Iintyatyambo zaseOstreliya yenye yezona ntlobo zininzi kwaye iyamangalisa emhlabeni.Ngaphandle kodumo lwalo njengelizwekazi elingumqwebedu nelomileyo, umhlaba waseOstreliya ulikhaya kwabanye Zili-22.000 iintlobo zezityalo, ipesenti ebalulekileyo engamalungu eqela lemithi. Uninzi lwale mithi alubonakali nje ngobuhle kunye nokuguquguquka, kodwa lunayo Iimpawu ezizodwa ezibavumela ukuba baphile kwenye yezona ndawo zinobutshaba nezitshintshayo emhlabeni.
Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba zingaphi iintlobo zemithi yase-Australia ekhoyo? Ngelixa kunzima ukukhomba elona nani lichanekileyo, i-genus kuphela Eucalyptus ine ngaphezulu kune Iindidi ezingama-600 ezahlukeneyo, kwaye amahlathi eeucalyptus agubungela ngaphezu 55 yezigidi zeehektare yelizwe. Ukongeza, kukho enye ijenareni enemifuziselo eyenza iOstreliya ibe yireferensi yebhotani yehlabathi.
Kweli nqaku uya kufumana i Imithi ebalulekileyo yase-Australia kufuneka uyazi, kunye neenkcazo ezineenkcukacha zeempawu zabo, iindawo zokuhlala, ukuziqhelanisa nendaleko, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nezinto ezinomdla kwibhotani. Ukusuka okumangalisayo I-Eucalyptus regnans, owona mthi mde ehlabathini, ukuya kweminye yamazwe angaphandle iibhanki kunye nokunyanzelisa iigrevilleas, ukudlula kwiimimosas, braquiquitos kunye nezinye ezininzi.
Acacia ukujongana (iMimosa okanye iAcacia yaseAustralia)
Acacia dealbata Yenye yezona ntlobo zezilwanyana ezaziwayo kwilizwekazi. Igama layo elidumileyo, i-mimosa okanye i-acacia yase-Australia, iyafana ne ukuhomba kunye nokuchasaNgumthi ohlala uluhlaza ohlala kakhulu e kumzantsi-mpuma kunye nonxweme olusemazantsi-ntshona eOstreliya, kwakunye naseTasmania.
Ungafikelela Iimitha ezili-12 ukuphakama kwaye iqala ukuqhakaza kunyaka wayo wesibini. Iintyatyambo zayo ezincinci ezinzulu ezityheli zivela ekupheleni kobusika, zibonisa ivumba elimnandi elingenakuthintelwa kwizinambuzane ezininzi ezihambisa ipoleni.
La Umnga waseOstreliya Ibalasele ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okumangalisayo. Kwimimandla efana neSpeyin, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kokuhlobisa kuye kwasasazeka kangangokuba, kwiindawo ezithile, kuye kwaqwalaselwa Iintlobo ezihlaselayoNgenxa yesi sizathu, ukulinywa kwayo kuthintelwe kwi-Peninsula yase-Iberia, nangona isaxatyiswa kwi-archipelagos.
Banksia coccinea (Scarlet Banksia)
La Banksia coccinea, kwaziwa njenge Umthi we-honeysuckle wase-Australia, ngumthi oluhlaza onokufikelela Iimitha ezili-8 ukuphakamaIhlala ihleli kwi ENtshona Australia kwaye idume ngayo i-spike inflorescences enombala obomvu ngokumangalisayo, nangona ezinye iintlobo zodidi zibonisa iintyatyambo ezinemibala etyheli neorenji.
Omnye wakhe iimpawu eziphawulekayo Isiqhamo sawo: iicones zenkuni zikhumbuza iicones ze-conifer pine, kodwa hayi iicones, ezihlala zivula kuphela emva komlilo okanye imbalela egqithisileyo. Olu lungelelaniso lubavumela ukuba baphile kwaye bahlaziye kwiindawo apho umlilo uyinto eqhelekileyo yendalo.
