaphake kakhulu kwizityalo kwaye ifumaneka kwiintlobo ezininzi zezityalo, zombini ezihonjisiweyo kunye nezidliwayo kunye neyeza. Eminye imizekelo yakudala yile i ginger, i Inyibiba, la mint, i bamboo, ingca yaseIndiya nommoba, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi.
Iimpawu eziphambili kunye ne-morphology ye-rhizomes
Ubume be-rhizomes bubonisa uluhlu lwe ukwahlula iimpawu zemofoloji Ngokumalunga namanye amalungu angaphantsi komhlaba anje ngeengcambu, iibhalbhu, iibhubhu kunye neestolons:
- Ukukhula okuthe tye: Zikhula ngokungqamene nomphezulu womhlaba kwaye zinokwandisa umgama omde ukusuka kwisityalo esingunina.
- Iindawo zokuhlala kunye nee-internodes: I-Rhizomes yohlulwe yangamacandelo abizwa ngokuba ngamaqhuqhuva (apho kuvela amahlumela kunye neengcambu) kunye ne-internodes (inxalenye phakathi kweendawo), njengezinye iziqu zezityalo.
- Yolks: Kwindawo yokuhlala nganye kukho ubuncinci ihlumela elinye elikwaziyo ukuvelisa ihlumela elitsha okanye inkqubo yeengcambu.
- Ugcino lwezondlo: Ziqokelela izinto ezifana nesitatshi kunye nabanye oovimba njengendlela yokuphila.
- Umthamo wokusasaza: I-rhizome inokwahlulwa ngokwendalo okanye ngokwemvelo, kwaye inxalenye nganye iyakwazi ukuvelisa isityalo esitsha.
Ukongeza, kukho ezininzi iirhizomes ulungelelwaniso oluthile lwe-morphological kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nendawo ezikhula kuyo. Umzekelo, iintlobo ezihlala kumhlaba onodaka zikholisa ukuba namasebe antsonkothileyo kwaye abanzi, ngelixa ezo zikhula kwindawo enesanti zihlala zineentyantyambo, irhizomes ebhetyebhetye.
Iintlobo zeerhizomes ngokukhula kwazo
I-Rhizomes inokwahlulwa ngokukhula kwayo kunye nokudibanisa kwiintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:
- I-Sympodic (okanye echaziweyo) iirhizomes: Zibonisa ukukhula okulinganiselweyo, apho i-apical bud ifa emva kokubonakala kwehlumela lasemoyeni. Icandelo ngalinye le-rhizome lihambelana nokuphuhliswa kwe-axillary bud, okukhokelela ekukhuleni okuncinci kunye nokuncinci. Imizekelo yolu hlobo lwerhizome lubandakanya izityalo ezifana Sansevieria (ulwimi lukamazala), arundo donax (Castilla cane) kunye nezinye ingca.
- I-Monopodial (okanye engapheliyo) rhizomes: I-terminal bud iyaqhubeka ikhula ngokungapheliyo, ivelisa amasebe amatsha kunye nehlumela kwiindawo. Esi sakhiwo sivelisa izityalo ezinamandla amakhulu okukhula kwaye sihlala sifumaneka kwiintlobo ezinokhula okanye ezihlaselayo, ezifana ne-Aleppo sorghum (Amazimba entlambo), bamboo (IiPhyllostachys), ingca (ICynodon dactylon) kunye nezinye iintlobo zomdla wehorticulture okanye wokuhombisa.
Ukongeza kolu luhlu lwe-morphological, abanye ababhali bahlula phakathi kwe-rhizomes "engaphezulu" kunye "nenzulu" ngokuxhomekeke ekusondeleni kwabo kwi-substrate, kwaye kukho i-rhizomes enokuthi iphuhlise ngokuyinxenye ngaphezu komhlaba, njengoko kunjalo ngeentlobo ezithile zeefern kunye neenyibiba.