Las iibhanki Zineengcambu ezingenayo i-invasive kwaye zingakhuliswa kwiimbiza ezinkulu okanye iigadi ezincinci, ezibonelela ngokuchukumisa okungaqhelekanga kunye nokungaqhelekanga. Ziyakwazi nokunyamezela iqabaka epholileyo, nto leyo ezenza zilungele imozulu epholileyo.
Brachychiton acerifolius (Umthi womlilo)
Omnye weyona mithi ibukekayo ngokutyatyamba kwayo yiyo Brachychiton acerifolius, yaziwa njenge umthi womliloIkhula ikakhulu kunxweme olusempuma yeOstreliya, kwimimandla ephantsi kwetropiki, apho imozulu eshushu nefumileyo ithanda uphuhliso lwayo.
Fikelela Iimitha ezili-15 ukuphakama kwaye iphuhlise i-canopy ukuya kwi-4-5 yeemitha ububanzi, kunye neentyatyambo ezibomvu ezibukhali ezivela entwasahlobo kwaye zikhangele kakhulu.
Lo mthi, kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-genus ezifana Brachychiton populneus kunye Brachychiton rupestris, iyaxatyiswa kwi Iigadi zeMeditera ngenxa yokunyamezela kwayo imbalela kunye nokumelana neqabaka ngamaxesha athile ukuya kuthi ga kwi -3°C.
Brachychiton x roseus (Bella Pinki)
El Brachychiton x roseus Yiyo ihybrid yemvelaphi yaseOstreliya, idalwe ukusuka ekunqumleni phakathi Brachychiton acerifolius y Brachychiton populneusOlu hlobo, luya lukhona kwiigadi zasezidolophini kwihlabathi jikelele, zibalaseleyo ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphakama okunokwenzeka ukuya kuthi ga 12 mitha.
Inesiqu esithe tye esinexolo eligudileyo eliye libe mnyama njengoko likhula. Isithsaba sayo siyipyramidal, nangona sinokuba singaqhelekanga ngokuhamba kwexesha. Amagqabi ahlala eluhlaza, elula, kunye ne-lanceolate, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngelixa iintyatyambo, ezihlanganiswe kwi-panicles, zivela ehlotyeni kwaye zineethoni ezibomvu ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Iziqhamo zinde, iifollicles ezinomthi ezivulelekayo ukuququzelela ukusasazwa kwembewu. Brachychiton x roseus Kwakhona kakhulu Ukumelana nembalela kwaye inokumelana neqabaka yexesha elifutshane, ivumela ukuba ikhule kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zegadi.
Corymbia ficifolia (Ieucalyptus edubula iintyatyambo ezibomvu)
Ayiyiyo yonke imithi ye-eucalyptus eyinxalenye yeEucalyptus.Umzekelo omele kakhulu ngu Corymbia ficifolia, ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba i-eucalyptus ebomvu. Ivela kunxweme olusemazantsi e-Western Australia, apho inokugqithisa khona Iimitha ezili-50 ukuphakama kwindawo yayo yendalo, nangona ekulimeni kunqabile ukuba ibe ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-10.
Ivelisa iintyatyambo ezininzi ezibomvu eziphuma ngamaqela kwaye zinomtsalane ngakumbi kwiintaka neenyosi. Ibalasele ngenxa yayo ukuziqhelanisa nemihlaba eyahlukeneyo kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukumelana neqabaka ephakathi, nangona amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe -3ºC anokuyonakalisa kakhulu.
Eucalyptus: Umfuziselo wezityalo zaseOstreliya
Eucalyptus grandis
Ngaphakathi kohlobo olukhulu Eucalyptus, sifumana iintlobo ezifana Eucalyptus grandis, uphawu lwamahlathi akunxweme lwempuma yeOstreliya. Lo mthi unokufikelela Iimitha ezili-50 ukuphakama kwaye uphuhlise iziqu ukuya kwi-2 yeemitha ububanzi. Ixolo lalo liphantse libe mhlophe phezu komhlaba wonke, ngokungafaniyo nomdaka ongaphantsi.
Ukongeza kweyakhe Ixabiso lezinto zokuhombisa, i Eucalyptus grandis Ixabiswa ngamaplanga ayo kunye neshishini lephepha. Luhlobo olo Imelana nengqele kunye neqabaka epholileyo kakuhle (ukuya kuthi ga kwi -5 ° C), nangona ikhetha iindawo ezifudumeleyo.
I-Eucalyptus regnans: Owona mthi mde ehlabathini
Ukukhankanywa okukhethekileyo kufanelekile I-Eucalyptus regnans, okwangoku ithathwa njengowona mthi mde ehlabathini. Eminye imizekelo yodlula i Iimitha ezili-100 ukuphakama, njengezona ngxilimbela zokwenene zamahlathi aseTasmania nakweminye imimandla ekumzantsi-mpuma weOstreliya. Obu bukhulu bungaqhelekanga benza i I-Eucalyptus regnans kwi uphawu lokuchasa kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
Ukongezelela kubukho bayo kwi-ikhosistim, le mithi idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni nasekuvuseleleni imekobume emva komlilo, njengezinye iintlobo ezininzi zaseOstreliya eziqhelaniswa nomlilo.
UFicus rubiginosa (Umthi womkhiwane wasePuerto Jackson)
El UFicus rubiginosa, yaziwa njenge Umthi womkhiwane wasePuerto Jackson okanye ikhiwane elingundayo, livela empuma yeOstreliya. Lo mthi uhlala uluhlaza unokufikelela phakathi kwe-10 ne-15 yeemitha ukuphakama ekulinyweni, kwaye i-canopy yayo ebanzi ngokugqithisileyo inika umthunzi omninzi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu kunye namandla, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utyale UFicus rubiginosa kuphela kwiigadi ezinkulu ezinemozulu engenaqabaka, njengoko ingawanyamezeli amaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
Lophostemon confertus (Ibrashi yaseBoxwood)
Isithsaba sayo esishinyeneyo nesibanzi, kunye nesithsaba saso iintyatyambo ezimhlophe zentwasahlobo, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokubonelela ngohlaza kunye nomthunzi kwiigadi kunye neepaki. Ikhula kakuhle kwiindawo ezishushu, kwimozulu eshushu, kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana neqabaka epholileyo ukuya kutsho kwi -4°C.
Polyscias murrayi (Ipensile yomsedare)
El Polyscias murrayi Ngumthi ozalwa e amahlathi emvula asempuma yeOstreliya, yaziwa njenge ipenisile umsedareIxolo layo eligudileyo kunye nesiqu se-cylindrical zenza ukuba kungabonakali. Inokufikelela malunga Iimitha ezili-25 ukuphakama kwaye inyamezela iqabaka epholileyo, nangona ikhetha iindawo ezifumileyo nezishushu ukuze ikhule.
Rhodosphaera rhodanthema (Umthi waseQueensland)
Umthonyama wase Queensland, la Rhodosphaera rhodanthema Ludidi olukhulu olukwaziyo ukufikelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 yeemitha ukuphakamaAmaqabunga awo makhulu, anomlinganiselo ukuya kwi-30 centimeters ubude, kunye ne-pink inflorescences, ehlanganiswe kwi-panicle ukuya kwi-20 centimeters ubude, yenza ukuba ibonakale kuyo nayiphi na indawo.
Ngenisa a ukuxhathisa okulinganiselweyo kwimbalela kunye neeqabaka ezipholileyo, ezivumela ukulinywa kwayo kwindawo epholileyo ukuya kwimozulu efudumeleyo, okoko nje kungekho xesha lide lokubanda okanye imbalela.
URobusta grevillea (I-oki yaseAustralia okanye umthi womlilo)
El URobusta grevillea, kwaziwa njenge I-oki yase-Australia, i-oki yesilivere, i-oki enesilika, umthi womlilo okanye ipayina yegolide, yinzalelwane kwimimandla yaseQueensland naseNew South Wales. Lo mthi uluhlaza unokufikelela kubude obuphakathi 25 kunye ne-40 yeemitha kunye nokuphuhlisa izithsaba ukuya kwi-10 yeemitha ububanzi.