Umsebenzi kunye neenzuzo ze-rhizomes kwizityalo
Iirhizomes zenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni nasekuphileni kweentlobo ezininzi zezityalo. Imisebenzi yayo ephambili ibandakanya:
- Ukugcinwa kwezondlo: Iirhizomes zisebenza njengoovimba abangaphantsi komhlaba besitatshi, iprotein, kunye nezinye izinto ezigciniweyo. Oku kuvumela isityalo ukuba siphile ngamaxesha engqele, imbalela, okanye uxinzelelo lwendalo, siphinde sikhule xa iimeko zivuma kwakhona.
- Usasazo lwezityalo: Ngokuqhekeka kwendalo okanye okunyanzelweyo, irhizome ibonelela ngendlela ekhawulezayo nesebenzayo yophindaphindo lwe-asexual. Isiqwenga ngasinye esinehlumela elinye sinamandla okuvelisa isityalo esipheleleyo, esifana nesokuqala, sivumela iindawo ezinkulu ukuba zigutyungelwe ngexesha elifutshane.
- Inkxaso kunye ne-ankile: I-tangle ye-rhizomes iqinisa ukuzinza kwesityalo kwi-substrate, ikhusela ukuba ikhutshwe ngokulula ngumoya okanye imisinga yamanzi.
- Ngokungapheliyo: Izityalo zeRhizome zihlala zihlala ixesha elide: nokuba ziphulukene nendawo yazo engaphezulu komhlaba ngenxa yengqele okanye imbalela, isakhiwo sangaphantsi komhlaba sihlala siphila kwaye silungele ukuntshula kwixesha lonyaka elilandelayo.
Oku kwenza i-rhizomes ngokukodwa amalungu aguquguqukayo, enika amandla amakhulu kunye nokomelela kwiintlobo ezikhulayo, iququzelele ukusinda kwazo nakwiindawo ezimbi.
Ukuzala kunye nokusasazwa kwezityalo kunye ne-rhizomes
Ukuveliswa kweAsexual ngokusebenzisa iirhizomes ngokungathandabuzekiyo yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuphindaphinda izityalo ezingapheliyo. Ubuchule obuphambili bubandakanya ukwahlula okanye ukusika irhizome ibe ngamaqhekeza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba icandelo ngalinye liqulethe ubuncinci ihlumela elinye elisebenzayo.
Inkqubo yokusasaza i-rhizomes ibandakanya amanyathelo alandelayo:
- Khipha ngokucokisekileyo i-rhizome kwisityalo sikamama, uqaphele ukuba ungonakalisi ama-buds okanye iingcambu ze-adventitious.
- Sika irhizome ibe ngamacandelo usebenzisa isixhobo esicociweyo. Kubalulekile ukuba icandelo ngalinye libe nendawo enye okanye ezimbini ezinamaqhina.
- Nciphisa ubunzima bamagqabi ukuba kukho imfuneko yokunciphisa ukusasazeka ngexesha leengcambu.
- Tyala i-rhizomes kubunzulu obufanelekileyo kwaye unikeze ukunkcenkceshela okuphakathi.
Kunconywa ukuba uhlukanise ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi okanye ekuqaleni kwexesha lokukhula, njengasekupheleni kwehlobo, ekwindla, okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-rooting efanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba iimeko ezimbi zenzeke.
Ukongeza kwimveliso yezolimo, ulwahlulo lwerhizome sisicwangciso esisisiseko sendalo esiphuhliswe zizityalo ezininzi ukuze ziphile kwaye zande ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yazo yendalo.
Imizekelo ebalaseleyo yezityalo ezinerhizomes
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo eziphuhlisa iirhizomes zinkulu kakhulu, kwaye zisuka kwihombisi ukuya kwizityalo ezimayeza nezityiwayo. Ngezantsi eminye yeyona mizekelo ifanelekileyo kunye neempawu zayo ezithile:
- Ijinja (Zingiber officinale): Enye yezona rhizomes zithandwa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, eziqatshelwe ekuphekeni kunye namayeza esintu. Iipropati zayo ezichasayo kunye ne-flavour eyahlukileyo yenza ukuba ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zokupheka.