Amagqabi ayo amakhulu, abipinnate, aluhlaza amnyama akhumbuza i-fern fronds kwaye anesiliva ngaphantsi. iintyatyambo zenzeka entlakohlaza, ngelo xesha umthi ugqunywe ngeentyantyambo zegolide kunye ne-orenji eziqokelelwe kwii-terminal ezimileyo ukuya kwi-15 cm ubude. Ngaphezu koko, iziqhamo zayo ezimile njenge-capsule zinembewu enamaphiko ekhutshwa xa ivuthiwe, ibe negalelo ekusasazekeni kweentlobo.
La Grevillea robusta iinkuni Iyaxabiswa ngokuchasa kwayo kunye nombala wayo obomvu-obomvu, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwefenitshala kunye nezinto ezisemgangathweni. Ngumthi okhula ngokukhawuleza, okwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa nomhlaba onzulu nogalelwe amanzi, kwaye usetyenziswa kakhulu ukuhombisa izixeko, iipaki kunye nezitiyaNangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungayityali isondele kakhulu kwizakhiwo, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kunye nobume betyhefu kwezinye iindawo zomthi.
IWollemia nobilis (Wollemia)
La IWollemia nobilis Yi gem yokwenyani yebhotani, ehlelwa njenge ifossil ephilayo kwaye isengozini enkulu. Ithintelwe kumahlathi apholileyo aseNew South Wales. Yi-evergreen conifer enokufikelela phakathi I-20 kunye ne-40 yeemitha ukuphakama, kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana neqabaka ukuya kutsho kwi -5°C. Nangona kunjalo, ayibunyamezeli ubushushu obugqithileyo, iyenza ibe yintsalela yokwenyani yendaleko kumhlaba waseOstreliya.
Uhlengahlengiso kunye nezinto ezinomdla kwizityalo zemithi yase-Australia
La ukuvela kwemithi yaseOstreliya Kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni uhlengahlengiso olumangalisayoUninzi lwezilwanyana zineendlela zokusinda kwimililo yamahlathi ngamaxesha athile, njengokukwazi ukuhluma okanye ukuvula iziqhamo zazo kuphela emva kwesenzo somlilo okanye imbalela. Lo mcimbi, obizwa ngokuba serotinia, ixhaphakile kwi Banksia, Eucalyptus kunye nezinye iintsapho zomthonyama.
Uninzi lwezi ntlobo kubalulekile kwifauna yemveliNgokomzekelo, imithi ye<em>eucalyptus ikukutya okusisiseko kweekoala, ngoxa iintyatyambo zebanksia negrevillea zitsala iinyosi, iintaka ezitya incindi nezinye iintyatyambo ezihambisa ipoleni. Iinkuni kunye namagqabi emithi efana neGrevillea robusta ngokwesiko isetyenziswa kulwakhiwo nakubugcisa.
Ukubaluleka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithi yase-Australia kwihlabathi jikelele
La Ukwandiswa kwemithi yaseOstreliya ngaphandle kwelizwekazi layo libe ne- impembelelo yehlabathiIindidi ezininzi, ezifana nomnga kunye ne-eucalyptus, ziye zaziswa kwiMeditera, kwimozulu yetropikhi, kunye nemozulu yetropiki kwihlabathi jikelele, ngenxa yosetyenziso lwazo lokuhombisa kunye nexabiso lazo kumahlathi kunye nokuhlaziywa kwamahlathi.
Nangona kunjalo, intshayelelo ngaphandle kwendawo yayo yemveli Kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo. Kwezinye iimeko, njengaleyo ye-Acacia dealbata kwi-Peninsula yase-Iberia, iingxaki zokuhlasela kunye nokufuduswa kweentyatyambo zomthonyama zibhaliwe.
Yazi i Imithi yase-Australia kufuneka uyazi Imalunga nokuzintywilisela kwimbali yendaleko yelizwekazi elizaliswe yiyantlukwano kunye nobuhle. Indibaniselwano yokuziqhelanisa, iyantlukwano, kunye nobuhle obumangalisayo kwenza ezi ntlobo zibaluleke kakhulu kwiingcaphephe zezityalo, abalimi, kunye nabathandi bendalo kwihlabathi jikelele.