- I-TurmericCurcuma longa): Ukusuka kwintsapho enye njengejinja, i-rhizome ye-turmeric isetyenziswe njenge-condiment, i-colorant, kunye nesixhobo sonyango kwi-antioxidant kunye ne-anti-inflammatory compounds.
- ULily: Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenyibiba ezineziqu ze-rhizomatous ezivumela ukuba zimelane neemeko zemozulu ezinzima kwaye zisasaze isityalo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Mint: Iirhizome zayo zivelisa izityalo ezitsha kumgama omfutshane ukusuka kwisityalo esingumzali, zenza iikhaphethi ezinkulu, ezinevumba elimnandi nezihlaziyayo. Ixabisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ekuphekeni nasekulungiseleleni amayeza endalo.
- Uqalo: Zonke iintlobo ze-bamboo zineerhizomes ezinokuthi zibe monopodial okanye i-sympodial. Oku kubanika isakhono esingaqhelekanga sokwandisa, kubenza babe sisixhobo esiluncedo ekwenzeni igadi njengeheji okanye isityalo sokuthintela.
- Induku yeeIndies (Canna isalathiso): Isityalo somhombiso wemvelaphi yetropiki eneentyantyambo ezintle kunye namagqabi amakhulu. I-rhizome yayo iququzelela ukukhula kunye nokusabalalisa, nangona ifuna ukunakekelwa okuthe ngqo kwiindawo ezibandayo.
- Ingca emhlophe okanye igram (ICynodon dactylon): Ingca yakudala kwiigadi kunye neepaki, ikhula ngeerhizomes ezintle kwaye yenze iimethi eziluhlaza.
- Itywina likaSolomon (Polygonatum spp.): Iintlobo ezingapheliyo kunye neentyantyambo ezimhlophe ze-tubular, ezine-rhizomes ziyimfuneko yokugcina izondlo kunye nokusabalalisa.
- I-Sansevieria (ulwimi lukamamazala): Umzekelo wesityalo sangaphakathi esiqinileyo, ukukhula kwayo kwe-rhizomatous kuqinisekisa ukusasazeka lula.
- Amazimba eAleppo (Amazimba entlambo): Yaziwa njengokhula oluhlaselayo, kodwa ikwangumzekelo oqhelekileyo werhizome yemonopodial enokukhula okungapheliyo.
- IiHops (I-Humulus lupulus): I-Rhizome esetyenziselwa ukwenza ibhiya kunye neyeza elihlukile.
- Coquito okanye cypero (ICyperus): Olunye ukhula oluqhelekileyo, olunezirhizomes ezihlaselayo ezikwaziyo ukwenza ikholoni kumhlaba ofumileyo noxineneyo.
Uluhlu lwezityalo ze-rhizomatous lubanzi kwaye lunokwandiswa kunye neentlobo ezifana Iris, intonga, i-convallaria, Igrama, kunye neefern ezahlukeneyo, zonke ezibaluleke kakhulu kwi-horticulture kunye negadi.
Umahluko phakathi kwerhizome, ingcambu, ibhubhu, ibhalbhu kunye nestolon
Ukuqonda kakuhle indima ye-rhizome, luncedo yahlula kwezinye izakhiwo ezingaphantsi komhlaba njengengcambu, ibhubhu, ibhalbhu, kunye nestolon:
- Irhizome: Sisikhondo esiphantsi komhlaba esilungisiweyo esikhula ngokuthe tye, esinamaqhuqhuva kunye ne-internodes, i-buds, kunye nokukwazi ukuntshula zombini iingcambu kunye neziqu zasemoyeni kwindawo nganye.
- Ingcambu: Ilungu lezityalo, ngokuqhelekileyo liphantsi komhlaba, ngaphandle kwamaqhuqhuva okanye i-buds, umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuthatha amanzi kunye nezondlo, ngaphezu kokulungisa isityalo emhlabeni.
- I-Tuber: Isiqu esingaphantsi komhlaba esijiyileyo nesilungisiweyo (njengetapile), esigcina izondlo kodwa singenasakhiwo esicandekileyo sibe ngamaqhuqhuva kunye nee-internodes ezifana nerhizome.
- Ibhalbhu: Ilungu elingaphantsi komhlaba elenziwe ngamagqabi anenyama kunye nehlumela eliphakathi (elifana netswele okanye itulip), elikhethekileyo ekugcineni oovimba kunye nokukhusela isityalo kwindawo eleleyo.
- Stolon: Isiqu esisemoyeni okanye esingaphezulu, esibhityileyo kwaye side, esiphuma kwisiqu esingundoqo kwaye senza izityalo ezitsha ekupheleni kwaso xa sidibana nomhlaba (njengamaqunube).
- Rhizoid: Isakhiwo se-Filamentous esifana neengcambu, ezikhoyo kwizityalo ezingenayo i-vascular kunye ne-algae ethile, kunye nomsebenzi wokulungisa kodwa ngaphandle kokufunxa okubalulekileyo kwezondlo.
Lo mahluko ubaluleke kakhulu ekuchongeni nasekulawuleni ngendlela eyiyo uhlobo ngalunye lwesityalo kwigadi yeziqhamo, egadini, okanye kwisityalo sobuchule.
Ukubaluleka kwendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweerhizomes
I-Rhizomes ayibalulekanga kuphela kwimbono yebhayoloji, kodwa nakwimbono yezoqoqosho, yezolimo, yezamayeza kunye neyokuhlobisa:
- Uthintelo lokhukuliseko: Uthungelwano lweerhizomes kwiintlobo zengca kunye nezinye izityalo zinceda ukugcina umhlaba, ukuthintela ukuba ungakhukuliswa yimvula okanye umoya.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula kunye nokuhlasela: Ukhula oluninzi oluxhathisayo lusebenzisa iirhizomes ukwenza ikoloniyali ngokukhawuleza kwaye lwenza ulawulo lwezolimo lube nzima.
- Umthombo wokutya namayeza: Iirhizomes ezifana nejinja kunye ne-turmeric zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinzuzo zabo zempilo kunye neempawu zondlo.
- Izixhobo zokuhombisa: Izityalo zeRhizome zisetyenziselwa ukugquma kwengca, imiqobo yendalo (i-bamboo) okanye ukuhombisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
I-Rhizomes iye yavela ekuphenduleni iimeko ezimbi zokusingqongileyo, ezivumela izityalo ukuba ziphile kwimbalela, imililo, okanye umonakalo obangelwa zizilwanyana kunye nemisebenzi yabantu. Iplastiki yabo eguquguqukayo kunye nendima ekukhawuleziseni ukuvuselelwa kwendalo ibenza babe ngabadlali abaphambili kutshintsho lwendalo.
Ngombulelo kwiirhizomes, izityalo ezininzi zinokuphila kwaye zande unyaka nonyaka, zibonelela ngomthombo oqhubekayo wemithombo yendalo, ubuhle bembonakalo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kokupheka kunye nokunyanga abantu. Ukuba ufuna ukuba negadi enemveliso, eyomelelayo ehlala ihleli, ukuqonda nokulawula ngokufanelekileyo iintlobo ze-rhizomatous kuya kuba luncedo olukhulu, njengoko ukusasaza kwazo kulula, kusebenza kakuhle kwaye kunoqoqosho. Ngoku unayo yonke into oyifunayo ukuyiqonda, ukwahlula, kwaye uthathe ithuba lesi sakhiwo sesityalo esihle.
